🤟 26 APRIL

♦️World Intellectual Property Day
विश्व बौद्धिक संपदा दिवस

Theme25 : "IP and Music: Feel the Beat of IP"

🔷International Intellectual Property (IP) Index 2024 (12th Edition) - "India ranks 42nd among 55 leading global economies"
🔷Top - United States
🔷Released by the U.S. Chambers of Commerce

🏢 World Intellectual Property Organization ( WIPO )
🔸Founded - 1967
🔸HQ - Geneva Switzerland
🔸Director General : Daren Tang
🔸Member Countries : 193

✍Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

🟢 SIMLA AGREEMENT, 1972

The Simla Agreement, also spelled Shimla Agreement, was a peace treaty signed between India and Pakistan on 2 July 1972 in Shimla, the capital of Himachal Pradesh.

🔶 Why in News?
Pakistan suspended the Simla Agreement in reaction to measures taken by India following the terrorist attack in Pahalgam.

🔷 Key Facts
- When: 2nd July 1972, post the Indo-Pak War of 1971.
- Between Whom: Indira Gandhi (India) and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (Pakistan).
- Objectives: Establish peace and resolve disputes through bilateral dialogue only.

🔶 Key Provisions
1. Respect for Territorial Integrity: Both countries to honor each other's sovereignty.
2. Bilateral Resolution of Issues: All issues, including Kashmir, to be solved through bilateral talks.
3. Ceasefire Line to Line of Control (LoC): Post-war, the Ceasefire Line was re-designated as the LoC.
4. Restoration of Ties:
- Resume diplomatic relations, trade, communications, and people-to-people contact.
5. Release of Prisoners of War: India agreed to release 93,000 Pakistani war prisoners.

India’s decision on Indus casts shadow on renewal of India-Bangladesh Ganga Water Treaty: Bangladesh water expert

✓ “Renewal of the Ganga treaty will come up next year but if India continues to hold the Indus Waters Treaty in abeyance then it will create doubts about India’s willingness on sharing of river waters with Bangladesh”

✓ India’s decision to hold the Indus Waters Treaty with Pakistan ‘in abeyance’ has proved that India will not hesitate to use water as a “weapon” in case political relations with common riparian neighbours nosedive, a leading water expert of Bangladesh has remarked.

✅ Expected Exam Dates

Monthly Strategy Session – April 2025
Expected Exam Date
01 May onwards – RRB ALP-II
05 May – SBI PO Mains
05 May – PNB SO
05 May – TMB Bank
08 May onwards – GDC (MH)
11 May – HDFC Bank
13 May onwards – BMC (MH)
17 May – BOI SO
20 May onwards – NVS
06 June – MIDC (MH)
08/22 June – IDBI JAM
08 June onwards – CIDCO
09 June onwards – RRB NTPC (Grad)
11 June onwards – KDMC
16 June onwards – NMMC
05 July / 10 Aug – LIC AAO

❇️ 29th April 2025 (43rd Edition )

💃 INTERNATIONAL DANCE DAY
अंतरराष्ट्रीय नृत्य दिवस

💃 Celebrated first time in the year 1982.

🕺 The day celebrates the value and importance of the dance & encourages participation & education in this art form through events and festivals. The day 29 April has been chosen as it marks the birth anniversary of Jean-Georges Noverre (1727–1810), who is known as the creator of modern ballet.

🔶 Classical Dance Form of India
Bharatnatyam - TN
Kuchipudi - AP
Kathak - UP
Bihu - Assam
Odissi - Odisa
Manipuri - Manipur
Mohiniyattam & Kathakali - Kerala

🟢NEWS
🔶Ram Sahay Pandey Folk Dancer Passed Away

🔷37th Kathak Mahotsav 2025 at New Delhi

🔶51st Khajuraho Dance Festival 2025 at Madhya Pradesh.

