A 7-year-old boy has fever and swelling over the femur. X-ray shows moth-eaten lytic lesions with periosteal reaction.
Which organism is most likely?

A 4-year-old boy presents with fever, weight loss, and night sweats. Chest X-ray shows diffuse, small, millet-seed–like nodules throughout both lung fields.
What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 10-month-old with Hirschsprung disease develops distention and high fever. X-ray shows multiple dilated loops of bowel with air-fluid levels.
Most likely complication?

A 9-month-old presents with intermittent, severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and currant-jelly stools. Ultrasound shows concentric rings (“target sign”) in the right lower abdomen.
What is the diagnosis?

A woman presents with amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and infertility. The most likely cause is:

A 6-month-old HIV-positive infant presents with dyspnea, hypoxemia, and interstitial infiltrates on CXR showing diffuse ground-glass appearance.
Most likely diagnosis?

A neutropenic 9-year-old with acute leukemia develops fever, cough, and pleuritic chest pain. CT shows nodular lesion with surrounding ground-glass opacity (“halo sign”).
What is the most likely cause?

A 4-year-old presents with sudden high fever, drooling, dysphagia, and muffled “hot-potato” voice. Lateral neck X-ray shows a thumb-like protrusion in the airway.
Most likely diagnosis?

A 7-year-old child presents with cough and nasal congestion lasting more than 10 days. The parent reports that the child initially improved but then developed fever > 102°F and purulent nasal discharge for over 3 days. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 3-year-old child has bilateral pedal edema, flaky paint dermatosis, and sparse, easily pluckable hair. The most likely diagnosis is:

A 1-year-old infant on prolonged exclusive cow’s milk feeding presents with pallor and irritability. Lab findings: microcytic hypochromic anemia. What is the likely cause?

A 6-month-old baby presents with cough, wheeze, and difficulty breathing. There is hyperinflated chest and bilateral crepitations. What is the most common cause?

A 9-year-old child has fever, joint pain, and carditis. Which of the following is a major criterion in Jones criteria?

The study of disease and its causes is called:

A 2-month-old infant has a continuous murmur best heard at the left infraclavicular area. Bounding pulses are present. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 3-year-old child presents with fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and maculopapular rash starting behind the ears. What is the pathognomonic sign?

A 5-year-old boy presents with periorbital edema, proteinuria, and hypoalbuminemia. Most likely cause is:

A 6-year-old has night blindness and Bitot’s spots. What is the appropriate treatment?

A 3-day-old full-term baby presents with yellow discoloration of the eyes. The baby is active and feeding well. Total bilirubin is 10 mg/dL. The most likely diagnosis is: