A 28-year-old woman is found to have
pulmonary sarcoidosis. Flow cytometric
analysis of T cells isolated from the alveoli and lung interstitium reveals the presence of large numbers of T helper (TH1) cells. These cells are known to secrete ?

A pathologist examines a renal biopsy of nephrotic syndrome and requests a Congo red stain to confirm the nature of an amorphous
acidophilic extracellular hyaline substance
localized within the mesangial matrix of the glomeruli. A positive test confirms

Within minutes of a bee sting, a
23-year-old woman develops generalized
pruritus and hyperemia of the skin, followed shortly by swelling of the face and eyelids, dyspnea, and laryngeal edema. This reaction is mediated by :

A 20-year-old woman presents with malar
rash, arthralgias, low-grade fever, and high
titer antibodies to double-stranded DNA Which of the following forms of hypersensitivity is the primary mechanism of the abnormalities found in this disorder?