Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine ππ
Persistent hypoglycemia requiring high GIR (>12 mg/kg/min) suggests:
Anonymous Quiz
18%
Early-onset sepsis
63%
Hyperinsulinism
12%
SGA physiology
7%
Delayed feeding
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine ππ
Which hormone deficiency is MOST associated with persistent neonatal hypoglycemia?
Anonymous Quiz
5%
Oxytocin
25%
TSH
55%
Growth hormone
15%
Aldosterone
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine ππ
A term newborn has hypoglycemia at 8 hours of life. Critical sample shows: insulin low, ketones low, ammonia high. Most likely diagnosis?
Anonymous Quiz
13%
Hyperinsulinism
53%
Urea cycle defect
15%
Organic acidemia
19%
Fatty acid oxidation defect
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine ππ
The safest maximum recommended bolus for neonatal hypoglycemia is:
Anonymous Quiz
20%
3 mL/kg of D10W
24%
6 mL/kg of D10W
26%
2 mL/kg of D25W
30%
5 mL/kg of D10W
β€2π1
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine ππ
Which of the following cellular adaptations is LEAST likely reversible?
Anonymous Quiz
7%
Hypertrophy
9%
Hyperplasia
38%
Dysplasia
17%
Atrophy
29%
Metaplasia
β€1
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine ππ
Which molecule is the most critical mediator of irreversible cell injury due to ischemia?
Anonymous Quiz
18%
Calcium influx
22%
ROS formation
28%
NaβΊ/KβΊ pump failure
18%
Mitochondrial swelling
13%
ATP depletion
β€1
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine ππ
Caseous necrosis is most characteristically associated with which of the following immune responses?
Anonymous Quiz
4%
Type I hypersensitivity
10%
Type II hypersensitivity
12%
Type III hypersensitivity
68%
Granulomatous inflammation
6%
Pyogenic inflammation
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine ππ
A cell showing pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis is undergoing:
Anonymous Quiz
43%
Apoptosis
10%
Autophagy
35%
Necrosis
7%
Senescence
5%
Oncogenesis
β€1π1
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine ππ
Which caspase is primarily responsible for initiating intrinsic apoptosis?
Anonymous Quiz
19%
Caspase-1
25%
Caspase-3
21%
Caspase-6
13%
Caspase-8
23%
Caspase-9
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine ππ
A cell with high Bcl-2 expression is MOST likely to show:
Anonymous Quiz
37%
Increased apoptosis
46%
Decreased apoptosis
6%
Pyroptosis
8%
Autophagosome formation
2%
Ferroptosis
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine ππ
Which is an example of a pathologic hyperplasia?
Anonymous Quiz
4%
Breast enlargement during pregnancy
7%
Liver regeneration after resection
65%
Endometrial hyperplasia due to excess estrogen
4%
Muscle enlargement due to exercise
20%
Bone marrow response to anemia
π3β€1
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine ππ
Which of the following is a hallmark of chronic inflammation?
Anonymous Quiz
11%
Predominant neutrophilic infiltrate
5%
Vascular congestion
68%
Granulation tissue formation
4%
Cytokine storm
12%
Fibrinous exudate
π3
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine ππ
Which adhesion molecule is essential for leukocyte rolling?
Anonymous Quiz
18%
ICAM-1
19%
VCAM-1
28%
Selectins
20%
Integrins
15%
Cadherins
π3
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine ππ
Which cytokine is the most important mediator of fever?
Anonymous Quiz
21%
IL-1
14%
IL-2
39%
IL-6
19%
TNF-Ξ±
7%
IFN-Ξ³
π2
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine ππ
The earliest morphological change in reversible cell injury is:
Anonymous Quiz
10%
Nuclear pyknosis
7%
Plasma membrane rupture
11%
Mitochondrial membrane rupture
65%
Cell swelling
6%
Lipofuscin deposition
π4
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine ππ
Which complement component is most directly involved in chemotaxis?
Anonymous Quiz
6%
C1q
23%
C3a
29%
C3b
26%
C5a
16%
MAC (C5βC9)
π4
7-year-old girl has growth deceleration, cold intolerance, weight gain, and delayed dentition. Her TSH is markedly elevated, and free T4 is low. Bone age is 4 years. What is the most likely additional finding?
Anonymous Quiz
7%
Advanced puberty
65%
Delayed deep tendon reflex relaxation
22%
Elevated IGF-1
6%
Hyperactivity
π5
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine ππ
Dystrophic calcification occurs in:
Anonymous Quiz
21%
Hypercalcemia
22%
Normal serum calcium levels
29%
Paget disease
8%
Brown tumors
20%
Primary hyperparathyroidism
β€2π1
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine ππ
π Anatomical Position
Anatomical position refers to the standard positioning of the body when it is standing upright and facing forward with each arm hanging on either side of the body, and the palms facing forward.
The legs are parallel, with feet flat on the floor and facing forward.
Anatomical position refers to the standard positioning of the body when it is standing upright and facing forward with each arm hanging on either side of the body, and the palms facing forward.
The legs are parallel, with feet flat on the floor and facing forward.
β€2