✅ Daily The Hindu Vocabulary | 28.09.2024


1. JEOPARDIZE (VERB): (जोखिम में डालना): threaten
Synonyms: endanger, imperil
Antonyms: safegaurd
Example Sentence:
He jeopardized his as as well as my life by jumping in the lake.


2. COGNIZANT (ADJECTIVE): (जानकार): aware
Synonyms: conscious apprised
Antonyms: unaware
Example Sentence:
Statesmen must be cognizant of the political vicinity within which they work.


3. PERVASIVE (ADJECTIVE): (व्यापक): prevalent
Synonyms: penetrating, pervading
Antonyms: uncommon
Example Sentence:
Racism is pervasive and entrenched in our society.


4. COMPREHENSIVE (ADJECTIVE): (व्यापक): comprehensive
Synonyms: thorough, complete
Antonyms: small
Example Sentence:
My friend has an extensive collection of silver.


5. LUCRATIVE(ADJECTIVE): (लाभप्रद): profitable
Synonyms: profit-making, gainful
Antonyms: unprofitable
Example Sentence:
She has a lucrative career as a stand-up comedian.


6. FIASCO (NOUN): (असफलता): success
Synonyms: disaster, catastrophe
Antonyms: failure
Example Sentence:
Her plans turned into a fiasco.


7. CLAMOUR (NOUN): (कोलाहल): din
Synonyms: racket, uproar
Antonyms: silence
Example Sentence:
The questions rose to a clamour.


8. UNRELENTING (ADJECTIVE): (निरंतर): continual
Synonyms: constant, continuous
Antonyms: intermittent
Example Sentence:
His unrelenting efforts led to his success.


9. TRANQUILLITY (NOUN): (शांति): peace
Synonyms: repose, calm
Antonyms: commotion
Example Sentence:
The tweeting of birds gives tranquility.


10. INEVITABLE (ADJECTIVE): (अपरिहार्य): unavoidable
Synonyms: inescapable, inexorable
Antonyms: avoidable
Example Sentence:
War was inevitable.

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🔶Recent Award

- UN Military Gender Advocate of the -Year Award – Major Radhika Sen
-Economic Times HR World Future Ready Organization Award -2024-25 – NHPC
UK’s Women’s Empowerment -Award – Arti (from UP)
-Shaw Prize 2024 in astronomy – Srinivas R. Kulkarni
-International Booker Prize 2024 – Jenny Erpenbeck and Michael Hofmann (Kairos)

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❇️ 29 SEPTEMBER

❤️ World Heart Day
विश्व हृदय दिवस

Theme24: “Use Heart for Action” 

💖 To draw attention to growing heart health issues, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the effects of the critical nature of heart care.

💖The day was first observed on September 24, 2000.

🟢 HEART ( SSC PYQs)
▪️Study of heart is · Chondriology
▪️4 chambers does a mammalian heart have.
▪️First human heart transplant was performed in 1967
▪️ECG is an abbreviation for electrocardiogram.
▪️The outermost wall layer is epicardium, or the inner wall of the pericardium.
▪️William Harvey and the discovery of the circulation of the blood.

