✅️ Daily The Hindu Vocabulary 21 April 2025

1. PALLIATIVE (ADJECTIVE): (पीड़ा हटानेवाला): Soothing
Synonyms: Alleviating, Sedative
Antonyms: Intensifying
Example Sentence:
Many old medicines are only palliative.

2. DEFER (VERB): (योग्यता स्वीकार करना): Yield
Synonyms: Submit, Give way
Antonyms: Stand up to
Example Sentence:
He deferred to Teresa's superior knowledge.

3. DISCERNIBLE (ADJECTIVE): (नमूदार): Visible
Synonyms: Detectable, Perceptible
Antonyms: Imperceptible
Example Sentence:
The scandal had no discernible effect on his career.

4. CONSUMMATE (ADJECTIVE): (उत्तम): Perfect
Synonyms: Exemplary, Supreme
Antonyms: Imperfect
Example Sentence:
She dressed with consummate elegance.

5. HURL (VERB): (वेग से फेंकना): Throw
Synonyms: Toss, Fling
Antonyms: Catch
Example Sentence:
Rioters hurled a brick through the windscreen.

6. MAVERICK (NOUN): (व्यक्तिवादी): Individualist
Synonyms: Nonconformist, Free spirit
Antonyms: Conformist
Example Sentence:
He's the maverick of the senate.

7. RESILIENT (ADJECTIVE): (स्थिति-स्थापक): Strong
Synonyms: Tough, Hardy
Antonyms: Vulnerable
Example Sentence:
Babies are generally far more resilient than new parents realize.

8. REBUT (VERB): (खंडन करना): Refute
Synonyms: Deny, Disprove
Antonyms: Confirm
Example Sentence:
He had to rebut charges of acting for the convenience of his political friends.

9. CITE (NOUN): (उद्धरण देना): Quote
Synonyms: Reproduce, Mention
Antonyms: Conceal
Example Sentence:
Authors who are highly regarded by their peers tend to be cited.

10. BOOST (VERB): (बढ़ाना): Improve
Synonyms: Raise, Uplift
Antonyms: Decrease
Example Sentence:
A range of measures boosted tourism.

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❇️ 22 April

🌏 World Earth Day
विश्व पृथ्वी दिवस

Theme25 : 'Our Planet, Our Power'

🌏 To demonstrate support for environmental protection.

🌏First held on April 22, 1970

🌍On 22nd April 2009 the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution declaring 22nd April as the “International Mother Earth Day.

🌎The founder of the Earth Day was Gaylord Nelson

🟢 FACTS
- Shape: Oblate spheroid (flattened at poles, bulged at equator).
- Diameter: Equatorial ~12,756 km, Polar ~12,714 km.
- Circumference: ~40,075 km.
- Surface Area: ~510 million sq. km (Land ~29%, Water ~71%).
- Mass: ~5.97 × 10²⁴ kg.
- Age: ~4.54 billion years.
- Gravity: 9.8 m/s².
- Axis Tilt: 23.5° (causes seasons).
- Rotation: 24 hours (West to East).
- Revolution: 365.25 days around Sun (Elliptical orbit).
- Layers: Crust, Mantle, Core.
- Atmosphere Layers: Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere.
- Satellite: Moon (~3,84,400 km away).

✍Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

✅️ Daily The Hindu Vocabulary 22 April 2025

1. EVACUATE (VERB): (ख़ाली करना): Remove
Synonyms: Clear, Move out
Antonyms: Hold
Example Sentence:
Several families were evacuated from their home.

2. PENURY (NOUN): (दरिद्रता): Impoverishment
Synonyms: Indigence, Need
Antonyms: Wealth
Example Sentence:
He could not face yet another year of penury.

3. JUDICIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (विवेकसम्मत): Wise
Synonyms: Sensible, Prudent
Antonyms: Injudicious
Example Sentence:
The judicious use of public investment should be ensured

4. CONUNDRUM (NOUN): (समस्या): Problem
Synonyms: Difficult, Quandary
Antonyms: Solution
Example Sentence:
One of the most difficult conundrums for the experts.

5. APPOSITE (ADJECTIVE): (उचित): Inappropriate
Synonyms:Pertinent, Applicable
Antonyms: Appropriate
Example Sentence:
He stated an apposite quotation.

6. STIMULATE (VERB): (उकसाना): Encourage
Synonyms: Prompt, Prod
Antonyms: Discourage
Example Sentence:
The reader could not fail to be stimulated by the ideas presented.

7. FLAK (NOUN): (आलोचना): Criticism
Synonyms: Censure, Disapproval
Antonyms:Approval
Example Sentence:
You must be strong enough to take the flak if things go wrong.

8. CIRCUMSPECT (ADJECTIVE): (एहतियाती): Cautious
Synonyms: Wary, Careful
Antonyms: unguarded
Example Sentence:
The officials were very circumspect in their statements.

9. BREACH (NOUN): (उल्लंघन): Contravention
Synonyms: Violation, Breaking
Antonyms: Agreement
Example Sentence:
They had to go through a breach.

10. RENOWNED (ADJECTIVE): (प्रसिद्ध): Famous
Synonyms: Celebrated, Famed
Antonyms: Unknown
Example Sentence:
Britain is renowned for its love of animals.

