✅ Daily The Hindu Vocabulary | 22.11.2024


1. DENOUEMENT (NOUN): (उपसंहार): outcome
Synonyms: upshot, consequence
Antonyms: origin
Example Sentence:I waited by the eighteenth green to see the denouement.


2. GRIM (ADJECTIVE): (अरूचिकर): stern
Synonyms: forbidding, uninviting
Antonyms: amiable
Example Sentence:He gave a grim expression to me.


3. ABROGATION (NOUN): (निराकरण): repudiation
Synonyms: revocation, repeal
Antonyms: institution
Example Sentence:The abrogation of the bogus constitution was very necessary.


4. DEBILITATE (VERB): (दुर्बल करना): weaken
Synonyms: enfeeble, enervate
Antonyms: strengthen
Example Sentence:Hard drugs destroy families and debilitate communities.


5. ADVERSARY (NOUN): (प्रतिद्वंद्वी): opponent
Synonyms: rival, enemy
Antonyms: ally
Example Sentence:I beat his old adversary in the quarter-finals.


6. BENIGN (ADJECTIVE): (सौम्य): kindly
Synonyms: kind, warm-hearted
Antonyms: unfriendly
Example Sentence:His mannerisms are firm yet benign.


7. RECALCITRANT (ADJECTIVE): (अक्खड़): uncooperative
Synonyms: intractable, unmanageable
Antonyms: amenable
Example Sentence:It is a class of recalcitrant ten-year-olds.


8. BREAKTHROUGH (ADJECTIVE): (उन्नत): advance
Synonyms: development, step forward
Antonyms: setback
Example Sentence:It was a major breakthrough in DNA research.


9. DECEPTIVE (ADJECTIVE): (भ्रामक): misleading
Synonyms: illusory, illusive
Antonyms: honest
Example Sentence:He put the question with deceptive casualness.


10. BOHEMIAN (ADJECTIVE): (अपरंपरागत): unconventional
Synonyms: nonconformist, unorthodox
Antonyms: conventional
Example Sentence:As an artist, you live a bohemian lifestyle. 

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👸🏻73rd Miss Universe : Victoria Kjaer Theilvig

• Formation - June 28, 1952
• Headquarters - New York, USA
• Host - San Salvador (Jose Adolfo Pineda Arena)

🔶Miss Universe 2023
- Winner: Shennis Palacios
- Runner-up: Antonia Porzilde (Thailand)
- 2nd Runner-up: Moraya Wilson (Australia)

🔷Indian Miss Universe
- Lara Dutta (2000)
- Sushmita Sen (1994)
- Harnaaz Kaur Sandhu (2021)

🔶Other Info
- Bonnie Gabrielle (USA) Miss Universe 2022
- Shweta Sharda from India in the Top 20
- 90 countries participated in the competition
- Annual budget: 10 crores, organized by the Beauty Pageant Organization

✍ Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ✪

🗄 TYPES OF ATM ( Automated Teller Machine )

🖨 White Label ATMs (WLAs): ATMs set up, owned and operated by non-banks (i.e NBFCs) are WLAs. Non-bank ATM operators are authorised under the Payment & Settlement Systems Act, 2007 by RBI.

🖨 Green Label ATMs – ATMs for agricultural transactions.

🖨 Orange label ATMs – ATMs used for share transactions.

🖨 Pink Label ATMs – ATMs that are meant only for women (ease their banking).

🖨 Yellow Label ATMs – ATMs meant for E-commerce facility.

🖨 Brown Label ATMs – ATMs that are outsourced by a bank to a third party (based on the concept of sharing the cost).

🖨 Biometric ATMs – These are ATMs that use security features like fingerprint scanner and eye scanner of the customer to access the bank details.

🖨 Onsite ATMs – ATMs that are located inside the bank’s premises.

🖨 Offsite ATMs- ATMs that are located in various places except inside the bank’s premises.

Recent Exercise
5th Edition of Exercise “VINBAX 2024” between Vietnam and India- Ambala and Chandimandir
9th edition of Exercise GARUD SHAKTI 2024 between India and Indonesia – Jakarta
15th edition of Exercise VAJRA PRAHAR between India and USA – Orchard Combat Training Centre in Idaho, US.
31st edition of Maritime Bilateral Exercise (SIMBEX) between Singapore and India – Eastern Naval Command Visakhapatnam
18 edition of Joint Naval Drill ‘Naseem Al Bahr’ between India and Oman – coast off Goa
Army’s Sudarshan Chakra Corps of Southern Command is conducting ‘Exercise SWAVLAMBAN SHAKTI’ at Babina Field Firing Ranges near Jhansi.