🟢 NEWS
🔶 Book “A Matter Of The Heart: Education In India” by Anurag Behar

🔷IIT Kanpur Develops Artificial Heart To Deal With Acute Cardiac Problems

🔶‘Brave Hearts Of Bharat, Vignettes From Indian History’ By Vikram Sampath

🔷David Bennett world first human receives a Pig Heart Transplant

🔶Kapil Dev : Straight from the Heart

✍ Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

👩 First female in India -Names - Year {✍️ ριнυ }

First female doctor in India -Anandi Gopal Joshi -1887
- First female teacher in India
Savitribai Phule -1848
- India’s first women I.P.S officer - Kiran Bedi - 1972
- First woman autorickshaw driver- Shila Dawre - 1988
- First female pilot in India
-Sarla Thakral - 1936
- First female train driver in India
-Surekha Yadav -1988
- female rafale pilot in India
-Flight Lieutenant Shivangi Singh
-2017
-First female army officer in India
Captain Lakshmi Sehgal -1943
- First female astronaut in India
-Kalpana Chawla -2003
- First female prime minister in India
-Indira Gandhi -1966- 1977
-First female engineer in India -Lalitha Ayyalasomayajula
1919- 1979
-First female lawyer in India -Cornelia Sorabji -1894
-First female president in India
-Pratibha Patil -2007 - 2012
-First female chief minister in India
-Sucheta Kripalani -1963
-First female actress in India -Durgabai Kamat - 1914
-First female barrister in India
-Cornelia Sorabji - 1866- 1954
- First female fighter pilot in India
-Bhawana Kanth -2016
- First female neurosurgeon in India
Thanjavur Santhanakrishna Kanaka
-1932- 2018
- First female airline pilot in India
-Durba Banerjee - 1959
- First female governor in India
-Sarojini Naidu -1947- 1949
-First female scientist in India
-Kamala Sohonie -1912- 1988
-First female IFS officer in India
-Chonira Belliappa Muthamma
-1949
-First female mining engineer in India - Dr. Chandrani Prasad Verma
-1999
-First CM female in India - Sucheta Kripalani -1908- 1974
-First educated female in india
-Savitribai Phule - 1831- 1897
-First female defence minister in india - Nirmala Sitharaman - 2017
- First female entrepreneurs in india
- Kalpana Saroj - 2001
- First female dentist in india -Vimal Sood - 1922- 2021
- First women president of INC
- Annie Besant - 1917
- First women union minister
-Rajkumari Amrita Kaur - 1947
- India’s first women ruler (on Delhi’s throne) - Razia Sultan -1236 to 1240
- First women to get Ashok Chakra
-Nirja Bhanot - 1987
- First Indian women to get the nobel prize -Mother Teresa - 1979
- First Indian women to climb the Mt. Everest - Bachendri Pal -1984
- First Indian women to become Miss world - Miss Reita Faria - 1966
-First women to get Jnanpith award
-Ashpurna Devi - 1976
- First Indian women to win a gold in Asian games - Kamaljeet Sandhu
-1970
-First Indian women to win the Booker prize - Arundhati Roy
1992
- First woman musician to get Bharat Ratna - Ms Subbulakshmi
-1916- 2004
-First Indian woman to win WTA title
-Sania Mirza - 2005

❇️ 30 SEPTEMBER

🈂 International Translation Day
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय अनुवाद दिवस

Theme24 : "Translation, an art worth protecting"

🈂 To show respect and importance to language professionals around the world. Also death anniversary of St. Jerome. St. Jerome is a Bible translator, known as the patron saint of translators.

🈂 The International Federation of Translators (FIT) organise the day ever since it was set up in 1953. The first official celebration of ITD was held in 1991.

🟢 TRANSLATION
▪️ The Mahabharat was translated into Persian as Razmanama or the 'book of wars'.
▪️Badauni translated Ramayana into Persian.

🟢 NEWS
🔶Governor Arif Mohammed Khan Released The Malayalam Translation Of Krishna – The 7th Sense

🔷English Translation Of ‘Lata: Sur-Gatha’ Released

🔶Bengali translation ‘Meursault, contre-enquête’ wins Romain Rolland Book Prize 2022

🔷Geetanjali Shree’s translation ‘Tomb of Sand’ nominated for International Booker Prize

✍ Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

🎯डॉ भीमराव अंबेडकर द्वारा स्थापित कुछ प्रमुख  संस्थाएं और राजनीतिक पार्टी:

🔶1. _बहिष्कृत हितकारिणी सभा (1923)_: इस संगठन का उद्देश्य समाज के वंचित वर्गों के उत्थान के लिए काम करना था।
🔶2. _समता सैनिक दल (1927)_: यह संगठन समाज में समानता और न्याय के लिए काम करने के लिए बनाया गया था।
🧡3. _इंडिपेंडेंट लेबर पार्टी (1936)_: यह राजनीतिक पार्टी श्रमिकों और वंचित वर्गों के हितों की रक्षा के लिए बनाई गई थी।
🔶4. _शेड्यूल्ड कास्ट्स फेडरेशन (1942)_: यह संगठन अनुसूचित जातियों के अधिकारों की रक्षा और उनके उत्थान के लिए काम करने के लिए बनाया गया था।
🔶5. _बौद्ध महासभा (1955)_: यह संगठन बौद्ध धर्म के प्रसार और बौद्ध समुदाय के उत्थान के लिए काम करने के लिए बनाया गया था।