🔷Legendary Odissi Dancer Mayadhar Raut Passes Away At 92

🔶Sikkim’s Kagyed Dance Festival

📌International Theatre Institute (ITI)
▪️Founded -1948
▪️Hq - Paris, France

✍Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

❇️ 30 APRIL

♦️Ayushman Bharat Diwas
आयुष्मान भारत दिवस

♦️Narendra Modi has launched the scheme on April 14, 2018 at Bijapur, Chhattisgarh

♦️Scheme has the benefit cover of Rs. 5 lakh per family per year 

🔷 Sponsored : Ayushman Bharat -National Health Protection Mission

🔶 First time, the day was observed on 30th April 2018

🔶 AYUSHMAN BHARAT CEO : Dr. Indu Bhushan

🟢 NEWS
🔶Uttar Pradesh Leads In Issuing 5 Crore Ayushman Cards Under Ayushman Bharat PMJAY

🔷Government To Include ASHA And Anganwadi Workers/Helpers In Ayushman Bharat Scheme

🔶Rajasthan Seeks Integration Of Chiranjeevi Scheme With Ayushman Bharat

🔷Center Renames Ayushman Bharat Health And Wellness Centers To Ayushman Arogya Mandir

🔶President Droupadi Murmu Virtually Launches Ayushman Bhav Campaign For Universal Health Coverage

🔷Govt To Combine CGHS With Ayushman Bharat

🔶J&K Awarded 1st Prize In Category For Ayushman Bharat Health Account ID Generation

✍Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

❇️ 01 MAY

🔴 International Labour Day
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मजदूर दिवस

Theme25 : "Social justice and decent work"

🔷 It is also known as International Worker’s Day and May Day.

🔷 Labour Day is a day that unites workers together and the day aims to pay tribute to workers’ sacrifices in achieving economic and social rights all over the world.

🔷 India's first Labour day was celebrated in 1923 in Chennai.

🟢 RECENT IN NEWS
🔺Labour Minister Launches New Features On EShram Portal For Migrant Workers’ Welfare

🔺CAG GC Murmu Selected As External Auditor Of International Labour Organization

🔺2020-21: Female Labour Participation Increased To 25.1%

🔺Ministry Of Labour & Employment Launches E-Shram Portal

🔺India’s 1st Labour Movement Museum To Be Set Up In Kerala

🔷 May 1 is also Maharashtra Day & Gujarat Day

🏢 Ministry of Labour & Employment + MoEFCC
▪️ Shri Bhupendra Singh Yadav
▪️ Constituency : RSMP - Rajasthan

✍Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

✅️ Daily The Hindu Vocabulary 01 May 2025

1. PENURY (NOUN): (दरिद्रता): Extreme Poverty
Synonyms: Impoverishment, Indigence
Antonyms: Wealth
Example Sentence:
He soon rose from penury to ease, and married a painter's beautiful daughter.

2. ABRUPT (ADJECTIVE): (आकस्मिक): Sudden
Synonyms: Immediate, Instantaneous
Antonyms: Gradual
Example Sentence:
I was surprised by the abrupt change of subject.

3. FEASIBLE (ADJECTIVE): (संभव): Practicable
Synonyms: Practical Workable
Antonyms: Impractical
Example Sentence:
It is not feasible to put most finds from excavations on public display.

4. DISMISS (VERB): (ख़ारिज करना): Banish
Synonyms: Set aside, Abandon
Antonyms: Entertain
Example Sentence:
He suspected a double meaning in her words, but dismissed the thought.

5. NORM (NOUN): (मानक): Standard
Synonyms: Usual, Normal
Antonyms: The exception
Example Sentence:
Women used to stay at home to take care of the children, but that's not norm.

6. JUDICIAL (ADJECTIVE): (न्यायिक): Legal
Synonyms: Judiciary, Juridical
Antonyms: Illegal
Example Sentence:
A judicial inquiry was required.

7. SUMMON (VERB): (बुला भेजना): Send for
Synonyms: Call for, Ask for
Antonyms: Discharge
Example Sentence:
A waiter was immidiately summoned.

