❇️ 2 JUNE 2024
🏰 Telangana Formation Day (10th)
तेलंगाना स्थापना दिवस
💎K Chandrasekhar Rao : 1st CM of State
🟢 FACTs
🔷Capital-Hyderabad
🔶Formation - 2 June 2014
🔷CM- Anumula Revanth Reddy,
🔶Governor- C.P. Radhakrishnan
🔷D/L/R - 33/17/7
🔶State Animal - Chital
🔷State Flower - Senna Auriculata
🔶State Bird - Indian roller
🔷State Tree -Jand
🟢BORDER STATES
Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh
🌴 NATIONAL PARK
Kasu Brahmananda Reddy, Mahavir Harina Vanasthali, Mrugavani
🦥WILD LIFE SANCTURY
Kawal, Ethurnagaram, Kinnerasani
Manjira Crocodile, Pakhal, Shivaram, Pranahita
✈️AIRPORT
Rajiv Gandhi & Begumpet Airport
🎊FESTIVALS
Bathukamma, Bonalu, Samakka Saarakka Jaathara, Peerla Panduga
🏟STADIUM
Lal Bahadur Shastri, Hyd.
Rajiv Gandhi International, Hyd.
🌊LAKES
Bhadrakali, Durgam Cheruvu, Himayat Sagar, Hussain Sagar, Pakhal
🐅TIGER RESERVE
Kawal, Amarabad
🌊DAMS
Mid Manair, Singur, Sripada
💃🏻DANCE
Perini Sivatandavam, Oggu Katha
✍Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥
🏰 Telangana Formation Day (10th)
तेलंगाना स्थापना दिवस
💎K Chandrasekhar Rao : 1st CM of State
🟢 FACTs
🔷Capital-Hyderabad
🔶Formation - 2 June 2014
🔷CM- Anumula Revanth Reddy,
🔶Governor- C.P. Radhakrishnan
🔷D/L/R - 33/17/7
🔶State Animal - Chital
🔷State Flower - Senna Auriculata
🔶State Bird - Indian roller
🔷State Tree -Jand
🟢BORDER STATES
Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh
🌴 NATIONAL PARK
Kasu Brahmananda Reddy, Mahavir Harina Vanasthali, Mrugavani
🦥WILD LIFE SANCTURY
Kawal, Ethurnagaram, Kinnerasani
Manjira Crocodile, Pakhal, Shivaram, Pranahita
✈️AIRPORT
Rajiv Gandhi & Begumpet Airport
🎊FESTIVALS
Bathukamma, Bonalu, Samakka Saarakka Jaathara, Peerla Panduga
🏟STADIUM
Lal Bahadur Shastri, Hyd.
Rajiv Gandhi International, Hyd.
🌊LAKES
Bhadrakali, Durgam Cheruvu, Himayat Sagar, Hussain Sagar, Pakhal
🐅TIGER RESERVE
Kawal, Amarabad
🌊DAMS
Mid Manair, Singur, Sripada
💃🏻DANCE
Perini Sivatandavam, Oggu Katha
✍Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥
❤3
Forwarded from RBI | SBI | SEBI | NABARD | BANKING 🙌🏻
🔶BRIEF ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL CONVENTIONS { Part-2}
🪴 Bonn Convention
• Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals.
• Adopted in 1979.
• In force since 1983.
🪴 Vienna Convention
• Protection of the Ozone Layer.
• Adopted in 1985.
• In force since 1988.
🪴 Montreal Protocol
• Focus: Substances depleting the Ozone Layer.
• Adopted in 1987.
• In force since 1989.
🪴 Kyoto Protocol
• Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
• Adopted in 1997.
• In force since 2005.
🪴 UNFCCC
• Governs actions to combat Climate Change (GHG emissions).
• Adopted in 1992.
• In force since 1994.
✍ Credit- Manpreet kaur { Pihu }
🪴 Bonn Convention
• Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals.
• Adopted in 1979.
• In force since 1983.
🪴 Vienna Convention
• Protection of the Ozone Layer.
• Adopted in 1985.
