A neonate with hypoglycemia shows normal lactate, high ketones, and normal insulin. Which is MOST likely?
Anonymous Quiz
12%
Hyperinsulinism
42%
Fatty acid oxidation defect
33%
Glycogen storage disease
13%
Adrenal insufficiency
❤1
A neonate with severe hypoglycemia has normal insulin, low ketones, and high FFA. Most consistent with?
Anonymous Quiz
14%
Beta-ketothiolase deficiency
52%
Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency
15%
Hyperinsulinism
18%
Glycogen storage disease
❤2
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine 💉💊
Best initial treatment for an asymptomatic newborn with glucose 28 mg/dL at 1 hour of age?
Anonymous Quiz
27%
IV dextrose bolus
62%
Breastfeeding + buccal dextrose gel
6%
Formula feeding only
5%
NICU admission
👍2
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine 💉💊
Persistent hypoglycemia requiring high GIR (>12 mg/kg/min) suggests:
Anonymous Quiz
18%
Early-onset sepsis
63%
Hyperinsulinism
12%
SGA physiology
7%
Delayed feeding
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine 💉💊
Which hormone deficiency is MOST associated with persistent neonatal hypoglycemia?
Anonymous Quiz
5%
Oxytocin
25%
TSH
55%
Growth hormone
15%
Aldosterone
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine 💉💊
A term newborn has hypoglycemia at 8 hours of life. Critical sample shows: insulin low, ketones low, ammonia high. Most likely diagnosis?
Anonymous Quiz
13%
Hyperinsulinism
53%
Urea cycle defect
15%
Organic acidemia
19%
Fatty acid oxidation defect
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine 💉💊
The safest maximum recommended bolus for neonatal hypoglycemia is:
Anonymous Quiz
20%
3 mL/kg of D10W
24%
6 mL/kg of D10W
26%
2 mL/kg of D25W
30%
5 mL/kg of D10W
❤2👎1
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine 💉💊
Which of the following cellular adaptations is LEAST likely reversible?
Anonymous Quiz
7%
Hypertrophy
9%
Hyperplasia
38%
Dysplasia
17%
Atrophy
29%
Metaplasia
❤1
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine 💉💊
Which molecule is the most critical mediator of irreversible cell injury due to ischemia?
Anonymous Quiz
18%
Calcium influx
22%
ROS formation
28%
Na⁺/K⁺ pump failure
18%
Mitochondrial swelling
13%
ATP depletion
❤1
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine 💉💊
Caseous necrosis is most characteristically associated with which of the following immune responses?
Anonymous Quiz
4%
Type I hypersensitivity
10%
Type II hypersensitivity
12%
Type III hypersensitivity
68%
Granulomatous inflammation
6%
Pyogenic inflammation
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine 💉💊
A cell showing pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis is undergoing:
Anonymous Quiz
43%
Apoptosis
10%
Autophagy
35%
Necrosis
7%
Senescence
5%
Oncogenesis
❤1👍1
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine 💉💊
Which caspase is primarily responsible for initiating intrinsic apoptosis?
Anonymous Quiz
19%
Caspase-1
25%
Caspase-3
21%
Caspase-6
13%
Caspase-8
23%
Caspase-9
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine 💉💊
A cell with high Bcl-2 expression is MOST likely to show:
Anonymous Quiz
37%
Increased apoptosis
46%
Decreased apoptosis
6%
Pyroptosis
8%
Autophagosome formation
2%
Ferroptosis
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine 💉💊
Which is an example of a pathologic hyperplasia?
Anonymous Quiz
4%
Breast enlargement during pregnancy
7%
Liver regeneration after resection
65%
Endometrial hyperplasia due to excess estrogen
4%
Muscle enlargement due to exercise
20%
Bone marrow response to anemia
👍3❤1
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine 💉💊
Which of the following is a hallmark of chronic inflammation?
Anonymous Quiz
11%
Predominant neutrophilic infiltrate
5%
Vascular congestion
68%
Granulation tissue formation
4%
Cytokine storm
12%
Fibrinous exudate
👍3
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine 💉💊
Which adhesion molecule is essential for leukocyte rolling?
Anonymous Quiz
18%
ICAM-1
19%
VCAM-1
28%
Selectins
20%
Integrins
15%
Cadherins
👍3
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine 💉💊
Which cytokine is the most important mediator of fever?
Anonymous Quiz
21%
IL-1
14%
IL-2
39%
IL-6
19%
TNF-α
7%
IFN-γ
👍2
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine 💉💊
The earliest morphological change in reversible cell injury is:
Anonymous Quiz
10%
Nuclear pyknosis
7%
Plasma membrane rupture
11%
Mitochondrial membrane rupture
65%
Cell swelling
6%
Lipofuscin deposition
👍4
Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine 💉💊
Which complement component is most directly involved in chemotaxis?
Anonymous Quiz
6%
C1q
23%
C3a
29%
C3b
26%
C5a
16%
MAC (C5–C9)
👍4
7-year-old girl has growth deceleration, cold intolerance, weight gain, and delayed dentition. Her TSH is markedly elevated, and free T4 is low. Bone age is 4 years. What is the most likely additional finding?
Anonymous Quiz
7%
Advanced puberty
65%
Delayed deep tendon reflex relaxation
22%
Elevated IGF-1
6%
Hyperactivity
👍5