8. INDUCE (VERB): (मनाना): Persuade
Synonyms: Convince, Prompt
Antonyms: Dissuade
Example Sentence:
The pickets induced workers to stay away.

9. MANIFOLD (ADJECTIVE): (अनेक): Many
Synonyms: Numerous, Multiple
Antonyms: Few
Example Sentence:
The implications of this decision were manifold.

10. PERILOUS (ADJECTIVE): (जोखिम का): Dangerous
Synonyms:Hazardous, Risky
Antonyms: Safe
Example Sentence:
We had to be a part of a perilous journey.

Ꭻᴏɪɴ🔥 ⃝➥ @EnglishquizzClub
Ꭻᴏɪɴ🔥 ⃝➥ @english_mcq

🟢 SOURCES OF INDIAN CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION

- Government of India Act, 1935:
- Service Commission
- Federal structure
- Judiciary Power Division
- Office of Governor

- United States of America:
- Fundamental Rights
- Supreme Court
- Impeachment process of Supreme Court and High Court Judges
- Independence of Judiciary and judicial review
- Preamble
- Impeachment of President
- Office of Vice-president
- Written Constitution

- Canada:
- Appointment of State Governors by Center
- Distribution of powers between centre and the states. Residuary Powers with the centre.

- Russia:
- Preamble and Fundamental Duties
- Five Year Plan

- Ireland:
- Directive Principles of State Policy
- Method of Election process of the President and Nomination of members in Rajya Sabha by the President

- Britain:
- Writs and Bicameralism
- Office of the CAG
- Cabinet system of Ministers
- Bicameral Parliamentary System
- Single Citizenship
- Rule of Law
- Legislation
- Speaker in Lok Sabha

- Japan:
- Procedures established by law (functioning of Supreme Court)

- Germany:
- Emergency provisions and suspensions of Fundamental Rights during Emergency

- Australia:
- Provision regarding Trade and Commerce
- Concurrent List
- Joint sitting of Parliament

- South Africa:
- Amendment Procedure of the Constitution
- Indirect election of members of the Rajya Sabha


✍ Credit- Manpreet kaur

💿Non Performing Assets (NPA)💿

NPAs refer to loans which are in risk of default. Reserve Bank of India (RBI) defines NPAs as below:

AN ASSET, INCLUDING A LEASED ASSET, BECOMES NON­-PERFORMING WHEN IT CEASES TO GENERATE INCOME FOR THE BANK.

As per guidelines issued by the RBI, banks classify an account as NPA only if the interest due and charged on that account during any quarter is not serviced fully within 90 days from the end of the quarter.

Conditions to become NPA
An asset becomes NPA when it ceases to generate income for the bank –

➖Term Loan – Interest and/or installment of principal amount remain overdue for more than 90 days
➖Overdraft / Cash Credit – The account remains ‘out of order’ for 90 days
➖Bill – The bill remains overdue for more than 90 days in the case of bills purchased and discounted
➖Short duration crops – The installment of principal or interest remains overdue for 2 crop seasons
➖Long duration crops – The installment of principal or interest remains overdue for 1 crop season
➖Securitisation transaction – The amount of liquidity facility outstanding for more than 90 days
➖Derivative transaction – The overdue receivables representing positive mark-to-market value of a derivative contract, if these remain unpaid for 90 days from the specified due date for payment.

Basis of Classification of Non Performing Asset (NPA)
Banks are required to classify NPAs into the following 3 categories based on how long do they remain non-performing.

The three categories are – Substandard Assets, Doubtful Assets and Loss Assets.

♦️ Substandard Assets – If an account remains as NPA for a period less than or equal to 12 months

♦️ Doubtful Assets – An asset would be classified as doubtful if it has remained in the substandard category for 12 months.

♦️ Loss Asset – A loss Asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank’s internal or external auditors or upon an RBI inspection.