• In force since 1988.
🪴 Montreal Protocol
• Focus: Substances depleting the Ozone Layer.
• Adopted in 1987.
• In force since 1989.
🪴 Kyoto Protocol
• Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
• Adopted in 1997.
• In force since 2005.
🪴 UNFCCC
• Governs actions to combat Climate Change (GHG emissions).
• Adopted in 1992.
• In force since 1994.
✍ Credit- Manpreet kaur { Pihu }
👍1
BOOK RELEASES
🔶Ek Samandar, Mere Andar - Sanjeev Joshi
🔷Gandhi: A Life in Three Campaigns – M.J. Akbar & K. Natwar
🔶Four Stars of Destiny – General Manoj Mukund Naravane
🔷Fertilising the Future: Bharat’s March Towards Fertiliser Self-Sufficiency – Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya
🔶Ram Mandir Rashtra Mandir Ek Sanjhi Virast – Geeta Singh & Arif Khan Bharti
🔶Ek Samandar, Mere Andar - Sanjeev Joshi
🔷Gandhi: A Life in Three Campaigns – M.J. Akbar & K. Natwar
🔶Four Stars of Destiny – General Manoj Mukund Naravane
🔷Fertilising the Future: Bharat’s March Towards Fertiliser Self-Sufficiency – Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya
🔶Ram Mandir Rashtra Mandir Ek Sanjhi Virast – Geeta Singh & Arif Khan Bharti
❤1
Forwarded from English MCQs
✅️ Daily The Hindu Vocabulary 04 June 2025.
1. SUPERVENE (VERB): (पीछे आना): Follow
Synonyms: pursue, supersede
Antonyms: retreat, precede
Example Sentence:
Team members supervene their leaders.
2. DRACONIAN (ADJECTIVE): (कठोर):Harsh
Synonyms: cruel, oppressive
Antonyms: easy, gentle
Example Sentence:
Your master is a draconian man.
3. DAWDLE (VERB): (समय नष्ट करना): Waste time
Synonyms: loiter, procrastinate
Antonyms: hasten, hurry
Example Sentence:
The teacher warned the student that he will be punished if he dawdled again.
4. PILLAGE (VERB): (लूटना):Plunder, destroy
Synonyms: ravage, ransack
Antonyms: protect, construct
Example Sentence:
The terrorists pillaged the city.
5. PERSPICACIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (बुद्धि) :Observant, perceptive
Synonyms: alert, aware
Antonyms: ignorant, unobservant
Example Sentence:
The CDI officers are always perspicacious with their case.
6. NOXIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (हानिकारक) :Deadly, injurious
Synonyms: destructive, harmful
Antonyms: helpful, kind
Example Sentence:
This is a noxious chemical.
7. FERVENT (ADJECTIVE): (उत्साही): Enthusiastic
Synonyms: zealous, ardent
Antonyms: apathetic, dull
Example Sentence:
He is a fervent child.
8. FITFUL (ADJECTIVE): (चंचल) :Spasmodic
Synonyms: intermittent, fluctuating
Antonyms: continuous, perpetual
Example Sentence:
As long as his breathing is fitful, he will continue to need an oxygen machine.
9. FLOUT (VERB): (अवज्ञा करना) :Show contempt for
Synonyms: defy, disregard
Antonyms: honour, praise
Example Sentence:
One should not flout the traffic rules.
10. FEASIBLE (ADJECTIVE): (व्यवहार्य): Practicable
Synonyms: possible, doable
Antonyms: impossible, implausible
Example Sentence:
This seems to be a feasible solution.
Ꭻᴏɪɴ🔥 ⃝➥ @EnglishquizzClub
Ꭻᴏɪɴ🔥 ⃝➥ @english_mcq
1. SUPERVENE (VERB): (पीछे आना): Follow
Synonyms: pursue, supersede
Antonyms: retreat, precede
Example Sentence:
Team members supervene their leaders.
2. DRACONIAN (ADJECTIVE): (कठोर):Harsh
Synonyms: cruel, oppressive
Antonyms: easy, gentle
Example Sentence:
Your master is a draconian man.