✍Pihu kaur⋆˙

🟢 IMPORTANT AWARD 2023-24

- National Disability Icon -Para archer and Arjuna
- 8th Jnanpith Award 2023 – Urdu poet Gulzar and Sanskrit scholar Jagadguru Rambhadracharya
-prestigious PV Narasimha Rao Memorial Award - Ratan Tata
Chameli Devi Jain Journalism Award -Grishma Kuthar', & Ritika Chopra.
- Erasmus Prize 2024 – Amitav Ghosh (For highlighting the climate change crisis
- Measles and Rubella Champion Award – India
- National Youth Parliament Festival 2024 – Yatin Bhaskar Duggal (First prize); Vaishna Pitchai (Second); Kanishka Sharma (Third)
- USGA’s prestigious Bob Jones Award – Tiger Woods
- India-UK Achievers’ Award – Zoya Akhtar and Asma Khan
- Maharashtra Bhushan Award 2024 – Dr. Pradeep Mahajan
- 'IAA Golden Compass Award -Shrinivasan Swamy
-Oscar Awards,- 'Openheimer' won Best Film.
-Champion Global Award -Khasra and Rubella
-IG TAG - Assam 'Manjuli Mukhote' and 'Pandulipi Painting'
-Maharashtra Bhushan Award 2024 -Dr. Pradeep Mahajan
-'Academy Ratna Awards -six artists for 2022-2023.R Visweswaran (Venna Player)
-'Roman Roland Award 2024' -Pankaj Kumar Chatterjee
-The 58th Jnanpith Award - Gulzar and Jagadguru Rambhadracharya.
-Grammy's award - Shankar Mahadevan & Zakir Hussain's
-Nikhil Mukund Wagh - Maha Gaurav 2024' Award
-Priest Ishwari Prasad Namboodiri - Shankar Smriti Award
-PT Usha - 'Lifetime Achievement' Award
-Pyarelal Sharma -Award Lakshminarayana International Award
-S. Somanath - K.P.P. Nambiar Award
-Alex Dawson - Underwater Photographer of the Year 2024
- Prof. Aditi Sen De - G. D. Birla Award

✍ Credit- pihu kaur

✅ Daily The Hindu Vocabulary | 25.11.2024


1. SLAM (VERB): (आलोचना करना): criticize
Synonyms: find fault with, censure
Antonyms: praise
Example Sentence:The new TV soap was slammed as being cynical and irresponsible.


2. UNENVIABLE (ADJECTIVE): (अवांछनीय): disagreeable
Synonyms: unpleasant, undesirable
Antonyms: enviable
Example Sentence:I have the unenviable job of announcing the dismissals.


3. INSULARITY (NOUN): (संकीर्णता): parochialism
Synonyms: provincialism, localism
Antonyms: tolerance
Example Sentence:The insularity of Greenland might again give rise to the suppressed argument.


4. GAILY (ADVERB): (सुखपूर्वक): merrily
Synonyms: cheerfully, cheerily
Antonyms: miserably
Example Sentence:All the young soldiers smiled gaily as they watched him.


5. DRUDGERY (NOUN): (कठिन श्रम): hard work
Synonyms: donkey work, toil
Antonyms: relaxation
Example Sentence:Women see domestic drudgery everyday.


6. QUOTIDIAN (ADJECTIVE): (दैनिक): daily
Synonyms: everyday, day-to-day
Antonyms: unusual
Example Sentence:His story is an achingly human one, mired in quotidian details.


7. GAMELY (ADVERB): (वीरता से): bravely
Synonyms: enthusiastically, fearlessly
Antonyms: cowardly
Example Sentence:He battled gamely but was outclassed by his more experienced opponent.


8. RELENTLESS (ADJECTIVE): (दृढ़): persistent
Synonyms: continuing, constant
Antonyms: short-lived
Example Sentence:We faced the relentless heat of the desert.


9. LEISURE (NOUN): (फुर्सत): time off
Synonyms: free time, spare time
Antonyms: work
Example Sentence:People have less leisure time these days.