Example of NPA
We suppose that a party was disbursed a loan on January 1, 2010. Its due date is June 1, 2010. But the party does not make a payment. So
♦️ It will be an Standard Asset from January 1, 2010 till June 1, 2010 (Due Date)
♦️ It will be a Special Mention Account From June 2, 2010 till August 29, 2010 (90 days)
♦️ It will be Sub-standard from August 30, 2010 till August 29, 2011
♦️ It will be doubtful from August 30, 2011 till August 29, 2012
♦️ It may remain doubtful Asset for a period of 3 years, beginning from 12 months of being an NPA, but once the auditors identify it as a loss, it will be assigned a loss asset; however, the period may be anything above 3 years

⚪MoRD Hosts Webinar & Launches Key
Initiatives to Accelerate Rural Women
Empowerment⚪

In April 2025, the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) organized a webinar involving Lakhpati Didis and representatives from the State Rural Livelihood Missions (SRLMs) as part of the post-budget consultation series.

✓ MoRD launched the Entrepreneurship Planning Digital Tool (EPDT), developed by an Operating System, LoKOS, to support aspiring Lakhpati Didis.

✓ In April 2025, the MoRD approved major road and bridge infrastructure projects in Tripura
and Odisha under the Connectivity component
of the Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya
Maha Abhiyan (PM-JANMAN).

✓ In April 2025, the MoRD approved new
infrastructure projects under Pradhan Mantri
Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)-III to enhance
rural connectivity and economic development in Manipur, Mizoram, Himachal Pradesh (HP),
and Uttarakhand.

❇️ 3rd MAY

♦️World Press Freedom Day
विश्व प्रेस स्वतंत्रता दिवस

Theme25 : - "Freedom of Expression"

🔷 To spread awareness about the importance of Freedom of the Press in functioning, information providing, its significance and to awaken the government of its duty to uphold and respect the right to freedom of expression.

🔷 Article 19 of Constitution of India and Right to Freedom

🔷 Media: Fourth Pillar of Democracy is coined by Thomas Caryle

🔷 R Goenka Excellence In Journalism Awards Announced

🔷 Awards related to Journalism
•Pulitzer Prize
•The Hillman Prize
•Chameli Devi Jain Award

♦️World Press Freedom Index 2023
🔷 TOP : Norway
🔷 INDIA : 161

❇️ Don't Confused ❇️
💥 16 Nov - National Press day
💥 29 Jan - National Newspaper Day

🏛 United Nations Educational Scientific And Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)
🔹Founded - 4 Nov 1946
🔹HQ - Paris France
🔹DG - Audrey Azouley
🔹MC -193

✍Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

✅️ Daily The Hindu Vocabulary 03 May 2025.

1. INFECTIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (सम्मोहक): Irresistible
Synonyms: Compelling, Contagious
Antonyms: Resistible
Example Sentence:
Her laughter grabs everyone’s attention as it is loud and infectious.

2. AGGRESSIVE (ADJECTIVE): (मुखर): Assertive
Synonyms: Forceful, Competitive
Antonyms: Submissive
Example Sentence:
We needed more growth to pursue our aggressive acquisition strategy.

3. MORATORIUM (NOUN): (रोक): Embargo
Synonyms: Ban, Prohibition
Antonyms: Renewal
Example Sentence:
A moratorium was decided on the use of drift nets.

4. PROMULGATE (VERB): (घोषणा करना): Publicize
Synonyms: Spread, Communicate
Antonyms: Conceal
Example Sentence:
These objectives have to be promulgated within the organization.

5. INSIGHT (NOUN): (अंतर्ज्ञान):Intuition
Synonyms: Perception, Awareness
Antonyms: Obtuseness
Example Sentence:
His mind rose to previously unattainable heights of insight.

6. DIVERSE (ADJECTIVE): (विविध): Various
Synonyms:Many, Sundry
Antonyms: Similar
Example Sentence:
India has a huge culturally diverse population.

7. MASSIVE (ADJECTIVE): (विशाल): Huge
Synonyms: Enormous, Gigantic
Antonyms: Tiny
Example Sentence:
I saw a massive rampart of stone.

