🔹 Jyotirao Govindrao Phule
- Birth: April 11, 1827, Pune (Maharashtra)
- Death: November 28, 1890, Pune (Maharashtra)
- Specialty: Pioneer and strong advocate of Dalit and women's education
- Title: Mahatma

🔹 Significant Contributions:
- Field of Work: Social service, Philosopher
- Founding of the Satyashodhak Samaj (1873)

• Jyotirao Phule initiated the marriage ceremony without Brahmin priests and it was also recognized by the Mumbai High Court.
• Advocate against child marriage and supporter of widow remarriage
• Opponent of caste discrimination and social hierarchy

📚 Books:
- Gulamgiri
- Tritiya Ratna
- Chhatrapati Shivaji
- Raja Bhokhla Ka Pahada
- Kisan Ka Koda
- Achhuton Ki Kafiyat

❇️ 12th April

🚀 International Day of Human Space Flight
मानव अंतरिक्ष उड़ान का अंतर्राष्ट्रीय दिवस

🚀Aim to promote aspirations to explore and maintain outer space for peaceful purposes.

🚀12 April 1961 was the date of the first human space flight, carried out by Yuri Gagarin, a Soviet citizen.

🚀1st Indian to go into space : Rakesh Sharma

🟢 NEWS
🔶SpaceX Successfully Launches Fram2 Mission: First Humans To Travel Over Earth’s Poles

🔷Bellatrix Aerospace Partners With Astroscale Japan For Space Debris Removal

🔶Project PARI: Revitalizing Public Spaces Through Art

🔷NASA’s SPHEREx Space Telescope Launches To Map The Universe’s Cosmic Glow

🔶NASA’s Revolutionary Missions: SPHEREx And PUNCH Set To Redefine Space Exploration

🔷Rajnath Singh Becomes First Raksha Mantri To Visit IAF’s Institute Of Aerospace Medicine In Bengaluru

🔶NASA And SpaceX To Launch Athena To Moon

🔶World Space Week: 04-10 October

✍Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

✅️ Daily The Hindu Vocabulary 12 April 2025

1. ULTIMATE (ADJECTIVE): (अंतिम): eventual
Synonyms: last, final
Antonyms: immediate
Example Sentence:
The ultimate aim of the firm’s head was to force his resignation.

2. UNDERMINE (VERB): (दुर्बल करना): subvert
Synonyms: sabotage, threaten
Antonyms: enhance
Example Sentence:
This could undermine years of hard work.

3. UNFETTERED (ADJECTIVE): (निरंकुश): unrestrained
Synonyms: unrestricted unconstrained
Antonyms: restrained
Example Sentence:
His imagination is unfettered by the laws of logic.

4. NOTABLE (ADJECTIVE): (उल्लेखनीय): noteworthy
Synonyms: remarkable, outstanding
Antonyms: insignificant
Example Sentence:
The gardens are notable for their collection of magnolias and camellias.

5. PHENOMENAL (ADJECTIVE): (अभूतपूर्व): exceptional
Synonyms: extraordinary, remarkable
Antonyms: ordinary
Example Sentence:
The town expanded at a phenomenal rate.

6. ATYPICAL (ADJECTIVE): (विचित्र): unusual
Synonyms: untypical, non-typical
Antonyms: typical
Example Sentence:
I belong to the sample of people who are rather atypical of the target audience.

7. THOUGHTFUL (ADJECTIVE): (विचारशील): pensive
Synonyms: thinking, reflective
Antonyms: vacant
Example Sentence:
Brows were drawn together in thoughtful consideration.

8. FLAUNT (VERB): (शान दिखाना): show off
Synonyms: parade, exhibit
Antonyms: hide
Example Sentence:
Newly rich consumers eager to flaunt their prosperity.

9. AMBITIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (महत्वाकांक्षी): aspiring
Synonyms: determined, forceful
Antonyms: unambitious
Example Sentence:
She is a typical ambitious workaholic.

10. COMBAT (VERB): (सामना करना): fight
Synonyms: tackle, attack
Antonyms: give in to
Example Sentence:
She dedicated her life combating poverty.

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😢 Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy

On April 13th 1919, a large crowd gathered peacefully at Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab to protest the arrest of Dr. Satyapal & Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew. Colonel Reginald Dyer, the Military Commander of Amritsar, surrounded the Bagh with his troops, closed the gates & gave order to shoot at the peaceful congregation. There was a massacre. Hundreds were killed & thousands wounded. This incident is known as the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. It sent a wave of shock & horror amongst the people.

