✅ Daily The Hindu Vocabulary | 28.07.2024


1. TUMBLE (VERB): (गिरना): plummet
Synonyms: plunge, dive
Antonyms: rise
Example Sentence:In the last decade, property prices have tumbled.


2. DIFFERENTIAL (ADJECTIVE): (भेदक): distinctive
Synonyms: different, dissimilar
Antonyms: similar
Example Sentence:Germany and France pledged to maintain the differential between the two.


3. DEFER (VERB): (मान लेना): yield
Synonyms: submit, give way
Antonyms: stand up to
Example Sentence:He deferred to his absolutely superior knowledge.


4. PREPOSTEROUS (ADJECTIVE): (निरर्थक): absurd
Synonyms: ridiculous, foolish
Antonyms: reasonable
Example Sentence:He gave us a preposterous suggestion.


5. INCLINE (VERB): (रुझान होना): liable
Synonyms: likely, prone
Antonyms: unlikely
Example Sentence:She's inclined to gossip with complete strangers.


6. SHUN (VERB): (किनारा करना): avoid
Synonyms: evade, eschew
Antonyms: accept
Example Sentence:After his divorce he found himself being shunned by many of his former friends.


7. ARGUABLE (ADJECTIVE): (तर्क योग्‍य): debatable
Synonyms: disputable, questionable
Antonyms: certain
Example Sentence:He made a highly arguable assumption.


8. OBNOXIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (अप्रिय): unpleasant
Synonyms: disagreeable, nasty
Antonyms: delightful
Example Sentence:We left to avoid the obnoxious music.


9. MULTITUDE (ADJECTIVE): (भीड़): crowd
Synonyms: gathering, assembly
Antonyms: elite
Example Sentence:Placing ultimate political power in the hands of the multitude is debatable.


10. RENEGE (VERB): (वापस जाना): go back on
Synonyms: break, back out of
Antonyms: keep
Example Sentence:They have reneged on their promises to us.

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🧰1) Tarkunde committee on electoral reforms - This committee was formed in 1974.

🧰2) Goswami committee on electoral reforms - The Goswami committee was established in 1990.

🧰3) Joint Parliamentary Committee on reform of electoral law - This committee was formed in 1998.

🧰4) Election Commission campaign against criminalization of politics - The campaign by the Election Commission started in the early 2000s.


    ✍ Credit -  Pihu kaur⋆˙

🧰Recent Award

- CSR Leadership Award 2024 – Parijat Industries India Pvt. Ltd
- Best Agriculture State Award for 2024 – Maharashtra
-France Highest Civilian Award “Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur” – Roshini Nadar
-C. Narayana Reddy National Literary Award– Tamil writer Sivashankari
-First K. Saraswathi Amma Award – P Geetha
-Atal Pension Yojana Annual Award for FY24 by PFRDA – Bank of India.

✍ Credit -  Pihu kaur⋆˙

✅ Daily The Hindu Vocabulary | 29.07.2024


1. VULNERABLE (ADJECTIVE): (खतरे में): at risk
Synonyms: endangered, unsafe
Antonyms: safe
Example Sentence:We were in a vulnerable position.


2. HOARD (VERB): (संचय करना): store
Synonyms: store up, stockpile
Antonyms: squander
Example Sentence:Thousands of antiques hoarded by a compulsive collector.


3. RAMPANT (ADJECTIVE): (अनियंत्रित): uncontrolled
Synonyms: unrestrained, unchecked
Antonyms: controlled
Example Sentence:Political violence was rampant in the area.


4. ABET (VERB): (हाँथ बंटाना): assist
Synonyms: aid, help
Antonyms: hinder
Example Sentence:His actions were shown to abet terrorism.


5. MERCY (NOUN): (ढिलाई): leniency
Synonyms: lenience, clemency
Antonyms: ruthlessness
Example Sentence:The boy was screaming and begging for mercy.


6. ABROGATE (VERB): (अभिनिषेध करना): repudiate
Synonyms: revoke, repeal
Antonyms: institute
Example Sentence:The ministry proposed to abrogate the dated electoral law.


7. RESOUNDING (ADJECTIVE): (गुंजयमान): reverberant
Synonyms: reverberating, resonant
Antonyms: faint
Example Sentence:I gave him a resounding smack across the face because of his.