8. UNDERSCORE (VERB): (बल देना): Highlight
Synonyms: Underline, Play up
Antonyms: Play down
Example Sentence:
The report underscored the issues.

9. SUCCUMB (VERB): (झुक जाना): Yield
Synonyms: Give in, Give way
Antonyms: Resist
Example Sentence:
We cannot merely give up and succumb to despair.

10. HIKE (VERB): (वृद्धि होना): Increase
Synonyms: Raise up, Put up
Antonyms: Lower
Example Sentence:
The government hiked up the price of milk by 40 per cent.

Ꭻᴏɪɴ🔥 ⃝➥ @EnglishquizzClub
Ꭻᴏɪɴ🔥 ⃝➥ @english_mcq

🔴MoSPI Released 26th edition of Publication
‘Women & Men in India 2024: Selected
Indicators and Data’🔴

In April 2025, the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) released the 26th edition of its publication titled ‘Women and Men in India 2024: Selected Indicators and Data’.

✓ Increase in LFPR: As per the data of the
publication, the Labour Force Participation
Rate (LFPR) in usual status for ages 15 and
above has increased from 49.8% (2017-18)
to 60.1% (2023-24).

✓ Overall, LFPR for male and female of the same group has increased to 78.8% and 41.7%, respectively in 2023-24.

✓ LFPR for male and females in urban areas
among persons aged 15 years and above
increased to 75.6% and 28.0% (2023-24),
respectively.

✓ LFPR for male and females in rural areas
among persons aged 15 years and above
increased to 80.2% and 47.6% (2023-24),
respectively.

❇️ 4 May

⛏ Coal Miners Day
कोयला खदान दिवस

🍁The annual celebration of Coal Miners Day began in 1975

🍁In 1880s New coal cutting machines were introduced.

🍁 In 1912, Steam Shovels were used in surface coal mining.

🍁 In India, coal-rich regions areJharkhand, Orissa,  Chhattisgarh, West Bengal and some central and southern parts of the country.

=•=•=•=•=•=•=•=•=•=•=•=•=•=
❇️ 4 May

🔥 International Firefighters’ Day
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय अग्निशमन दिवस

💧The symbol for International Firefighters Day is a red and blue ribbon. The color red signifies fire and the blue denotes water

🔥International Association of Fire Fighters:
♦ Founded: 1918
♦ Office location: Washington, D.C., United States

✍Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ✪

MeitY Launched 1st Digital Threat Report 2024 to Support Cyber Security in BFSI Sector

In April 2025, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) launched the 1st edition of Digital Threat Report 2024 for the Banking, Financial Services, and Insurance (BFSI) sector. The
report provides a comprehensive overview of current and emerging cyber threats and defense strategies.

✓ The report was developed by CERT-In in collaboration with New Delhi (Delhi)-based Computer Security Incident Response Teams

– Finance Sector (CSIRT-Fin) and SISA, a global forensic-driven cybersecurity solutions company for the digital payment industry.

❇️ 5th May

🤱🏻International Day of the Midwives
मध्याह्न का अंतर्राष्ट्रीय दिवस

Theme25 : “Midwives: Critical in Every Crisis” 

🤱🏻 The aim of IDM is to inform people about the crucial role that midwives play in reducing maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity, since their role in healthcare is often undermined and underappreciated.

👩🏻‍🍼It was first celebrated May 7th 1991, and has since been observed in over 50 nations around the world.

👩‍⚕2020 : International Year of the Nurse and the Midwife
▪️By : WHO

👩‍⚕ANM : Auxiliary Nurse Midwife

NOTE :
💠 12 May : International Nurses Day 
Theme 2024 : “Nurses: A Voice to Lead – Invest in Nursing and Respect Rights to Secure Global Health"

🏢 International Confederation of Midwives
President: Franka Cadee
Headquarters: Hague, Netherlands.

✍Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ✪