First-Ever PAI Baseline Report for FY23: Gujarat and Telangana Lead as Front Runners

In April 2025, the Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR)
launched the first-ever ‘Panchayat Advancement
Index (PAI) baseline report’ for the Financial Year 2022-23 (FY23) toward localizing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

✓ This transformative tool evaluates the performance of over 2.5 lakh Gram Panchayats (GPs) across India using a comprehensive, evidence-based framework aligned with the SDG 2030 Agenda.

✓ Based on the PAI and thematic scores achieved by different GPs, these GPs are grouped into one of the categories of performance: Achiever (90 and above), Front Runner (75 to below 90), Performer (60 to below 75), Aspirant (40 to below 60) and Beginners (below 40).

Cabinet Approvals on April 09,

2025 On April 09 2025, the Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi has approved the following proposals/schemes:

✓ Approved Rs 1,600 crore new sub-scheme named ‘Modernisation of Command Area Development and Water Management (M-CADWM)’ under the Pradhan MantriKrishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) for the period 2025-2026.

✓ Approved the construction of 6-lane access controlled Zirakpur Bypass in the state of Punjab and Haryana on Hybrid Annuity Mode (HAM).

✓ Approved the doubling of 104 kilometre(km)- long Tirupati-Pakala-Katpadi single railway line section in Andhra Pradesh (AP) and Tamil Nadu (TN) with an estimated cost of Rs 1,332 crore.

❇️ 18 May

🔴 International Museum Day
अंतरराष्ट्रीय संग्रहालय दिवस 

Theme25: "The Future of Museums in Rapidly Changing Communities"

🏛 To raise awareness about the role of museums in society & their contribution to education, cultural exchange, & heritage preservation.

🔷 International museum day was first held in 1977

🟢 NEWS
🔷PM Narendra Modi Inaugurates Banjara Virasat Museum In Maharashtra

🔶Sandalwood Museum : Mysore, Karnataka

🔷India’s First Constitution Museum Inaugurated At O.P. Jindal University

🔶Vice President Dhankhar Inaugurates GSI Geoscience Museum In Gwalior

🔷Archaeological Experiential Museum Launched In Vadnagar

🔶India And France Collaborate To Establish World’s Largest Museum

🔶Arunachal Pradesh To Get Northeast’s First Fish Museum

🔷Amit Shah Inaugurates ‘Gatha Swaraj Ki’ Gallery In Scindia Museum, Gwalior

✍ Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

🏆 President Droupadi Murmu conferred the 58th Jnanpith Award on Sanskrit scholar Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Ji at Vigyan Bhavan in New Delhi today on May 16 .

❇️ 21st MAY

🧨 National Anti-terrorism Day
राष्ट्रीय आतंकवाद विरोधी दिवस

🧨 Observed across India to commemorate the death anniversary of the former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi.

🕊 He was assassinated on this day in 1991, by LTTE cadres in a suicide bombing attack at a rally at Sriperumbudur in Tamil Nadu.

🕊Rajiv Gandhi was the youngest prime minister of India when he was sworn in at 40.

🕊The Anti Terrorism Day is observed to spread the message of peace and humanity. Unity in diversity is India's greatest strength.

NOTE :
🟢 Sadbhavana Diwas is observed on 20 August every year to commemorate the birth anniversary.
〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰

❇️ 21st May
☕️ International Tea Day (5th)
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय चाय दिवस

Theme25 : “Tea for Better Lives”

🔶India - 2nd largest producer and 4th largest exporter of tea in the world!

🔶Assam - largest tea-producing state

✍ Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

🟢 Previous Chess Grandmasters of India (Most Recent First)

1. P Shyaamnikhil – 85th Grandmaster (Tamil Nadu)
2. Vaishali Rameshbabu – 84th Grandmaster (Tamil Nadu)
3. Aditya S Samant – 83rd Grandmaster (Maharashtra)
4. Vuppala Prraneeth – 82nd Grandmaster (Telangana)
5. Sayantan Das – 81st Grandmaster (West Bengal)
6. Vignesh N R – 80th Grandmaster (Tamil Nadu)

❇️ 23rd May

🐢 World Turtle Day
विश्व कछुआ दिवस

Theme25: "Dancing Turtles Rock!"

🐢To raise awareness about the importance of turtle conservation and the preservation of their natural habitats.

🐢World turtle day was founded by American Tortoise Rescue and was celebrated the first time in 2000.