🔶6 रिपब्लिकन पार्टी ऑफ इंडिया (1957)_: यह दल डॉ अंबेडकर की मृत्यु के बाद उनके अनुयायियों द्वारा स्थापित किया गया था, जो उनके विचारों और आदर्शों को आगे बढ़ाने के लिए काम करता है।

🎯The institutions & parties founded by Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar

Institutions:

🔶1. Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha (1923) - aimed at upliftment of marginalized sections of society.
🔶2. Samata Sainik Dal (1927) - worked towards equality and justice in society.
🔶3. Independent Labour Party (1936) - a political party to protect the interests of workers and marginalized communities.
🔶4. Scheduled Castes Federation (1942) - aimed at protecting the rights of scheduled castes and their upliftment.
🔶5. Buddhist Mahasabha (1955) - worked towards the spread of Buddhism and upliftment of the Buddhist community.
🔶6 The Republican Party of India (RPI) was founded in 1957 by Ambedkar's followers after his death, not by Ambedkar himself.

📉Updated GDP List

Moody’s – 7.1% (CY24), 6.5% (CY25)
Moody Ratings – 2% (CY24), 6.6% (CY25)
ADB – 7% (FY24), 7.2%(FY25)
S&P – 6.8% (FY25), 6.9% (FY26), 7% (FY27)
World Bank – 7% (FY25)
Goldman Sachs – 6.7% (CY24), 6.4% (CY24)
SBI – 7%
Deloitte – 7 – 7.2% (FY25)
India Ratings – 7.5% (FY25)
FICCI – 7% (FY25)
IMF – 7% (FY25), 6.5% (FY26)


✍ Credit - Pihu kaur⋆˙

✅ Daily The Hindu Vocabulary | 01.10.2024


1. BYGONE (ADJECTIVE): (पुराना): ancient
Synonyms: past, former
Antonyms: contemporary
Example Sentence:
That is contrary to the observation of philosophers of bygone days.


2. STIMULATE (VERB): (प्रेरित करना): encourage
Synonyms: prompt, prod
Antonyms: discourage
Example Sentence:
The reader could not fail to be stimulated by the ideas presented.


3. KINDLE (VERB): (प्रज्वलित करना): light
Synonyms: ignite, set fire to
Antonyms: douse
Example Sentence:
They kindle lights, he says, assuming one is in darkness.


4. HOSPITALITY (NOUN): (सत्कार): friendliness
Synonyms: welcome, helpfulness
Antonyms: unfriendliness
Example Sentence:
Scotland is a country which is renowned for its hospitality.


5. PARTLY (ADVERB): (आंशिक रूप में): in part
Synonyms: partially, somewhat
Antonyms: completely
Example Sentence:
The result is partly a matter of skill and partly of chance.


6. COHERENCE (NOUN): (स्थिरता): consistency
Synonyms: soundness, organization
Antonyms: incoherence
Example Sentence:
Many questions weren further raised on the coherence of state policy.


7. TOXIC (ADJECTIVE): (अप्रिय): unpleasant
Synonyms: very bad, harmful
Antonyms: pleasant
Example Sentence:
She had been in a toxic relationship.


8. REVOKE (VERB): (रद्द करना): cancel
Synonyms: repeal, rescind
Antonyms: introduce
Example Sentence:
The men appealed and the sentence was revoked.


9. SPECIFIC (ADJECTIVE): (सटीक): exact
Synonyms: accurate, precise
Antonyms: vague
Example Sentence:
When ordering goods, be specific.


10.AGITATION (NOUN): (आवेश): anxiety
Synonyms: perturbation, disquiet
Antonyms: calmness
Example Sentence:
She was wringing her hands in agitation.

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❇️ 1ST OCTOBER

🧓🏻 International Day of Older Person
वृद्ध व्यक्ति का अंतर्राष्ट्रीय दिवस

Theme24: 'Ageing with Dignity: The Importance of Strengthening Care and Support Systems for Older Persons Worldwide'

👵🏻 To raise awareness about the issues affecting older persons. It also provides an opportunity to take steps for their respect.

👴🏻 The day was observed for the first time on October 1, 1991.
〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰

❇️ International Coffee Day
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय कॉफी दिवस

Theme24: "uniting all the coffee lovers".