🔺 Rabindranath Tagore, in protest, renounced his knighthood - a title of honour given to him by the British.

🔺 Gandhi returned the Kaiser-e-Hind medal given to him by the South African Govt.

💠IMPORTANT DATE
🔸Rowlatt Acts - February, 1919
🔸Hunter Commission -14 October, 1919
🔸INC Session - December, 1919 ( Amritsar)

🔸SSC QUESTION IN RESONING
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, Simon Commission, Dandi March, ?
Ans : Quit-India Movement

✍Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

✅️Daily The Hindu Vocabulary 13 April 2025

1. SUBVERSIVE (ADJECTIVE): (विनाशक): disruptive
Synonyms: inflammatory, insurgent
Antonyms: loyal
Example Sentence:
He was seen as a potentially subversive man within the party.

2. DEFIANCE (NOUN): (अवज्ञा): resistance
Synonyms: opposition, confrontation
Antonyms: submission
Example Sentence:
Despite her defiance, her voice shook.

3. TEMERITY (NOUN): (धृष्टता): audacity
Synonyms: boldness, nerve
Antonyms: shyness
Example Sentence:
No one had the temerity to question his conclusions.

4. SETBACK (NOUN): (स्र्कावट): problem
Synonyms: difficulty, issue
Antonyms: breakthrough
Example Sentence:
The violent attack was a serious setback for the peace process.

5. DISSEMINATION (NOUN): (प्रसार): spreading
Synonyms: circulation distribution
Antonyms: suppressing
Example Sentence:
The dissemination of public information was essential.

6. DRAB (ADJECTIVE): (बेरंग): colourless
Synonyms: grey, dull
Antonyms: bright
Example Sentence:
The landscape was drab and grey.

7.NIMBLE (ADJECTIVE): (फुर्तीला): agile
Synonyms: lithe, sprightly
Antonyms: stiff
Example Sentence:
With a deft motion of her nimble fingers, she completed the task.

8. MORATORIUM (NOUN): (प्रतिबंध): embargo
Synonyms: ban, prohibition
Antonyms: renewal
Example Sentence:
There was a moratorium on the use of drift nets.

9. MYSTERIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (रहस्यमय): enigmatic
Synonyms: inscrutable, secretive
Antonyms: open
Example Sentence:
She was mysterious about herself but said plenty about her husband.

10. THRIVE (VERB): (फलना-फूलना): flourish
Synonyms: prosper, burgeon
Antonyms: fail, collapse
Example Sentence:
The entertainment industry has thrived in the recent decade.

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🌳 Top 5 Largest National Parks in India

1️⃣ Hemis National Park
- Area: 4400 sq km
- State: Ladakh

2️⃣ Desert National Park
- Area: 3162 sq km
- State: Rajasthan

3️⃣ Simlipal National Park
- Area: 2750 sq km
- State: Odisha

4️⃣ Gangotri National Park
- Area: 2390 sq km
- State: Uttarakhand

5️⃣ Namdapha National Park
- Area: 1985.23 sq km
- State: Arunachal Pradesh

🌾 Baisakhi marks the Sikh New Year and the harvest festival, celebrating prosperity and gratitude. It commemorates the formation of the Khalsa Panth by Guru Gobind Singh Ji in 1699, a defining moment in Sikh history.

🎉 Punjab comes alive with vibrant celebrations—Gurdwara prayers, Nagar Kirtans, energetic Bhangra and Gidda performances, and grand feasts featuring traditional delicacies like Sarson da Saag and Makki di Roti.

▪️ Punjab hosts grand Baisakhi Mela with cultural performances and exhibitions.
▪️ Special prayers and langar services organized at Golden Temple, Amritsar.
▪️ Farmers rejoice as wheat harvest reaches record yield this season.

Bihar CM, Union Sports Minister unveil logo, mascot of Khelo India Youth Games 2025

The orange-green logo of the event is a symbol of cultural heritage.

The mascot is inspired by the archaeological heritage of Bihar, including the statues of Gajsingh (the mythical elephant-lion) carved on the pillars of temples in Nalanda and Bodh Gaya during the Pala period.

The design also incorporates the Mahabodhi Temple and Nalanda University, reflecting respect for historical and intellectual heritage.

It also has a peepal tree, sparrow and Gangetic dolphin to stress the importance of nature and its conservation. Madhubani painting and Chhath Puja are also represented in the design, in an expression of the State’s vibrant cultural identity.

The Games will be organised across five districts of Bihar — Patna, Nalanda (Rajgir), Gaya, Bhagalpur, and Begusarai.