🐢The Tennessee Aquarium and a variety of zoological institutions and conservation organizations have officially declared 2020 “The Year of the Turtle”

🟢FACTS ABOUT TURTLES
🐢India's 1st of its Kind Turtle Rehabilitation Center :- Bihar (Bhagalpur)

🐢The upper shell of a turtle is known as a carapace, while the lower crust is known as plastron.

🐢India Biodiversity Portal launched the 1st edition of ‘Turtle Spotting Week

🐢Newly Born Olive Ridley Turtles in the Gahirmatha coast

🐢The largest Number Nests of rare Leather Back sea Turtles were Spotted in Thailand after Almost 20 years

✍ Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

❇️ 25th May

👼International Missing Children’s Day
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय गुमशुदा बाल दिवस

💠 The day honors the dedicated professionals who work tirelessly protecting children around the country.

💠According to the Polly Klaas Foundation, 99.8 percent of children reported missing come home.

💠ICMEC HQ: Alexandria, Virginia, US

🟢 IMPORTANT OPERATION FOR MISSING PERSON & CHILDREN
💠OPERATION SMILE
🔷Muskan and Operation Milap aim to rescue missing children

💠 OPERATION MILAP
🔷 Delhi Police

💠 OPERATION SMILE
🔷 Hyderabad Police

💠 OPERATION MUSKAN
🔷Telangana Police

🟢 NEWS
🔷REC Limited Partners With UNISED To Support Education Of Children In Siddharthnagar, UP

🔶LIC Launches A Non-Participating Product ‘Amritbaal’ For Children

🔷Israeli Film ‘Children Of Nobody’ Wins Golden Bengal Tiger Award

🔶Union WCD Minister Launches ‘Anganwadi Protocol For Divyang Children’

✍ Credit- мєℓσ∂ισυѕ ριнυ 🎼

Prime Minister Narendra Modi to visit #Gujarat on 26th and 27th May

➡️PM to lay the foundation stone and inaugurate multiple development projects worth around Rs 24,000 crore in Dahod

➡️PM to lay the foundation stone and inaugurate development projects worth over Rs 53,400 crore at Bhuj

➡️PM to participate in the celebrations of 20 years of Gujarat Urban Growth Story

RRB NTPC EXAM DATE AND CITY DETAILS OUT 🔥

Check and update👇🏻

Link - https://rrb.digialm.com/EForms/configuredHtml/33015/94346/login.html

🟢 SOURCES OF INDIAN CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION

- Government of India Act, 1935:
- Service Commission
- Federal structure
- Judiciary Power Division
- Office of Governor

- United States of America:
- Fundamental Rights
- Supreme Court
- Impeachment process of Supreme Court and High Court Judges
- Independence of Judiciary and judicial review
- Preamble
- Impeachment of President
- Office of Vice-president
- Written Constitution

- Canada:
- Appointment of State Governors by Center
- Distribution of powers between centre and the states. Residuary Powers with the centre.

- Russia:
- Preamble and Fundamental Duties
- Five Year Plan

- Ireland:
- Directive Principles of State Policy
- Method of Election process of the President and Nomination of members in Rajya Sabha by the President

- Britain:
- Writs and Bicameralism
- Office of the CAG
- Cabinet system of Ministers
- Bicameral Parliamentary System
- Single Citizenship
- Rule of Law
- Legislation
- Speaker in Lok Sabha

- Japan:
- Procedures established by law (functioning of Supreme Court)

- Germany:
- Emergency provisions and suspensions of Fundamental Rights during Emergency

- Australia:
- Provision regarding Trade and Commerce
- Concurrent List
- Joint sitting of Parliament

- South Africa:
- Amendment Procedure of the Constitution
- Indirect election of members of the Rajya Sabha


✍ Credit- Manpreet kaur

🧰50th G-7 Summit
💠The first G7 summit was held in November 1975 at the Chateau de Rambouillet, a location outside of Paris.
💼The 50th G7 Summit took place from June 13 to 15, 2024, in Fasano, Apulia, Italy
🔶Host country- Italy
🔷 Venue- Apulia city
🔶Chaired by- Italian Prime Minister Giorgio Meloni.
🔷Earlier it was hosted by Hiroshima, while next year in 2025 it will be hosted by Canada.

