An adult with nephrotic-range proteinuria develops sudden flank pain and hematuria. Imaging shows renal vein thrombosis. Underlying mechanism?

A 10-year-old boy develops cola-colored urine, periorbital edema, and hypertension 2 weeks after a sore throat. Urine shows RBC casts and mild proteinuria. Most likely process?

A 4-year-old with generalized edema and frothy urine has:
- Proteinuria >3.5 g/day
- Hypoalbuminemia - Hyperlipidemia - No hematuria Primary structural defect?

Why is it not recommended to give plain water to infants under 6 months?

A 6-month-old infant presents with vomiting, irritability, and a bulging anterior fontanelle. On exam, the eyes appear half-closed with the upper eyelids pulled down and the sclera visible above the iris. This is most consistent with:

A 6-year-old child presents with low-grade fever, mild conjunctivitis, and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy. Three days later, a pink maculopapular rash appears on the face and spreads downward to the trunk and extremities. The most likely diagnosis is?

A 5-year-old with fever, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis develops a maculopapular rash starting at the hairline and spreading downward, fading in the same order. What feature distinguishes it from rubella?

A 6-year-old presents with mild fever and malaise. Two days later, a bright red “slapped cheek” rash appears on the face, followed by a lacy, reticular rash on the trunk and extremities. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A child develops vesicles starting on the trunk, then spreading to face and extremities, with lesions in different stages. Most likely diagnosis?

A 1-month-old infant is evaluated for developmental milestones. Which gross motor skill is expected at this age?

A 9-month-old infant is evaluated for developmental milestones. Which gross motor skills are typically expected at this age?

A 12-month-old infant is evaluated for developmental milestones. Which gross motor skill is typically expected at this age?

A 3-year-old child is evaluated for gross motor development. Which of the following skills is typically expected at this age?

A 4-month-old infant presents with a flattened area on one side of the skull but is otherwise healthy and neurologically normal. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 3-month-old infant presents with an abnormally shaped head. On examination, there is ridge formation along the sagittal suture and the head appears long and narrow. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 7-year-old child presents with fever, headache, and myalgia. On exam, there are petechial lesions on the palms and soles that are now spreading to the trunk. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 32-year-old woman presents with recurrent vaginal candidiasis that is refractory to standard antifungal therapy. Which underlying condition should be evaluated first, and what test should be done?

A patient presents with gradual cognitive changes and mild hemiparesis after minor head trauma. Imaging shows a crescent-shaped extra-axial collection. What is the most likely diagnosis, mechanism, and treatment?