✅Banking Awareness Terms

[ Most Imp For SBI PO CLERK MAINS ]

Repo Rate – The rate at which the RBI lends money to commercial banks.

Reverse Repo Rate – The rate at which banks deposit surplus funds with the RBI.

CRR (Cash Reserve Ratio) – The percentage of a bank’s total deposits that must be kept with the RBI in cash.

SLR (Statutory Liquidity Ratio) – The percentage of a bank’s net demand and time liabilities that must be kept in the form of liquid assets like gold or government securities.

NPA (Non-Performing Asset) – A loan that has not been repaid for 90 days or more.

MSF (Marginal Standing Facility) – A window for banks to borrow overnight funds from the RBI.

LAF (Liquidity Adjustment Facility) – A tool used by the RBI to manage liquidity in the banking system through repo and reverse repo operations.

Base Rate – The minimum interest rate set by the RBI below which banks cannot lend.

Prime Lending Rate (PLR) – The interest rate charged by banks to their most creditworthy customers.

Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) – The ratio of a bank’s capital to its risk-weighted assets, ensuring financial stability.

Monetary Policy – The policy formulated by the RBI to control inflation, liquidity, and money supply in the economy.

Open Market Operations (OMO) – The buying and selling of government securities by the RBI to regulate money supply.

Call Money – Short-term loans with a tenure of up to 1 day, borrowed/lent in the interbank market.

RTGS (Real-Time Gross Settlement) – A system that facilitates instant fund transfers between banks.

NEFT (National Electronic Funds Transfer) – An electronic funds transfer system that operates in batches.

IMPS (Immediate Payment Service) – A real-time interbank electronic funds transfer service available 24/7.

SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) – A network that enables secure international financial transactions.

Financial Inclusion – The process of providing banking services to the unbanked population.

Bancassurance – The selling of insurance products through banking channels.

KYC (Know Your Customer) – A process through which banks verify the identity and address of customers before opening accounts.

❇️ 16th April

🗣 World Voice Day
विश्व आवाज दिवस

Theme25 : 'Empower Your Voice'

📣 To demonstrate the enormous importance of the voice in the daily lives of all people.

📣By 2002, the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery officially recognized the celebration which earned it the title of World Voice Day.

🔈 SSC PYQ related to SOUND
•In Vaccum sound cannot travel.
•The quality depends primarily on the waveform of the sound.
•Humans can detect sounds in a frequency range from about 20 Hz to 20 kHz
•Infrasonic <20Hz to 20 kHz< Ultrasonic
•Bats are good at flying at night because they use ultrasonic sound rather than sight to navigate.
•Frequency of sound is measured in hertz (Hz).
•Speed of Sound = wavelength × frequency
•SONAR stands for Sound Navigation And Ranging.
•Reflection of sound - Echo ( Min. 17m distance )

✍Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

RBI Tightens Rules Under PSS Act

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has revised the enforcement framework under the Payment and Settlement Systems Act (PSS Act) to strengthen compliance among payment system operators and banks.

• Maximum penalty: Rs.10 lakh or twice the involved amount, whichever is higher.

• Increased from Rs.5 lakh under the Jan Vishwas Act, 2023 (effective January 22, 2024).

• Additional penalty of Rs.25,000 per day for continued violations.

About the PSS Act, 2007

™ Regulates and supervises India’s payment systems (e.g., RTGS, NEFT, UPI, ECS).

™ Defines payment systems and provides a legal basis for settlement finality in net-based transactions.

❇️17 April

   💊World Hemophilia Day
     विश्व हीमोफिलिया दिवस

Theme25: 'Access for All: Women and Girls Bleed Too'

🔷To increase awareness of haemophilia, Von Willebrand disease and other inherited bleeding disorders.

🔷World Haemophilia Day was started in 1989 by the World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH), which chose 17 April

🔷17 April is also the birthday of Frank Schnabel, a businessman born with severe haemophilia who was the founder of the World Federation of Haemophilia (WFH).

🩺It is a rare disorder in which your blood doesn’t clot normally because it lacks sufficient blood-clotting proteins /factors.

🩺This can lead to spontaneous bleeding as well as bleeding following injuries or surgery.

🩺 Vitamin K is a group of vitamins that the body needs for blood clotting, helping wounds to heal.

🏢 Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
Minister: Shri J.P. Nadda

     ✍ Credit :мєℓσ∂ισυѕ ριнυ 🎼

The Karnataka State Commission for Protection of Child Rights (KSCPCR) has issued notices to three prestigious private schools in Bengaluru that follow the Central Board curriculum, following allegations that they are “unscientifically” charging exorbitant tuition and textbook fees.