10. SCRUPULOUS (ADJECTIVE): (सूक्ष्म): careful
Synonyms: meticulous, painstaking
Antonyms: careless
Example Sentence:The research has been carried out with scrupulous attention to detail. 

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❇️ 25 November

👋🏻 International Day For the Elimination of Violence Against Women
महिलाओं के खिलाफ हिंसा के उन्मूलन के लिए अंतर्राष्ट्रीय दिवस

T-23: 'UNITE! Invest to prevent violence against women and girls'

👩‍🎤The objective behind celebrating the day is to eliminate and prevent violence against women and girls.

♦️ “OPERATION MY SAHELI” : South Eastern Railway

🔶National Commission For Women Launched Digital Shakti 4.0

🔷Indian Women’s Rights Activist Srishti Bakshi Wins ‘Changemaker’ Award

🔶UMEED Scheme Transforming Future Of Rural Women Of J&K

🔷PR Sreejesh, Savita Punia Voted FIH Men’s And Women’s Goalkeeper Of The Year

🔶Uttar Pradesh Legislature Reserves A Women-Only Day

🔷Maharashtra Govt Launches “Mission Vatsalya” For Women’s

🔶Rajasthan Govt Introduce ‘Mahila Nidhi’ To Help Women Entrepreneurs

🔷Chhattisgarh CM Launched ‘Mahtari Nyay Rath’ For Women Rights Awareness

🔶Himachal Pradesh CM Launched ‘Nari Ko Naman’ Scheme For Women

✍ Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ✪

🟢 OBJECTIVE OF IMPORTANT COMMITTEES [imp]

- Swaminathan Committee: Population Policy
- Janaki Raman Committee: Securities Scam
- Daantwala Committee: Unemployment Estimates
- Sarkaria Committee: Center State Relations
- Goswami Committee: Industrial Sickness
- Mahalanobis Committee: National Income
- Rangarajan Committee: Balance of Payments
- Goi Poria Committee: Bank Service Reforms
- Bhurelal Committee: Increase in Motor Vehicle Tax
- Sachar Committee: Socio-economic and Educational Status of Muslims
- Mahajan Committee: Sugar Industry
- Meera Seth Committee: Development of Handloom

❇️ 26 November

📜 National Constitution Day
राष्ट्रीय संविधान दिवस

🧰 National Law Day , also known as Constitution Day of India.

🔸It is called Samvidhan Diwas in Hindi and is celebrated to commemorate the adoption of the Constitution in India, in the year 1949. 

🔹On this day in 1949, the Constituent Assembly of India formally adopted the Constitution of India that came into force on January 26, 1950.

🔸The National Law Day commemorates the pledge of Purna Swaraj, passed in the Lahore session of the Congress in 1930.

🔹The Constitution Day is celebrated to pay tribute to Dr BR Ambedkar, the man behind the drafting of the Indian Constitution.

🔶 India’s first Constitution Museum was inaugurated at O.P. Jindal Global University in Sonipat, Haryana.

🔶President Kovind gives assent to Constitution (105th Amendment) Act 2021

🔶 Delhi Govt Launches 'Constitution At 70' Campaign For Students

✍ Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

✅ Daily The Hindu Vocabulary | 26.11.2024


1. RAVAGE (VERB): (विध्वंस करना): devastate
Synonyms: ruin, destroy
Antonyms: conserve
Example Sentence:Southern Florida was entirely ravaged by the hurricane.


2. COPIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (प्रचुर): abundant
Synonyms: superabundant, plentiful
Antonyms: sparse
Example Sentence:She took copious notes of the lesson.


3. ANNULMENT (NOUN): (विलोपन): voiding
Synonyms: repeal, cancellation
Antonyms: restoration
Example Sentence:The applicant sought the annulment of the decision.


4. PREDOMINANT (ADJECTIVE): (सर्वाधिक): main
Synonyms: chief, principal
Antonyms: subsidiary
Example Sentence:The predominant colour in the painting was white.


5. STAGNATE (VERB): (कुछ नहीं करना): do nothing
Synonyms: languish, decline
Antonyms: rise
Example Sentence:Teaching can easily stagnate into a set of routines.


6. SOMBER (ADJECTIVE): (गंभीर): solemn
Synonyms: earnest, serious
Antonyms: cheerful
Example Sentence:He looks at her with a somber expression.


