Cabinet Approvals on April 09,

2025 On April 09 2025, the Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi has approved the following proposals/schemes:

✓ Approved Rs 1,600 crore new sub-scheme named ‘Modernisation of Command Area Development and Water Management (M-CADWM)’ under the Pradhan MantriKrishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) for the period 2025-2026.

✓ Approved the construction of 6-lane access controlled Zirakpur Bypass in the state of Punjab and Haryana on Hybrid Annuity Mode (HAM).

✓ Approved the doubling of 104 kilometre(km)- long Tirupati-Pakala-Katpadi single railway line section in Andhra Pradesh (AP) and Tamil Nadu (TN) with an estimated cost of Rs 1,332 crore.

❇️ 18 May

🔴 International Museum Day
अंतरराष्ट्रीय संग्रहालय दिवस 

Theme25: "The Future of Museums in Rapidly Changing Communities"

🏛 To raise awareness about the role of museums in society & their contribution to education, cultural exchange, & heritage preservation.

🔷 International museum day was first held in 1977

🟢 NEWS
🔷PM Narendra Modi Inaugurates Banjara Virasat Museum In Maharashtra

🔶Sandalwood Museum : Mysore, Karnataka

🔷India’s First Constitution Museum Inaugurated At O.P. Jindal University

🔶Vice President Dhankhar Inaugurates GSI Geoscience Museum In Gwalior

🔷Archaeological Experiential Museum Launched In Vadnagar

🔶India And France Collaborate To Establish World’s Largest Museum

🔶Arunachal Pradesh To Get Northeast’s First Fish Museum

🔷Amit Shah Inaugurates ‘Gatha Swaraj Ki’ Gallery In Scindia Museum, Gwalior

✍ Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

🏆 President Droupadi Murmu conferred the 58th Jnanpith Award on Sanskrit scholar Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Ji at Vigyan Bhavan in New Delhi today on May 16 .

❇️ 21st MAY

🧨 National Anti-terrorism Day
राष्ट्रीय आतंकवाद विरोधी दिवस

🧨 Observed across India to commemorate the death anniversary of the former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi.

🕊 He was assassinated on this day in 1991, by LTTE cadres in a suicide bombing attack at a rally at Sriperumbudur in Tamil Nadu.

🕊Rajiv Gandhi was the youngest prime minister of India when he was sworn in at 40.

🕊The Anti Terrorism Day is observed to spread the message of peace and humanity. Unity in diversity is India's greatest strength.

NOTE :
🟢 Sadbhavana Diwas is observed on 20 August every year to commemorate the birth anniversary.
〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰

❇️ 21st May
☕️ International Tea Day (5th)
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय चाय दिवस

Theme25 : “Tea for Better Lives”

🔶India - 2nd largest producer and 4th largest exporter of tea in the world!

🔶Assam - largest tea-producing state

✍ Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

🟢 Previous Chess Grandmasters of India (Most Recent First)

1. P Shyaamnikhil – 85th Grandmaster (Tamil Nadu)
2. Vaishali Rameshbabu – 84th Grandmaster (Tamil Nadu)
3. Aditya S Samant – 83rd Grandmaster (Maharashtra)
4. Vuppala Prraneeth – 82nd Grandmaster (Telangana)
5. Sayantan Das – 81st Grandmaster (West Bengal)
6. Vignesh N R – 80th Grandmaster (Tamil Nadu)

❇️ 23rd May

🐢 World Turtle Day
विश्व कछुआ दिवस

Theme25: "Dancing Turtles Rock!"

🐢To raise awareness about the importance of turtle conservation and the preservation of their natural habitats.

🐢World turtle day was founded by American Tortoise Rescue and was celebrated the first time in 2000.

🐢The Tennessee Aquarium and a variety of zoological institutions and conservation organizations have officially declared 2020 “The Year of the Turtle”

🟢FACTS ABOUT TURTLES
🐢India's 1st of its Kind Turtle Rehabilitation Center :- Bihar (Bhagalpur)

🐢The upper shell of a turtle is known as a carapace, while the lower crust is known as plastron.