3. DAWDLE (VERB): (समय नष्ट करना): Waste time
Synonyms: loiter, procrastinate
Antonyms: hasten, hurry
Example Sentence:
The teacher warned the student that he will be punished if he dawdled again.
4. PILLAGE (VERB): (लूटना):Plunder, destroy
Synonyms: ravage, ransack
Antonyms: protect, construct
Example Sentence:
The terrorists pillaged the city.
5. PERSPICACIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (बुद्धि) :Observant, perceptive
Synonyms: alert, aware
Antonyms: ignorant, unobservant
Example Sentence:
The CDI officers are always perspicacious with their case.
6. NOXIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (हानिकारक) :Deadly, injurious
Synonyms: destructive, harmful
Antonyms: helpful, kind
Example Sentence:
This is a noxious chemical.
7. FERVENT (ADJECTIVE): (उत्साही): Enthusiastic
Synonyms: zealous, ardent
Antonyms: apathetic, dull
Example Sentence:
He is a fervent child.
8. FITFUL (ADJECTIVE): (चंचल) :Spasmodic
Synonyms: intermittent, fluctuating
Antonyms: continuous, perpetual
Example Sentence:
As long as his breathing is fitful, he will continue to need an oxygen machine.
9. FLOUT (VERB): (अवज्ञा करना) :Show contempt for
Synonyms: defy, disregard
Antonyms: honour, praise
Example Sentence:
One should not flout the traffic rules.
10. FEASIBLE (ADJECTIVE): (व्यवहार्य): Practicable
Synonyms: possible, doable
Antonyms: impossible, implausible
Example Sentence:
This seems to be a feasible solution.
Ꭻᴏɪɴ🔥 ⃝➥ @EnglishquizzClub
Ꭻᴏɪɴ🔥 ⃝➥ @english_mcq
❤3
Forwarded from RBI | SBI | SEBI | NABARD | BANKING 🙌🏻
🏆 18TH INDIAN PREMIER LEAGUE
🏟 Hosted By - India
🕹 Title Sponsor - TATA
🥇 Winner - Royal Challengers Bengaluru (1st title)
🥈 Runner-up - Punjab Kings
🟣 Purple Cap (Most Wickets) - Prasidh Krishna (Gujarat Titans) (25 wickets)
🟠 Orange Cap (Most Runs) - Sai Sudharsan (Gujarat Titans) (759 runs)
🎖 Most Valuable Player - Suryakumar Yadav (Mumbai Indians)
🏵 Fairplay Award - Punjab Kings
📅 Final Match - June 3, 2025
🏟 Venue - Narendra Modi Stadium, Ahmedabad
🔥 RCB vs PBKS - RCB won by 6 runs, securing their maiden IPL title after 18 seasons!
RCB finally broke their title drought, with Krunal Pandya delivering a match-winning bowling spell! 🚀🏏
✍ Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥
🏟 Hosted By - India
🕹 Title Sponsor - TATA
🥇 Winner - Royal Challengers Bengaluru (1st title)
🥈 Runner-up - Punjab Kings
🟣 Purple Cap (Most Wickets) - Prasidh Krishna (Gujarat Titans) (25 wickets)
🟠 Orange Cap (Most Runs) - Sai Sudharsan (Gujarat Titans) (759 runs)
🎖 Most Valuable Player - Suryakumar Yadav (Mumbai Indians)
🏵 Fairplay Award - Punjab Kings
📅 Final Match - June 3, 2025
🏟 Venue - Narendra Modi Stadium, Ahmedabad
🔥 RCB vs PBKS - RCB won by 6 runs, securing their maiden IPL title after 18 seasons!
RCB finally broke their title drought, with Krunal Pandya delivering a match-winning bowling spell! 🚀🏏
✍ Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥
🫖🪴Major Environmental Conventions
🍬 Ramsar Convention
It is called the Convention on Wetlands.
It was adopted in 1971 in the city of ‘Ramsar’ in Iran.
Enforced in 1975.