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🟢 Conventions and Protocols related to various environmental and humanitarian issues:

1. Ramsar Convention - Wetlands
2. Bonn Convention - Migratory birds
3. Vienna Convention - Ozone layer
▪️ Montreal Protocol - Ozone layer
4. Minamata Convention - Mercury
5. Geneva Protocol - Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare
6. Stockholm Convention - Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP)
7. Rotterdam Convention - Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides
8. Basel Convention - Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal

#GeneralKnowledge #QuickRevision

📮24 April

❇️ National Panchayati Raj Diwas
राष्ट्रीय पंचायती राज दिवस

🌿1st National Panchayati Raj day Celebrated in 2010

🌿73rd Amendment 1992 added a new Part IX to constitution “The Panchayats” covering provisions from Article 243 to 243(O) & a new 11th Schedule covering 29 subjects

🌿Father of Panchayati Raj system➖Balwant Rai Mehta

🌿Balwant Rai Mehta Committee➖3-tier Panchayati Raj system
• Gram Panchayat
• Block Samiti
• Panchayat Samiti & Zila Parishad

🌿Ashok Mehta Committee➖2-tier Panchayati Raj system

🌿On 24th April 2020 Pm Narendra modi Launch the Swamitva scheme also e-Gram swaraj portal

🔶Balika Panchayat Successfully Held At Kunariya Village In Gujarat

🔶First Panchayat Advancement Index (PAI): Gujarat & Telangana Lead

🔶Govt amends Panchayat law to set up District Development Councils in J&K

🔷Ministry of Panchayati Raj
▪️Shri Rajiv Ranjan Singh alias Lalan Singh
~~~
🍁International Day of Multilateralism & Diplomacy for Peace

✍Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

❇️ 25 APRIL

♦️World Malaria Day 
विश्व मलेरिया दिवस

Theme25 : "Malaria ends with us: Reinvest, Reimagine, Reignite"

🔶 Malaria is Vector bone disease transmitted by female Anopheles Mosquito the parasites Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) and Plasmodium Vivax (Pv)

🔶 The first study on malaria was done by the scientist Charles Louis Alphonse Laverin in the year 1880.

🔶 First time 'World Malaria Day' was observed on 25 April 2008.

🔶Quinine, the remedy for malaria is extracted from bark of the Cinchona tree.

🔶Protozoan organism causes malaria.

🔶 WHO has declared Algeria and Argentina as 'Malaria-Free' 

🔶 National Framework for Malaria Elimination 2016 -2030

🔶 Government Plans Malaria Free India By 2030

🔶 Egypt Declared Malaria-Free: A Milestone In Public Health

🔶 Karnataka has set itself the goal of eliminating malaria by 2025.

🏢 World Health Organization
🔹Founded - 7 April, 1948
🔹HQ - Geneva, Switzerland
🔹D.G - Tedros Adhanom

✍Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

🤟 26 APRIL

♦️World Intellectual Property Day
विश्व बौद्धिक संपदा दिवस

Theme25 : "IP and Music: Feel the Beat of IP"

🔷International Intellectual Property (IP) Index 2024 (12th Edition) - "India ranks 42nd among 55 leading global economies"
🔷Top - United States
🔷Released by the U.S. Chambers of Commerce

🏢 World Intellectual Property Organization ( WIPO )
🔸Founded - 1967
🔸HQ - Geneva Switzerland
🔸Director General : Daren Tang
🔸Member Countries : 193

✍Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

🟢 SIMLA AGREEMENT, 1972

The Simla Agreement, also spelled Shimla Agreement, was a peace treaty signed between India and Pakistan on 2 July 1972 in Shimla, the capital of Himachal Pradesh.

🔶 Why in News?
Pakistan suspended the Simla Agreement in reaction to measures taken by India following the terrorist attack in Pahalgam.

🔷 Key Facts
- When: 2nd July 1972, post the Indo-Pak War of 1971.
- Between Whom: Indira Gandhi (India) and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (Pakistan).
- Objectives: Establish peace and resolve disputes through bilateral dialogue only.

🔶 Key Provisions
1. Respect for Territorial Integrity: Both countries to honor each other's sovereignty.
2. Bilateral Resolution of Issues: All issues, including Kashmir, to be solved through bilateral talks.
3. Ceasefire Line to Line of Control (LoC): Post-war, the Ceasefire Line was re-designated as the LoC.
4. Restoration of Ties:
- Resume diplomatic relations, trade, communications, and people-to-people contact.
5. Release of Prisoners of War: India agreed to release 93,000 Pakistani war prisoners.

India’s decision on Indus casts shadow on renewal of India-Bangladesh Ganga Water Treaty: Bangladesh water expert

✓ “Renewal of the Ganga treaty will come up next year but if India continues to hold the Indus Waters Treaty in abeyance then it will create doubts about India’s willingness on sharing of river waters with Bangladesh”

✓ India’s decision to hold the Indus Waters Treaty with Pakistan ‘in abeyance’ has proved that India will not hesitate to use water as a “weapon” in case political relations with common riparian neighbours nosedive, a leading water expert of Bangladesh has remarked.