🐢India Biodiversity Portal launched the 1st edition of ‘Turtle Spotting Week

🐢Newly Born Olive Ridley Turtles in the Gahirmatha coast

🐢The largest Number Nests of rare Leather Back sea Turtles were Spotted in Thailand after Almost 20 years

✍ Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

❇️ 25th May

👼International Missing Children’s Day
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय गुमशुदा बाल दिवस

💠 The day honors the dedicated professionals who work tirelessly protecting children around the country.

💠According to the Polly Klaas Foundation, 99.8 percent of children reported missing come home.

💠ICMEC HQ: Alexandria, Virginia, US

🟢 IMPORTANT OPERATION FOR MISSING PERSON & CHILDREN
💠OPERATION SMILE
🔷Muskan and Operation Milap aim to rescue missing children

💠 OPERATION MILAP
🔷 Delhi Police

💠 OPERATION SMILE
🔷 Hyderabad Police

💠 OPERATION MUSKAN
🔷Telangana Police

🟢 NEWS
🔷REC Limited Partners With UNISED To Support Education Of Children In Siddharthnagar, UP

🔶LIC Launches A Non-Participating Product ‘Amritbaal’ For Children

🔷Israeli Film ‘Children Of Nobody’ Wins Golden Bengal Tiger Award

🔶Union WCD Minister Launches ‘Anganwadi Protocol For Divyang Children’

✍ Credit- мєℓσ∂ισυѕ ριнυ 🎼

Prime Minister Narendra Modi to visit #Gujarat on 26th and 27th May

➡️PM to lay the foundation stone and inaugurate multiple development projects worth around Rs 24,000 crore in Dahod

➡️PM to lay the foundation stone and inaugurate development projects worth over Rs 53,400 crore at Bhuj

➡️PM to participate in the celebrations of 20 years of Gujarat Urban Growth Story

RRB NTPC EXAM DATE AND CITY DETAILS OUT 🔥

Check and update👇🏻

Link - https://rrb.digialm.com/EForms/configuredHtml/33015/94346/login.html

🟢 SOURCES OF INDIAN CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION

- Government of India Act, 1935:
- Service Commission
- Federal structure
- Judiciary Power Division
- Office of Governor

- United States of America:
- Fundamental Rights
- Supreme Court
- Impeachment process of Supreme Court and High Court Judges
- Independence of Judiciary and judicial review
- Preamble
- Impeachment of President
- Office of Vice-president
- Written Constitution

- Canada:
- Appointment of State Governors by Center
- Distribution of powers between centre and the states. Residuary Powers with the centre.

- Russia:
- Preamble and Fundamental Duties
- Five Year Plan

- Ireland:
- Directive Principles of State Policy
- Method of Election process of the President and Nomination of members in Rajya Sabha by the President

- Britain:
- Writs and Bicameralism
- Office of the CAG
- Cabinet system of Ministers
- Bicameral Parliamentary System
- Single Citizenship
- Rule of Law
- Legislation
- Speaker in Lok Sabha

- Japan:
- Procedures established by law (functioning of Supreme Court)

- Germany:
- Emergency provisions and suspensions of Fundamental Rights during Emergency

- Australia:
- Provision regarding Trade and Commerce
- Concurrent List
- Joint sitting of Parliament

- South Africa:
- Amendment Procedure of the Constitution
- Indirect election of members of the Rajya Sabha


✍ Credit- Manpreet kaur

🧰50th G-7 Summit
💠The first G7 summit was held in November 1975 at the Chateau de Rambouillet, a location outside of Paris.
💼The 50th G7 Summit took place from June 13 to 15, 2024, in Fasano, Apulia, Italy
🔶Host country- Italy
🔷 Venue- Apulia city
🔶Chaired by- Italian Prime Minister Giorgio Meloni.
🔷Earlier it was hosted by Hiroshima, while next year in 2025 it will be hosted by Canada.

🧰G -7
💠The Group of 24 (G-24) was established in 1971 as a chapter of the Group of 77 in order to help coordinate the positions of developing countries.
🔶 G -7 is a group of countries with the 07 largest advanced economies in the world.
🔷It was established in the year 1975.
🔶 Its member countries are- United Kingdom, United States, Japan, France, Canada, Germany and Italy.

        ✍ credit - Manpreet kaur

📮 29th May

🇺🇳 International Day of UN Peacekeepers
संयुक्त राष्ट्र शांति सैनिकों का अंतर्राष्ट्रीय दिवस

▪️Theme25 : “The Future of Peacekeeping”

▪️This day was adopted by the UN General Assembly in its resolution 57/129.