☕️ International Coffee Organisation, set up in 1963 in London, first declared International Coffee day on October 1, 2015.

☕️Coffee contains caffeine and chlorogenic acid.
〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰

❇️ World Vegetarian Day
विश्व शाकाहारी दिवस

🇺🇳 UNITED NATIONS (UN)
▪️Founded - 24 Oct. 1945
▪️HQ - New York US
▪️S.G - Antonio Guterres (Portugal)
▪️Deputy S.G - Amina J Mohammad (Nigeria)
▪️MC - 193

✍ Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

🟢Important Secretaries

Ministry of Corporate Affairs Secretary – Deepti Gaur Mukherjee (replace Manoj Govil)
Foreign Secretary – Vikram Misri (replace Vinay Mohan Kwatra)
Home Secretary – Govind Mohan (replace Ajay Kumar Bhalla)
Cabinet Secretary – T V Somanathan (replace Rajiv Gauba)
Secretary of DPIIT – Amardeep Singh Bhatia
Revenue Secretary – Sanjay Malhotra
Defence Secretary – Giridhar Aramane
Economic Affairs Secretary – Ajay Seth
MoSPI Secretary – G. P. Samanta

Pihu kaur⋆˙

🟢 Newly Appointed Prime Minister & President

PM of France – Michel Barnier
PM of Thailand – Paetongtarn Shinawatra (youngest PM of country)
President of Rwanda – Paul Kagame (4th time)
PM of Bulgaria – Goritsa Gruncharova-Kozhareva
PM of Tunisia – Kamel Madouri

Pihu kaur⋆˙

🟢 OBJECTIVE OF IMPORTANT COMMITTEES [imp]

- Swaminathan Committee: Population Policy
- Janaki Raman Committee: Securities Scam
- Daantwala Committee: Unemployment Estimates
- Sarkaria Committee: Center State Relations
- Goswami Committee: Industrial Sickness
- Mahalanobis Committee: National Income
- Rangarajan Committee: Balance of Payments
- Goi Poria Committee: Bank Service Reforms
- Bhurelal Committee: Increase in Motor Vehicle Tax
- Sachar Committee: Socio-economic and Educational Status of Muslims
- Mahajan Committee: Sugar Industry
- Meera Seth Committee: Development of Handloom

🔵 India Space Mission

🔸CHANDRAYAAN-1
October 22, 2008 - First Mission to the Moon, discovering water molecules on its surface
From discovering water on the Moon with Chandrayaan-1 to landing on the Moon's south pole with Chandrayaan-3, our space program has touched the stars and beyond

🔸CHANDRAYAAN-3
August 23, 2023 - India lands on the Moon's south pole, making history!

🔸ADITYA-L1
September 2, 2023 - A major milestone in studying the Sun and its impact on Earth.

🔸MANGALYAAN
November 05, 2013 - India's Mars orbiter that observed the planet from 2014 to 2022. This is our first Mars mission, making India the fourth country to reach Mars!

🔸POLAR SATELLITE LAUNCH VEHICLE (PSLV)
Since 1994, PSLV has emerged as one of the most reliable launch vehicles, with 39 consecutive successful missions, highlighting ISRO's efficiency and reliability.

🔸Now, India gets ready for Gaganyaan in December 2024, our first mission to send Indian astronauts into space, we celebrate a journey of innovation &
determination

Pihu kaur⋆˙

✅ Daily The Hindu Vocabulary | 03.10.2024


1. RATIFY (VERB): (पुष्टि करना): confirm
Synonyms: approve, sanction
Antonyms: reject
Example Sentence:
Both countries were due to ratify the treaty by the end of the year.


2. NEFARIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (कुटिल): wicked
Synonyms: evil, sinful
Antonyms: good
Example Sentence:
The nefarious activities of the organized-crime syndicates.


3. HEGEMONY (NOUN): (नायकत्व): leadership
Synonyms: dominance, dominion
Antonyms: self-government
Example Sentence:
Germany was united under Prussian hegemony after 1871.


4. ENORMITY (NOUN): (दुष्टता): wickedness
Synonyms: baseness, blackness
Antonyms: goodness
Example Sentence:
The enormities of war are way too high as expected.