8. DEMOLITION (NOUN): (विध्वंस): destruction
Synonyms: flattening, razing
Antonyms: construction
Example Sentence:The monument was thankfully saved from demolition.


9. DISCERNIBLE (ADJECTIVE): (प्रत्यक्ष): visible
Synonyms: detectable, noticeable
Antonyms: imperceptible
Example Sentence:The scandal had no discernible effect on his career.


10. GLOOM (NOUN): (उदासी): depression
Synonyms: despondency, dejection
Antonyms: happiness
Example Sentence:Last year was of economic gloom for the car industry.

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Folk Dances in India

•Haryana
-Jhumar, Phag, Daph, Dhamal, Loor, Gugga, Khor.

•Himachal Pradesh
-Jhora, Jhali, Chharhi, Dhaman, Chhapeli, Mahasu

•Jammu and Kashmir
-Rauf, Hikat, Mandjas, Kud Dandi Nach

•Jharkhand
-Alkap, Karma Munda, Agni, Jhumar, Janani Jhumar, Mardana Jhumar, Paika, Phagua

•Karnataka
-Yakshagana, Huttari, Suggi, Kunitha, Karga

•Kerala
-Ottam Thullal, Kaikottikali

•Maharashtra
-Lavani, Nakata, Koli, Lezim, Gafa, Dahikala Dasavtar

•Madhya Pradesh
-Jawara, Matki, Aada, Khada Nach, Phulpati, Grida Dance, Selalarki, Selabhadoni

•Manipur
-Dol Cholam, Thang Ta, Lai Haraoba, Pung Cholom

•Mizoram
-Cheraw Dance, Khuallam, Chailam, Sawlakin, Chawnglaizawn, Zangtalam

•Nagaland
-Rangma, Bamboo Dance, Zeliang

•Odisha
-Savari, Ghumara

•Punjab
-Bhangra, Giddha.

•Rajasthan
-Ghumar, Chakri, Ganagor, Jhulan

•Sikkim
-Chu Faat, the Snow Lion, Yak Chaam

•Tamil Nadu
-Kumi, Kolattam, Karagattam

•Tripura
-Hojagiri

•Uttar Pradesh
-Nautanki, Raslila,

•Uttarakhand
-Garhwali, Raslila

❇️ 30th JULY

👥 International Day of Friendship
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मित्रता दिवस

Theme24 : Highlight the importance of friendship and its positive effects on people and communities. 

🫂International Day of Friendship is a day to appreciate and promote friendships from all backgrounds. Celebrated across the globe on July 30, 2022, the day aims to bridge the gaps between factors such as race, language and culture.

🫂 Article 15

🫂The Civil Rights Act of 1964, which banned discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

=•=•=•=•=•=•=•=•=•=•=•=
🥷World Day against Trafficking in Persons
व्यक्तियों की तस्करी के खिलाफ विश्व दिवस

🕴To "raise awareness of the situation of victims of human trafficking and for the promotion and protection of their rights."

🏢 UN General Assembly (UNGA)
▪️ Established : 1945
▪️ Headquarters: New York, US
▪️ President: H.E. Csaba Kőrösi(77th)

✍ Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

✅ Daily The Hindu Vocabulary | 30.07.2024


1. PERSUASIVE (ADJECTIVE): (ठोस): convincing
Synonyms: effective, cogent
Antonyms: unconvincing
Example Sentence:He gave an informative and persuasive speech.


2. SPARK (VERB): (कारण होना): give rise to
Synonyms: cause, set in motion
Antonyms: bring to an end
Example Sentence:So many things concurred to spark the problem.


3. QUESTIONABLE (ADJECTIVE): (विवादास्पद): controversial
Synonyms: contentious, in doubt
Antonyms: certain
Example Sentence:It is questionable whether any of these exceptions is genuine.


4. IMPEDIMENT (NOUN): (अवरोध): hindrance
Synonyms: obstruction, obstacle
Antonyms: benefit
Example Sentence:The lack of a new invention is a serious impediment to scientific progress.


5. MALICIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (दुर्भावनापूर्ण): spiteful
Synonyms: malevolent, hostile
Antonyms: benevolent
Example Sentence:He was found guilty of malicious damage.


6. ERR (VERB): (भूल करना): mistake
Synonyms: blunder, misjudge
Antonyms: be right
Example Sentence:The judge had erred in the judgement.