▪️The first UN peacekeeping mission was established on 29th May 1948

🏆 UN Military Gender Advocate award has been awarded to two UN peacekeepers: Commander Carla Monteiro de Castro Araujo, a Brazilian Naval officer, and Major Suman Gawani, of the Indian Army

〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰

📮World Digestive Health Day also observed on 29 May

▪️Theme 2025- "Your Digestive Health: Nourish to Flourish”

〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰

🇺🇳 UNITED NATIONS (UN)
▪️Founded - 24 Oct 1945
▪️HQ - New York, USA
▪️S.G - Antonio Guterres (Portugal)
▪️Deputy S.G - Amina J Mohammad (Nigeria)
▪️MC - 193

✍Credit : NEHA SHARMA🕊

🫖🪴Major Environmental Conventions

🍬 Ramsar Convention
It is called the Convention on Wetlands.
It was adopted in 1971 in the city of ‘Ramsar’ in Iran.
Enforced in 1975.

 🍬 Bonn Convention
It is a convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals.
It was adopted in 1979.
Enforced in 1983.

 🍬 Vienna Convention
Related to the protection of the ozone layer.
Adopted in 1985.
Enforced in 1988.

 🍬 Montreal Protocol
An international environmental protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer.
Adopted in 1987.
Enforced in 1989.

 🍬Basel Convention
Related to the control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal.
Adopted in 1989.
Enforced in 1992.

🍬  Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
Related to conservation of biodiversity.
Adopted in 1992.
Enforced in 1993.

🍬Rotterdam Convention
Related to prior informed consent procedure for certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade.
Adopted in 1998.
Enforced in 2004.

🍬 Kigali Convention
Related to ozone depletion (Amendment to the Montreal Protocol).
Adopted in 2016.
Enforced in 2019.

🍬Cartagena Protocol
It is an international environmental protocol on biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Adopted in 2000.
Enforced in 2003.

🍬Stockholm Convention
Related to Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).
Adopted in 2001 at Geneva, Switzerland.
Enforced in 2004.

🍬Nagoya Protocol
Related to access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization (ABS)
Adopted in 2010. Enforced in 2014.

🍬Kyoto Protocol
Related to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Adopted in 1997.
Enforced in 2005.

  🍬Minamata Convention
To protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of mercury.
Adopted in 2013.
Enforced in 2017.

✍ credit - Manpreet kaur

🔷Important books and their authors..
[Important for upcoming exams]

🔶Godan - Munshi Premchand
🔶Malgudi Days - R. Of. Narayan
🔶 Ashtadhyayi - Panini
🔶Indica - Megasthenes
🔶Rajatarangini - Kalhan
🔶Speed ​​Post - Sobha-Day
🔶Ain-e-Akbari - Abul Fazl
🔶Divine Life - Sivananda
🔶 Eternal India - Indira Gandhi
🔶 My Tooth - Indira Gandhi
🔶Milindapanho - Nagsen
🔶Shahnama - Firdausi
🔶Baburnama Babur
🔶Arthashastra - Chanakya
🔶Humayunnama - Gulbadan Begum
🔶Vinay Patrika - Tulsidas
🔶Geet Govind - Jaydev
🔶Buddhacharitam - Asvaghosha
🔶Young India - Mahatma Gandhi
🔶Akbarnama - Abul Fazl
🔶 Poetry Mimamsa - Rajasekhar
🔶Harshacharita - Vanabhatta
🔶Satyarth-Prakash - Dayanand Saraswati
🔶Meghdoot - Kalidas
🔶Mudrarakshasa - Visakhadatta
🔶Hitopadesh - Narayan Pandit
🔶Andhvishwas - Sagarika Ghosh
🔶Guide - RK Narayan
🔶A Suitable By - Vikram Seth
🔶Life Divine - Arvind Ghosh

✍ Credit - Manpreet kaur

🧮 International Organization Head-Quarter

🔶IAAF - International Association of Athletic Federation
🔷Monaco

🔶IAEA - International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna,
🔷Austria