✓ As per rules, private schools can increase their fees by 10% to 12% per annum, depending on the infrastructure and other facilities.

Vijayanand said the place where Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu launched the P-4 initiative was finalised as the venue for the event

✓ Andhra Pradesh Chief Secretary K. Vijayanand said on Wednesday that Prime Minister Narendra Modi would be visiting the State to set the capital construction works in motion on May 2.

❇️ 18 April

🏛 World Heritage Day
विश्व धरोहर दिवस

Theme25: "Heritage under threat from disaster and conflicts"

🏛 On this day, the International Council on Monuments and Sites promotes cultural heritage and a variety of monuments and heritage sites around the world. The day's goal is to raise awareness about the diversity of the world's heritage sites, as well as the importance of maintaining and conserving them.

🔷UNESCO has designated a total of 1155 monuments in 167 countries as UNESCO world heritage sites.

🔷42 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India 2023

🟢 NEWS
🔶11th edition of the Pondicherry Heritage Festival kicked off

🔷51st Khajuraho Dance Festival 2025 at Madhya Pradesh : A Celebration Of Classical Art And Heritage

🔶Gujarat’s Guneri Village: First Biodiversity Heritage Site

🏛 United Nations Educational Scientific And Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)
🔹Founded - 16 Nov, 1946
🔹HQ - Paris, France
🔹DG - Audrey Azouley
🔹MC -194

✍ Credit- мєℓσ∂ισυѕ ριнυ 🎼

❇️ 19th April

🧬 World Liver Day
विश्व लीवर दिवस

Theme25: "Food is Medicine"

🧿 The day is observed to spread awareness about the liver-related disease. The liver is the second largest and the most complex organ in the body, with the exception of the brain.

💠 FUNCTION
• Creates blood clotting factors filters blood of toxins destroys old or damaged blood cells.

▪️The function of liver is Digestion
▪️It is a part of the body, found only in 'Vertebrates'.
▪️Its main functions are to detoxify various metabolites, synthesize proteins, and make biochemicals necessary for digestion.
▪️The bile juice secreted by the liver is stored in the gall bladder itself.

A few known liver diseases:
1. Hepatitis A, or B
2. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
3. Cirrhosis of the liver
4. Hemochromatosis

Fact
• Second largest organ
• Human Liver -- 1.5 KG
• Highly regenerative organ

✍Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

✅️ Daily The Hindu Vocabulary 19 April 2025

1. EXCLUSIVE (ADJECTIVE): (पूर्ण): Complete
Synonyms: Full, Entire
Antonyms: Partial
Example Sentence:
The company had exclusive focus on success and making money.

2. RESUMPTION (NOUN): (पुनरारंभ): Restart
Synonyms: Restarting, Reopening
Antonyms: Suspension
Example Sentence:
With a resumption of her former manner, she turned back to her husband.

3. SPARK (VERB): (कारण होना): Give rise to
Synonyms: Cause, Set in motion
Antonyms: Bring to an end
Example Sentence:
The unexpected trial sparked a furious row.

4. INSTANTLY (ADVERB): (तत्काल): Immediately
Synonyms: At once, Straight away
Antonyms:Eventually
Example Sentence:
She fell asleep almost instantly.

5. INTRINSIC (ADJECTIVE): (आंतरिक): Inherent
Synonyms: Innate, Inborn
Antonyms: Extrinsic
Example Sentence:
Access to the arts is intrinsic to a high quality of life.

6. BLEND (VERB): (मिश्रित करना): Mix
Synonyms: Mingle, Combine
Antonyms: Clash
Example Sentence:
Blend the cornflour with a tablespoon of water to get a perfect mixture.

7. CONSOLIDATE (VERB): (मजबूत करना): Strengthen
Synonyms: Secure, Stabilize
Antonyms: Weaken
Example Sentence:
The company consolidated its position in the international market.

8. ADORABLE (ADJECTIVE): (प्यारा): Lovable
Synonyms: Appealing, Charming
Antonyms:Hateful
Example Sentence:
I have four adorable Siamese cats.

9. HUMANITARIAN (ADJECTIVE): (मानवीय): Compassionate
Synonyms: Humane, Unselfish
Antonyms: Selfish
Example Sentence:
NGOs send humanitarian aid to all.

10. TUSSLE (NOUN): (संघर्ष): Scuffle
Synonyms: Fight, Struggle
Antonyms: Accord
Example Sentence:
There was a tussle for the ball.

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