7. MOMENTOUS (ADJECTIVE): (महत्वपूर्ण): important
Synonyms: significant, epoch-making
Antonyms: unimportant
Example Sentence:The momentous news was that war has begun.


8. EGREGIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (भयानक): shocking
Synonyms: appalling, horrific
Antonyms: marvellous
Example Sentence:Egregious errors were caused by the tablet's failure to check spelling.


9. UNBLEMISHED (ADJECTIVE): (त्रुटिहीन): impeccable
Synonyms: flawless, faultless
Antonyms: flawed
Example Sentence:Her body was perfectly formed and unblemished.


10. HOSTILITY (NOUN): (कड़वापन): antagonism
Synonyms: bitterness, malevolence
Antonyms: friendliness
Example Sentence:They have hostility towards all outsiders.

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🗿 STATUE OF INDIA

🟡 Statue of Equality - 216 feet
🔸Ramanujacharya
▪️Hyderabad

🟡Statue of Knowledge - 70 Feet
🔸B.R. Ambedkar
▪️Latur, Maharashtra

🟡Statue of Peace
🔸Ramanujacharya
▪️Jammu and Kashmir

🟡Statue of Peace - 151 inch
🔸Vijay Vallabh Surishwar
▪️Rajasthan

🟡Statue of Prosperity - 108 feet
🔸Nadprabhu Kampegoda
▪️Bengaluru

🟡Statue of Unity - 182 meter
🔸 Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
▪️Narmada River, Gujarat

🟡Vishvas Swaroopam - 369 feet
🔸Nathdwara, Rajasthan

        ✍Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥

🦚 8 WONDERS OF THE WORLD

▪️ Campaign - Swiss Foundation (2000)
▪️ Announcement - 2007 (7 Wonders)

Wonders / Country / Constructed

1 - Colosseum - Rome (Italy) / Emperor Vespasian (72-80 AD)

2 - Machu Picchu - Cusco (Peru) / Inca Empire (1450-60 AD)

3 - Petra - Petra - (Jordan) / Nabataeans (312 BC)

4 - Taj Mahal - (Agra) India / Shah Jahan (1632-53 AD)

5 - Christ the Redeemer (Brazil) / Rio de Janeiro (Location) (1922-31 AD)

6 - Great Wall of China - (China) / Qin Dynasty, Ming Dynasty (7th century)

7 - Chichen Itza - (Mexico) / Maya-Toltec Civilization (5th-13th century)

8 - Angkor Wat - (Cambodia) / Hindu-Buddhist temple (12th century)

❇️ 1st August

🖥World Wide Web Day
विश्व व्यापी वेब दिवस

💻We annually celebrate the World Wide Web Day on August 1st,

💻 Which marks the the invention by Tim Berners-Lee of World Wide Web.

💻Tim Berners-Lee created it in 1989 while he was employed at CERN, and it became accessible to the general public in 1991. He created the fundamental building blocks of the web, including HTML, HTTP, Server, the first website ever made on the Internet.

💻URLs: We use URLs to define the location of a specific web page or to access a specific resource on the internet.

💻HTML: which stands for Hypertext Markup Language, is a web language that is understandable and readable by web browsers.

💻HTTP: In short, it is the set of protocols or rules that govern the Internet.

💻The first popular search engine was Yahoo! Search, but Archie is believed to be the first. This was the first FTP archive indexing tool, so people could find specific files.

✍ Credit : мєℓσ∂ισυѕ ριнυ 🎼

✅ Daily The Hindu Vocabulary | 01.08.2024


1. PALPABLE (ADJECTIVE): (सुस्पष्ट): perceptible
Synonyms: visible, noticeable
Antonyms: intangible
Example Sentence:It was a palpable sense of loss for me.


2. CHASTISE (VERB): (दंड देना): scold
Synonyms: upbraid, berate
Antonyms: praise
Example Sentence:He chastised his colleagues for their laziness.


3. INSIDIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (गुढ़): stealthy
Synonyms: subtle, surreptitious
Antonyms: straightforward
Example Sentence:Harassment is a serious and insidious problem.


4. DENT (VERB): (कम करना): diminish
Synonyms: reduce, lessen
Antonyms: increase
Example Sentence: She didn't seem to dent the plate of food.