7. VETO (NOUN): (पदच्युति): rejection
Synonyms: vetoing, dismissal
Antonyms: approval
Example Sentence:His casual attitude on veto infuriated her.


8. LAMENT (VERB): (विलाप करना): mourn
Synonyms: sorrow, wail
Antonyms: celebrate
Example Sentence:He was lamenting the death of his infant daughter.


9. GRATUITOUS (ADJECTIVE): (निःशुल्क): free
Synonyms: gratis, complimentary
Antonyms: paid
Example Sentence:Solicitors provide a form of gratuitous legal advice.


10. CURTAIL (VERB): (घटाना): reduce
Synonyms: cut, cut down
Antonyms: increase
Example Sentence:Civil liberties were further curtailed.

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🔶BRIEF ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL CONVENTIONS { Part-1}

🪴Ramsar Convention
• Convention on Wetlands.
• Adopted in Ramsar, Iran (1971).
• In force since 1975.

🪴 Stockholm Convention
• Focus: Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).
• Adopted in Geneva, Switzerland (2001).
• In force since 2004.

🪴 CITES
• Regulates International Trade in Endangered Species.
• Adopted in 1963.
• In force since 1975.

🪴Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
• Focus: Conservation of Biological Diversity.
• Adopted in 1992.
• In force since 1993.

✅ Daily The Hindu Vocabulary | 27.11.2024


1. EFFICACIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (प्रभावोत्पादक): effective 
Synonyms: successful, effectual 
Antonyms: inefficacious 
Example Sentence: The treatment was just not efficacious. 


2. UNSETTLE (VERB): (अस्थिर करना): discompose 
Synonyms: unnerve, upset 
Antonyms: reassure 
Example Sentence: The crisis has unsettled financial markets. 


3. INTERIM (ADJECTIVE): (अन्तरिम): provisional 
Synonyms: temporary, pro tem 
Antonyms: permanent 
Example Sentence: An interim arrangement was made at the end. 


4. DISMANTLE (VERB): (विघटित करना) : take apart 
Synonyms: pull apart, deconstruct 
Antonyms: assemble 
Example Sentence: The mechanic dismantled the engine to repair it. 


5. GRATUITOUS (ADJECTIVE): (निष्कारण): unjustified 
Synonyms: unwarranted, unprovoked 
Antonyms: justifiable 
Example Sentence: The gratuitous killing of dolphins must be stopped. 


6. CONGRUENCE (NOUN): (अनुरूपता): compatibility 
Synonyms: consistency conformity 
Antonyms: conflict 
Example Sentence: The results show quite good congruence with recent studies. 


7. SCATHING (ADJECTIVE): (तीखा): devastating 
Synonyms: withering, blistering 
Antonyms: mild 
Example Sentence: She launched a scathing attack on the Prime Minister. 


8. UNSUNG (ADJECTIVE): (विस्मृत): unacknowledged 
Synonyms: uncelebrated, unhonoured 
Antonyms: famous 
Example Sentence: Tanhaji is one of the unsung heroes. 


9. BRAZEN (ADJECTIVE): (निर्लज): bold 
Synonyms: shameless, as bold as brass 
Antonyms: timid 
Example Sentence: He was brazen about his illegal business. 


10. DELETERIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (हानिकारक): harmful 
Synonyms: damaging, detrimental 
Antonyms: beneficial 
Example Sentence: Divorce is assumed to have deleterious effects on children. 

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❇️ 28 November

🔴 Red Planet Day
लाल ग्रह दिवस

🌋Red Planet Day is observed in remembrance of the 1964 NASA launch of Mariner 4, the first spacecraft to land on Mars.

🌋 The 4th planet from the Sun is the Red Planet or Mars.