🍬 Bonn Convention
It is a convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals.
It was adopted in 1979.
Enforced in 1983.
🍬 Vienna Convention
Related to the protection of the ozone layer.
Adopted in 1985.
Enforced in 1988.
🍬 Montreal Protocol
An international environmental protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer.
Adopted in 1987.
Enforced in 1989.
🍬Basel Convention
Related to the control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal.
Adopted in 1989.
Enforced in 1992.
🍬 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
Related to conservation of biodiversity.
Adopted in 1992.
Enforced in 1993.
🍬Rotterdam Convention
Related to prior informed consent procedure for certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade.
Adopted in 1998.
Enforced in 2004.
🍬 Kigali Convention
Related to ozone depletion (Amendment to the Montreal Protocol).
Adopted in 2016.
Enforced in 2019.
🍬Cartagena Protocol
It is an international environmental protocol on biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Adopted in 2000.
Enforced in 2003.
🍬Stockholm Convention
Related to Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).
Adopted in 2001 at Geneva, Switzerland.
Enforced in 2004.
🍬Nagoya Protocol
Related to access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization (ABS)
Adopted in 2010. Enforced in 2014.
🍬Kyoto Protocol
Related to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Adopted in 1997.
Enforced in 2005.
🍬Minamata Convention
To protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of mercury.
Adopted in 2013.
Enforced in 2017.
✍ credit - Manpreet kaur
🍬 Ramsar Convention
It is called the Convention on Wetlands.
It was adopted in 1971 in the city of ‘Ramsar’ in Iran.
Enforced in 1975.
🍬 Bonn Convention
It is a convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals.
It was adopted in 1979.
Enforced in 1983.
🍬 Vienna Convention
Related to the protection of the ozone layer.
Adopted in 1985.
Enforced in 1988.
🍬 Montreal Protocol
An international environmental protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer.
Adopted in 1987.
Enforced in 1989.
🍬Basel Convention
Related to the control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal.
Adopted in 1989.
Enforced in 1992.
🍬 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
Related to conservation of biodiversity.
Adopted in 1992.
Enforced in 1993.
🍬Rotterdam Convention
Related to prior informed consent procedure for certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade.
Adopted in 1998.
Enforced in 2004.
🍬 Kigali Convention
Related to ozone depletion (Amendment to the Montreal Protocol).
Adopted in 2016.
Enforced in 2019.
🍬Cartagena Protocol
It is an international environmental protocol on biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Adopted in 2000.
Enforced in 2003.
🍬Stockholm Convention
Related to Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).
Adopted in 2001 at Geneva, Switzerland.
Enforced in 2004.
🍬Nagoya Protocol
Related to access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization (ABS)
Adopted in 2010. Enforced in 2014.
🍬Kyoto Protocol
Related to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Adopted in 1997.
Enforced in 2005.
🍬Minamata Convention
To protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of mercury.
Adopted in 2013.
Enforced in 2017.
✍ credit - Manpreet kaur
❇️ 06 JUNE
🍄 UN Russian Language Day
संयुक्त राष्ट्र रूसी भाषा दिवस
🍂संयुक्त राष्ट्र द्वारा हर साल 06 जून रूसी भाषा दिवस के रूप में मनाया जाता है। यह पूरे संगठन में संयुक्त राष्ट्र द्वारा उपयोग की जाने वाली छह आधिकारिक भाषाओं में से एक है। इस दिवस की शुरुआत संयुक्त राष्ट्र शैक्षिक, वैज्ञानिक और सांस्कृतिक संगठन (यूनेस्को) द्वारा 2010 में की गई थी।
🍂अलेक्जेंडर पुश्किन (Aleksandr Pushkin) के जन्म दिवस पर रूसी भाषा दिवस मनाया जाता है। वह एक रूसी कवि थे और उन्हें आधुनिक रूसी साहित्य का जनक माना जाता है।
🍂संयुक्त राष्ट्र की आधिकारिक भाषाएँ अंग्रेजी, अरबी, चीनी, स्पेनिश, रूसी और फ्रेंच हैं। वे निम्नलिखित तिथियों पर मनाये जाते हैं :
🥀अरबी-दिसंबर 18
🥀अंग्रेजी-अप्रैल 23
🥀चीनी-अप्रैल 20
🥀फ्रेंच-मार्च 20
🥀रूस- 6 जून
🍁संयुक्त राष्ट्र महासभा महासचिव : एंटोनियो गुटेरेस (Antonio Guterres)
🎋रूस के राष्ट्रपति: व्लादिमीर पुतिन.