🧰G -7
💠The Group of 24 (G-24) was established in 1971 as a chapter of the Group of 77 in order to help coordinate the positions of developing countries.
🔶 G -7 is a group of countries with the 07 largest advanced economies in the world.
🔷It was established in the year 1975.
🔶 Its member countries are- United Kingdom, United States, Japan, France, Canada, Germany and Italy.

        ✍ credit - Manpreet kaur

📮 29th May

🇺🇳 International Day of UN Peacekeepers
संयुक्त राष्ट्र शांति सैनिकों का अंतर्राष्ट्रीय दिवस

▪️Theme25 : “The Future of Peacekeeping”

▪️This day was adopted by the UN General Assembly in its resolution 57/129.

▪️The first UN peacekeeping mission was established on 29th May 1948

🏆 UN Military Gender Advocate award has been awarded to two UN peacekeepers: Commander Carla Monteiro de Castro Araujo, a Brazilian Naval officer, and Major Suman Gawani, of the Indian Army

〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰

📮World Digestive Health Day also observed on 29 May

▪️Theme 2025- "Your Digestive Health: Nourish to Flourish”

〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰

🇺🇳 UNITED NATIONS (UN)
▪️Founded - 24 Oct 1945
▪️HQ - New York, USA
▪️S.G - Antonio Guterres (Portugal)
▪️Deputy S.G - Amina J Mohammad (Nigeria)
▪️MC - 193

✍Credit : NEHA SHARMA🕊

🫖🪴Major Environmental Conventions

🍬 Ramsar Convention
It is called the Convention on Wetlands.
It was adopted in 1971 in the city of ‘Ramsar’ in Iran.
Enforced in 1975.

 🍬 Bonn Convention
It is a convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals.
It was adopted in 1979.
Enforced in 1983.

 🍬 Vienna Convention
Related to the protection of the ozone layer.
Adopted in 1985.
Enforced in 1988.

 🍬 Montreal Protocol
An international environmental protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer.
Adopted in 1987.
Enforced in 1989.

 🍬Basel Convention
Related to the control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal.
Adopted in 1989.
Enforced in 1992.

🍬  Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
Related to conservation of biodiversity.
Adopted in 1992.
Enforced in 1993.

🍬Rotterdam Convention
Related to prior informed consent procedure for certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade.
Adopted in 1998.
Enforced in 2004.

🍬 Kigali Convention
Related to ozone depletion (Amendment to the Montreal Protocol).
Adopted in 2016.
Enforced in 2019.

🍬Cartagena Protocol
It is an international environmental protocol on biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Adopted in 2000.
Enforced in 2003.

🍬Stockholm Convention
Related to Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).
Adopted in 2001 at Geneva, Switzerland.
Enforced in 2004.

🍬Nagoya Protocol
Related to access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization (ABS)
Adopted in 2010. Enforced in 2014.

🍬Kyoto Protocol
Related to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Adopted in 1997.
Enforced in 2005.

  🍬Minamata Convention
To protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of mercury.
Adopted in 2013.
Enforced in 2017.

✍ credit - Manpreet kaur

🔷Important books and their authors..
[Important for upcoming exams]

🔶Godan - Munshi Premchand
🔶Malgudi Days - R. Of. Narayan
🔶 Ashtadhyayi - Panini
🔶Indica - Megasthenes
🔶Rajatarangini - Kalhan
🔶Speed ​​Post - Sobha-Day
🔶Ain-e-Akbari - Abul Fazl
🔶Divine Life - Sivananda
🔶 Eternal India - Indira Gandhi
🔶 My Tooth - Indira Gandhi
🔶Milindapanho - Nagsen
🔶Shahnama - Firdausi
🔶Baburnama Babur
🔶Arthashastra - Chanakya
🔶Humayunnama - Gulbadan Begum
🔶Vinay Patrika - Tulsidas
🔶Geet Govind - Jaydev
🔶Buddhacharitam - Asvaghosha
🔶Young India - Mahatma Gandhi
🔶Akbarnama - Abul Fazl
🔶 Poetry Mimamsa - Rajasekhar
🔶Harshacharita - Vanabhatta
🔶Satyarth-Prakash - Dayanand Saraswati
🔶Meghdoot - Kalidas
🔶Mudrarakshasa - Visakhadatta
🔶Hitopadesh - Narayan Pandit
🔶Andhvishwas - Sagarika Ghosh
🔶Guide - RK Narayan
🔶A Suitable By - Vikram Seth
🔶Life Divine - Arvind Ghosh

✍ Credit - Manpreet kaur