🟢 SOLAR SYSTEM
▪️Planet Trick- Most Valuable Element Michael Jackson SUN
•Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
•According to size - J>S>N>U>E>V>M>Mercury
▪️ Asteroid Belt in the Solar system is located between Mars & Jupiter
▪️Largest : Planet - Jupiter | Moon - Ganymede
▪️ Blue Planet - Earth
▪️ Morning & Evening Star / Hottest / Brightest Planet - Venus
▪️Planet moving in the opposite direction - Venus & Uranus
▪️Swift Planet - Mercury

🟢 NEWS
🔷3 Craters On Mars Named For Physicist Devendra Lal, Towns In UP, Bihar

🔶Akshata Krishnamurthy Becomes First Indian To Operate Mars Rover

🔷India to launch maiden human space-flight mission 'Gaganyaan' in 2024

🔹Artemis Mission - NASA
🔹Hope Mission - UAE

✍Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

✅ Daily The Hindu Vocabulary | 28.11.2024


1. BELITTLE (VERB): (अपयश फैलाना): disparage 
Synonyms: denigrate, run down 
Antonyms: run down 
Example Sentence: She belittled my riding skills whenever she could. 


2. SUSCEPTIBLE (ADJECTIVE): (अतिसंवेदनशील): impressionable 
Synonyms: credulous, gullible 
Antonyms: sceptical 
Example Sentence: They only do it to tease him—he's too susceptible. 


3. PATRONIZE (VERB): (नीचा करना): look down on 
Synonyms: talk down to, put down 
Antonyms: friendly 
Example Sentence: He hated being patronized and pitied by those who didn't believe his story. 


4. HERCULEAN (ADJECTIVE): (अत्यंत कठिन): arduous 
Synonyms: gruelling, laborious 
Antonyms: easy 
Example Sentence: I have a herculean task in trying to paint an extraordinary picture in half an hour. 


5. RESILIENCE (NOUN): (लचीलता): flexibility 
Synonyms: pliability, plasticity 
Antonyms: rigidity 
Example Sentence: Nylon has great abrasion and resilience. 


6. THWART (VERB): (विफल करना): foil 
Synonyms: frustrate, balk 
Antonyms: assist 
Example Sentence: She did all she could to thwart his plans. 


7. COMMENSURATE (ADJECTIVE): (समकक्ष): equivalent 
Synonyms: equal, corresponding 
Antonyms: disproportionate 
Example Sentence: Salary will be commensurate with age and experience. 


8. MULTIFARIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (विविध): diverse 
Synonyms: many, numerous 
Antonyms: homogeneous 
Example Sentence: I work at a vast multifarious organization. 


9. FIERY (ADJECTIVE): (उत्साही): passionate 
Synonyms: impassioned, ardent 
Antonyms: bland 
Example Sentence: She is a fiery, imaginative Aries. 


10. ALIENATE (VERB): (विमुख करना): estrange 
Synonyms: turn away, set apart 
Antonyms: unite 
Example Sentence: Even where we least like him we find nothing mean to alienate him from us. 

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💠 FIRST FEMALE RECENT IN NEWS

🔶Avani Chaturvedi of Jodhpur: First woman pilot of India to fly Sukhoi fighter aircraft on foreign soil and participate in a foreign war exercise (Veer Guardian, India-Japan).

🔷Shivangi Singh of Varanasi: First female Rafale jet pilot (Flight Lieutenant).

🔶Mohana Singh (Squadron Leader) of Neem Ka Thana: First female fighter pilot of indigenous Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas; participated in the Tarang Shakti exercise.

🔷Shiva Chauhan of Udaipur: First female officer deployed on the Siachen Glacier.

🔶Manisha Padhi (Squadron Leader): First female Aide-de-Camp (ADC) in the Indian Armed Forces.

🔷Bhavana Kanth: Participated in the Pitch Black exercise in Australia (12 July - 2 August 2024).

🔶Deepika Mishra of Kota (Wing Commander): First female officer to receive a Gallantry Award in the Indian Air Force.

🔷Union Home Ministry has approved the first women battalion of CISF.

✍ Credit : Pihu Kaur

✅ Daily The Hindu Vocabulary | 29.11.2024


1. ESCHEW (VERB): (त्याग करना): give up
Synonyms: forgo, forswear
Antonyms: indulge in
Example Sentence:She appealed to the crowd to eschew violence.


2. RADICAL (ADJECTIVE): (विस्तृत): thoroughgoing
Synonyms: thorough, complete
Antonyms: superficial
Example Sentence:A radical overhaul of the existing regulatory framework is needed.


3. RELISH (NOUN): (प्रसन्नता): gusto
Synonyms: enjoyment, delight
Antonyms: dislike
Example Sentence:I was appointed to a post for which I had little relish.


4. PRODIGIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (विलक्षण): enormous
Synonyms: huge, colossal
Antonyms: small, insignificant
Example Sentence:The stove consumed a prodigious amount of fuel.


5. INCARCERATE (VERB): (क़ैद कर देना): imprison
Synonyms: jail, lock up
Antonyms: release, free
Example Sentence:Many are incarcerated for property offences.


6. GALL (VERB): (खिजाना): irritate
Synonyms: annoy, vex
Antonyms: mollify
Example Sentence:It galled him to have to sit impotently in silence.


7. GARRULOUS (ADJECTIVE): (बातूनी): talkative
Synonyms: loquacious, voluble
Antonyms: taciturn
Example Sentence:They met a garrulous cab driver today.


8. ABET (VERB): (सहायता करना): assist
Synonyms: aid, help
Antonyms: hinder
Example Sentence:He was not guilty of murder but was guilty of aiding and abetting others.


9. RUDIMENTARY (ADJECTIVE): (अपरिष्कृत): primitive
Synonyms: crude, simple
Antonyms: sophisticated
Example Sentence:I am at a rudimentary stage of evolution.


10. FABRICATE (VERB): (निर्माण करना): make
Synonyms: create, manufacture
Antonyms: destroy
Example Sentence:You will have to fabricate an exhaust system. 

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🏆RECENT IMPORTANT AWARD 2024

🎖Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay NIF Book Prize – Ashok Gopal (for A Part Apart: The Life and Thought of B R Ambedkar)

🎖Indira Gandhi Prize for 2023 – Daniel Barenboim, and Ali Abu Awwad (for Peace, Disarmament, and Development)

🎖Green World Awards 2024 in London – Coal India Limited

🎖73rd Miss Universe (2024) – Victoria Kjaer Theilvig (Denmark); Second- Chidimma Adetshina (Nigeria); Third – Maria Fernanda Beltran (Mexico)s

🎖First Indian to win Miss Grand International 2024 – Rachel Gupta (from Jalandhar)


✍ Credit- pihu kaur

❇️ 30 November

🛡 National Computer Security Day
राष्ट्रीय कंप्यूटर सुरक्षा दिवस

🖥 It reminds everyday, computers become faster and more advanced. Protecting the resources, tools, and information on them protects the people who use them, too.

🖥 First time celebrate in 1988

🖥 Charles Babbage, Inventor who is credited with having conceived the first automatic digital computer.

🟢 PYQs
▪️India's 1st super computer PARAM 8000 was launched in year 1991

💠FOUNDER
World Wide Web (WWW) - Tim Berners-Lee
Bluetooth - Jaap Haartsen
Java - James Gosling
Microsoft - Paul Allen
Mouse - Douglas Engelbart

💠ABBREVIATIONS
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
HTTPS - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure
OLE - Object Linking and Embedding

🟢 NEWS
🔷Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's El Capitan is the world's fastest supercomputer by USA.

🔶PM Modi Launches Three PARAM Rudra Supercomputers

🔷Microsoft And OpenAI Unveil $100 Billion ‘Stargate’ AI Supercomputer

✍ Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

🟢 Summits & Conferences 2024

1. Olympic (2028) -Los Angeles, USA (34th)
2. BRICS(2024) - Kazan, Russia
3. G20(2024) - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
4. G7(2024) - Fasano in Apulia, Italy
5. COP29 (2024) - Baku, Azerbaijan
6. Asian Buddhist Summit - New Delhi
7. 18th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas - Bhubaneswar, Odisha
8. SCO Summit - Islamabad, Pakistan
9. 44th and 45th ASEAN Summits - Vientiane, Laos
10. 1st BIMSTEC Business Summit - New Delhi

🔶BRIEF ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL CONVENTIONS { Part-2}

🪴 Bonn Convention
• Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals.
• Adopted in 1979.
• In force since 1983.

🪴 Vienna Convention
• Protection of the Ozone Layer.
• Adopted in 1985.
• In force since 1988.

🪴 Montreal Protocol
• Focus: Substances depleting the Ozone Layer.
• Adopted in 1987.
• In force since 1989.

🪴 Kyoto Protocol
• Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
• Adopted in 1997.
• In force since 2005.

🪴 UNFCCC
• Governs actions to combat Climate Change (GHG emissions).
• Adopted in 1992.
• In force since 1994.


✍ Credit- pihu kaur