5. APEX (NOUN): (चरम सीमा): climax
Synonyms: culmination, apotheosis
Antonyms: nadir
Example Sentence:
The apex of his career was in 1966 when he hosted aloft the World Cup.


6. ABOLITION (NOUN): (उन्मूलन): scrapping
Synonyms: ending, stopping
Antonyms: retention
Example Sentence:
He was responsible for the abolition of the death penalty.


7. CONCOMITANT (ADJECTIVE): (संगत करने वाला): attendant
Synonyms: accompanying, associated
Antonyms: unrelated
Example Sentence:
She loved travel, with all its concomitant worries.


8. INTRANSIGENT (ADJECTIVE): (सैद्धांतिक): uncompromising
Synonyms: inflexible, unbending
Antonyms: compliant
Example Sentence:
Her father had tried persuasion, but she was intransigent.


9. ORATORICAL (ADJECTIVE): (भाषण -संबंधी): rhetorical
Synonyms: grandiloquent, magniloquent
Antonyms: plain-spoken
Example Sentence:
He has plenty oratorical skills.


10. SHUN (VERB): (किनारा करना): avoid
Synonyms: evade eschew
Antonyms: accept
Example Sentence:
He shunned fashionable society.

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❇️ 4 OCTOBER

🦧 World Animal Day
विश्व पशु दिवस

Theme24: “The world is their home too,"

🦥 To raise the status of animals in order to improve welfare standards around the globe.

🦣 October 4 was chosen to celebrate World Animal Day to coincide with the feast day of Francis of Assisi. Francis of Assisi was the patron saint of ecology including animals who died on the eve of 4 October.

🟢 NEWS

🔶Northeast’s Mithun Gets ‘Food Animal’ Tag

🔷G20 Pandemic Fund Allocates $25 Million To Enhance Animal Health System In India

🔶Department Of Animal Husbandry And Fisheries, Chandigarh Awarded Skoch SILVER Award 2023

🔷Minister Rupala To Launch “Animal Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (APPI)”

🔶Ecuador Became 1st Country To Give Legal Rights To Wild Animals

🔷India’s First Ambulance For Street Animals Launched In Tamil Nadu

🔶PETA: Sonakshi Sinha its 2022 Person of the Year.

✍ Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

✅ Daily The Hindu Vocabulary | 04.10.2024


1. SCANDALOUS (ADJECTIVE): (अपमानपूर्ण): discreditable
Synonyms: disreputable, dishonourable
Antonyms: seemly
Example Sentence:
The magazine published scandalous pictures of the movie star.


2. ACQUIT (VERB): (बरी करना): absolve
Synonyms: clear, exonerate
Antonyms: convict
Example Sentence:
One was brought to trial on a charge of affray and was acquitted.


3. RETROGADE (ADJECTIVE): (प्रतिगामी): regressive
Synonyms: negative, downhill
Antonyms: positive
Example Sentence:
To go back on the progress that has been made would be a retrograde step.


4. PERSEVERANCE (NOUN): (दृढ़ता): persistence
Synonyms: tenacity, determination
Antonyms: irresolution
Example Sentence:
His perseverance with the technique illustrates his single-mindedness.


5. BANKRUPT (ADJECTIVE): (दिवालिया): insolvent
Synonyms: bankrupted, failed
Antonyms: solvent
Example Sentence:
His father went bankrupt and the family had to sell their home.


6. RECURRENT (ADJECTIVE): (आवर्तक): repeated
Synonyms: recurring, repetitive
Antonyms: isolated
Example Sentence:
She had a recurrent dream about falling.


7. RESUMPTION (NOUN): (पुनरारंभ): restart
Synonyms: restarting, reopening
Antonyms: suspension
Example Sentence:
Resumption of peace talks is expected soon.


8. LATENT (ADJECTIVE): (निष्क्रिय): dormant
Synonyms: quiescent, inactive
Antonyms: manifest
Example Sentence:
They have a huge reserve of latent talent.


9. FORGO (VERB): (त्यागना): do without
Synonyms: go without, give up
Antonyms: keep
Example Sentence:
I'll forgo dessert tonight—I'm trying to lose weight.


10. AFFLUENT (ADJECTIVE): (धनी): wealthy
Synonyms: rich, prosperous
Antonyms: poor
Example Sentence:
I reside in an affluent neighbourhood.

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