🎋रूस की राजधानी: मास्को.
🎋रूस मुद्रा: रूसी रूबल.
✍ Credit- Manpreet kaur
🍄 UN Russian Language Day
संयुक्त राष्ट्र रूसी भाषा दिवस
🍂संयुक्त राष्ट्र द्वारा हर साल 06 जून रूसी भाषा दिवस के रूप में मनाया जाता है। यह पूरे संगठन में संयुक्त राष्ट्र द्वारा उपयोग की जाने वाली छह आधिकारिक भाषाओं में से एक है। इस दिवस की शुरुआत संयुक्त राष्ट्र शैक्षिक, वैज्ञानिक और सांस्कृतिक संगठन (यूनेस्को) द्वारा 2010 में की गई थी।
🍂अलेक्जेंडर पुश्किन (Aleksandr Pushkin) के जन्म दिवस पर रूसी भाषा दिवस मनाया जाता है। वह एक रूसी कवि थे और उन्हें आधुनिक रूसी साहित्य का जनक माना जाता है।
🍂संयुक्त राष्ट्र की आधिकारिक भाषाएँ अंग्रेजी, अरबी, चीनी, स्पेनिश, रूसी और फ्रेंच हैं। वे निम्नलिखित तिथियों पर मनाये जाते हैं :
🥀अरबी-दिसंबर 18
🥀अंग्रेजी-अप्रैल 23
🥀चीनी-अप्रैल 20
🥀फ्रेंच-मार्च 20
🥀रूस- 6 जून
🍁संयुक्त राष्ट्र महासभा महासचिव : एंटोनियो गुटेरेस (Antonio Guterres)
🎋रूस के राष्ट्रपति: व्लादिमीर पुतिन.
🎋रूस की राजधानी: मास्को.
🎋रूस मुद्रा: रूसी रूबल.
✍ Credit- Manpreet kaur
🧰 महत्वपूर्ण शिक्षा आयोग
1. बुड घोषणा पत्र__1854
2. लार्ड मैकाले___1835
3. कोठारी आयोग__1964--1966
4. हण्टर आयोग (भारतीय शिक्षा नीति)_1882
5. NCERT _1961
6. SCERT_1981
7.बेसिक शिक्षा परिषद _1972
8. राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति_1986
9. जिला शिक्षा प्राथमिक संघ_1986-87
10. ऑपरेशन ब्लैक बोर्ड_1987-88
11. मिड डे मील (MDM)__1995
12. स्कूल चलो अभियान_1995-96
13. सर्व शिक्षा अभियान_2000-01
14. निशुल्क एवं अनिवार्य शिक्षा_2009
15. कस्तूरबा गांधी बालिका योजना_2004
16. राष्ट्रीय पाठ्यचर्चा रूपरेखा (NCF)_2005 (UP मैं 2011 से लागू)
17. शिक्षा अधिकार अधिनियम _2009 (लागू 1 अप्रैल 2010 )
18. इंदिरा गांधी मुक्त विश्वविद्यालय_1985 दिल्ली
19. राज्य शिक्षा संस्थान _1964 इलाहाबाद
20. सर्वपल्ली आयोग__1948||
1. बुड घोषणा पत्र__1854
2. लार्ड मैकाले___1835
3. कोठारी आयोग__1964--1966
4. हण्टर आयोग (भारतीय शिक्षा नीति)_1882
5. NCERT _1961
6. SCERT_1981
7.बेसिक शिक्षा परिषद _1972
8. राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति_1986
9. जिला शिक्षा प्राथमिक संघ_1986-87
10. ऑपरेशन ब्लैक बोर्ड_1987-88
11. मिड डे मील (MDM)__1995
12. स्कूल चलो अभियान_1995-96
13. सर्व शिक्षा अभियान_2000-01
14. निशुल्क एवं अनिवार्य शिक्षा_2009
15. कस्तूरबा गांधी बालिका योजना_2004
16. राष्ट्रीय पाठ्यचर्चा रूपरेखा (NCF)_2005 (UP मैं 2011 से लागू)
17. शिक्षा अधिकार अधिनियम _2009 (लागू 1 अप्रैल 2010 )
18. इंदिरा गांधी मुक्त विश्वविद्यालय_1985 दिल्ली
19. राज्य शिक्षा संस्थान _1964 इलाहाबाद
20. सर्वपल्ली आयोग__1948||
माइक्रोफाइनेंसिंग' शब्द का पहली बार उपयोग 1970 के दशक में बांग्लादेश के ग्रामीण बैंक के विकास के दौरान किया गया था, जिसकी स्थापना .......... द्वारा की गई थी।
