🖊 Oxygen devices

✒️ Cephalohematoma versus Caput succedaneum

Turner Syndrome

Common heart abnormalities associated with Turner syndrome are bicuspid aortic valve (most common) and coarctation of the aorta.

patients may also develop aortic root dilation

Developmental Milestones during the first year of life

🖊 Laryngomalacia presents in infants with inspiratory stridor that worsens in the supine position and improves in the prone position. 

Laryngoscopy shows collapse of the supraglottic structures during inspiration. Concurrent gastroesophageal reflux should be treated. 

Laryngomalacia usually resolves spontaneously by age 18 months.

Developmental milestones during toddlerhood

🖊 APGAR Scoring

The Apgar score provides a universally accepted method to assess the status of the newborn infant immediately after birth.

🗒 The score is determined by assessing five variables, each of which is assigned a value of 0, 1, or 2. The Apgar score is assessed at one and five minutes after birth. If the five-minute score is ≤6, a 10-minute score should be assessed.

Infants with five-minute Apgar scores ≤6 require further evaluation and possible intervention.

🖍 The Apgar score should not be used as a prognostic tool.