🔶 IBM - International Business Machine
🔷 New York, USA

🔶ICAO - International Civil Aviation Organization
🔷Montreal, Canada

🔶ICC - International Cricket Council
🔷Dubai, UAE

🔶 ICJ - International Court of Justice
🔷Hague, Netherlands

🔶ICRC - International Committee of the Red Cross
🔷Geneva, Switzerland

🔶IEA - International Energy Agency
🔷Paris, France

🔶 ILO - International Labour Organization
🔷 Geneva, Switzerland

🔶IMF - International Monetary Fund
🔷Washington, USA

🔶 IMO - International Maritime Organization
🔷 London, UK

🔶INTERPOL - International Criminal Police Org.
🔷Lyon, France

🔶IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
🔷Geneva, Switzerland

🔶ISA - International Solar Alliance
🔷Haryana, India

🔶ISSF - International Shooting Sport Federation
🔷Munich, Germany

🔶 NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration
🔷Washington, USA

✍ Credit - Manpreet kaur

💠Conference

▪️प्रथम गोलमेज सम्मलेन -
12 नवम्बर, 1930 से 19 जनवरी, 1931

▪️ द्वितीय गोलमेज सम्मलेन -
7 सितंबर से 1 दिसंबर, 1931

▪️ तृतीय गोलमेज सम्मलेन -
17 नवम्बर से 24 दिसंबर, 1932

▪️गांधी-इरविन समझौता
- 5 मार्च, 1931
 - गांधी जी व इरविन के मध्य।

▪️ पूना समझौता -
   - 25 सितम्बर, 1932
   -  गांधी जी व अम्बेडकर जी के मध्य।

▪️First Round Table Conference -
12 November, 1930 to 19 January, 1931

▪️Second Round Table Conference -
7 September to 1 December, 1931

▪️Third Round Table Conference -
17 November to 24 December, 1932

▪️Gandhi-Irwin Pact
- 5 March, 1931
- Between Gandhiji and Irwin.

▪️Poona Pact -
- 25 September, 1932
- Between Gandhiji and Ambedkarji.

❇️ 2 JUNE 2024

🏰 Telangana Formation Day (10th)
तेलंगाना स्थापना दिवस

💎K Chandrasekhar Rao : 1st CM of State

🟢 FACTs
🔷Capital-Hyderabad
🔶Formation - 2 June 2014
🔷CM- Anumula Revanth Reddy,
🔶Governor- C.P. Radhakrishnan
🔷D/L/R - 33/17/7
🔶State Animal - Chital
🔷State Flower - Senna Auriculata
🔶State Bird - Indian roller
🔷State Tree -Jand

🟢BORDER STATES
Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh

🌴 NATIONAL PARK
Kasu Brahmananda Reddy, Mahavir Harina Vanasthali, Mrugavani

🦥WILD LIFE SANCTURY
Kawal, Ethurnagaram, Kinnerasani
Manjira Crocodile, Pakhal, Shivaram, Pranahita

✈️AIRPORT
Rajiv Gandhi & Begumpet Airport

🎊FESTIVALS
Bathukamma, Bonalu, Samakka Saarakka Jaathara, Peerla Panduga

🏟STADIUM
Lal Bahadur Shastri, Hyd.
Rajiv Gandhi International, Hyd.

🌊LAKES
Bhadrakali, Durgam Cheruvu, Himayat Sagar, Hussain Sagar, Pakhal

🐅TIGER RESERVE
Kawal, Amarabad

🌊DAMS
Mid Manair, Singur, Sripada

💃🏻DANCE
Perini Sivatandavam, Oggu Katha

✍Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

🔶BRIEF ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL CONVENTIONS { Part-2}

🪴 Bonn Convention
• Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals.
• Adopted in 1979.
• In force since 1983.

🪴 Vienna Convention
• Protection of the Ozone Layer.
• Adopted in 1985.
• In force since 1988.

🪴 Montreal Protocol
• Focus: Substances depleting the Ozone Layer.
• Adopted in 1987.
• In force since 1989.

🪴 Kyoto Protocol
• Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
• Adopted in 1997.
• In force since 2005.

🪴 UNFCCC
• Governs actions to combat Climate Change (GHG emissions).
• Adopted in 1992.
• In force since 1994.

✍ Credit- Manpreet kaur { Pihu }