Anonymous Quiz
46%
मुहम्मद यूनुस /Muhammad Yunus
25%
अल्फ्रेड मार्शल/Alfred Marshall
17%
जेरेमी बेंधम/Jeremy Bendham
12%
एडम स्मिथ/Adam Smith
Q) Recently, Maharashtra Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis has announced the development of India's first Edu City in………which will host offshore campuses of global universities.
Anonymous Quiz
40%
Navi Mumbai
30%
Nagpur
25%
Pune
5%
Latur
❤1
Q) Recently, world's largest electric-powered ship, a 130-metre (426-feet) behemoth capable of carrying 2,100 passengers has been unveiled. It is built by which of the following companies?
Anonymous Quiz
9%
Incat
30%
Benetti
51%
Herbert Woods
11%
Bayliner
Q) Recently, which of the following state government has established a 'Tourism Security Force (Paryatan Mitra)' to boost tourism and prioritise tourist safety in the State?
Anonymous Quiz
22%
Karnataka
34%
Gujarat
27%
Maharashtra
17%
Uttar Pradesh
Q) Recently, central government has extended the tenure of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) Director ………. by 1 year.
Anonymous Quiz
41%
Praveen Sood
32%
Mukul Sharma
18%
Amrit Prasad
8%
Anil Agrawal
Q) Recently, the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu has announced that ……….. will soon be officially declared as Traders'
Day in the state.
Day in the state.
Anonymous Quiz
19%
May 5
48%
May 9
20%
May 7
14%
May 10
Q) Recently, Financial Services Institutions Bureau (FSIB) has recommended who among the following for the post of Chairman-cum-Managing Director (CMD) of Oriental Insurance Company Limited (OICL)?
Anonymous Quiz
25%
M. Jagannath
30%
Rajeev Sharma
42%
Vinod Kumar Verma
2%
Sanjay Joshi
Q) Recently, which of the following countries has clinched the Badminton World Federation (BWF) Sudirman Cup title (2025)?
Anonymous Quiz
12%
Japan
27%
China
53%
South Korea
7%
Indonesia
Q) Recently, which of the following state government has launched a comprehensive initiative titled 'Jyothi' aimed at ensuring access to education for the children of migrant workers?
Anonymous Quiz
17%
Tamil Nadu
46%
Kerala
22%
Karnataka
15%
Andhra Pradesh
Q) Recently, United States President Donald Trump has claimed that China now occupies the Bagram Airfield. Bagram Airfield is associated with which of the following countries?
Anonymous Quiz
20%
Tajikistan
60%
Afghanistan
17%
Iran
3%
Syria
Q) Recently, which of the following states has emerged as India's leading textile exporter in Financial Year 2024-25 (FY25) with USD 7.99 billion?
Anonymous Quiz
17%
Tamil Nadu
51%
Maharashtra
31%
Gujarat
2%
Kerala