5. PRECEDE (VERB): (पहले होना): lead up to
Synonyms: pave the way for, set the scene for
Antonyms: follow
Example Sentence:A gun battle had preceded the explosions.


6. CONSEQUENTIAL (ADJECTIVE): (परिणामी): resulting
Synonyms: resultant, ensuing
Antonyms: casual
Example Sentence:It was a loss of confidence and a consequential withdrawal of funds.


7. VICE (NOUN): (अनैतिकता): immorality
Synonyms: wrongdoing, wrong
Antonyms: virtue
Example Sentence:A mobile phone network is being used to peddle vice.


8. INDISPUTABLE (ADJECTIVE): (निर्विवाद): incontrovertible
Synonyms: incontestable, undeniable
Antonyms: questionable
Example Sentence:What he said was a far from indisputable fact.


9. ILLUSORY (ADJECTIVE): (भ्रामक): delusory
Synonyms: delusional delusive
Antonyms: real
Example Sentence:She knew the safety of her room was illusory.


10. FABLED (ADJECTIVE): (प्रसिद्ध): famed
Synonyms: celebrated, renowned
Antonyms: unknown
Example Sentence:We all saw a fabled art collection.

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💼SCO SUMMIT 2024

🔷Belarus was welcomed as the 10th official full member of SCO.

🔷 Focus on Combating Terrorism and Focus on climate change PM MODI said - The 21st century is the century of technology - Al for All.

🔷Recognizing the centrality of Central Asia to SCO.

🔶बेलारूस का एससीओ के 10वें आधिकारिक पूर्ण सदस्य के रूप में स्वागत किया गया। आतंकवाद से निपटने पर ध्यान दें और जलवायु परिवर्तन पर ध्यान दें

🔶पीएम मोदी ने कहा- 21वीं सदी टेक्नोलॉजी की सदी है- AI फॉर ऑल. एससीओ के लिए मध्य एशिया की केंद्रीयता को मान्यता देना|

✍ Credit -  Pihu kaur⋆˙

🤝 IMPORTANT TREATY AND AGREEMENTS

1. सिंधु जल समझौता - 1960
2. ताशकंद समझौता - 1966
3. शिमला समझौता - 1972
4. लाहौर घोषणा - 1999
5. आगरा सम्मिट - 2001

---

1. Indus Water Treaty - 1960
2. Tashkent Agreement - 1966
3. Shimla Agreement - 1972
4. Lahore Declaration - 1999
5. Agra Summit - 2001

🟢 उत्तर दक्षिण संवाद से संबंधित सम्मेलन:

1. कानकुन सम्मेलन - अक्टूबर 1981
2. अंकटाड़ सम्मेलन - 23 मार्च 1964
3. पेरिस सम्मेलन - 1975
4. ब्रांट आयोग - 1977
5. पृथ्वी सम्मेलन - 1992
6. उरुग्वे वार्ता - 1986-1994

---

🟢 Conferences related to North-South Dialogue:

1. Cancun Conference - October 1981
2. UNCTAD Conference - 23 March 1964
3. Paris Conference - 1975
4. Brandt Commission - 1977
5. Earth Summit - 1992
6. Uruguay Dialogue - 1986-1994

1.फर्स्ट पास्ट द पोस्ट सिस्टम -- USA
2.द्वितीय मतदान प्रणाली -- फ्रांस
3.वैकल्पिक मत प्रणाली -- ऑस्ट्रेलिया
4.अतिरिक्त सदस्य प्रणाली --जर्मनी
----
1.First Past the Post System -- USA
2.Second Vote System -- France
3.Alternative Vote System -- Australia
4.Additional Member System -- Germany

🔵Important committee

▪️होता समिति 2002 से 2004 सिविल सेवा में सुधार
▪️संथानम समिति 1962 भ्रष्टाचार की रोकथाम
▪️सरकारिया आयोग 1983 केंद्र राज्य संबंध
▪️यशपाल समिति 1992 उच्च शिक्षा में सुधार


▪️Hota Committee 2002 to 2004 Reforms in Civil Services

▪️Santhanam Committee 1962 Prevention of Corruption

▪️Sarkaria Commission 1983 Center State Relations

▪️Yashpal Committee 1992 Reforms in Higher Education

🟢Important Index 2024

▫️World Cyber ​​Crime - 10th
▫️World Press Freedom Index - 159th
▫️Travel and Tourism Development Index -39th
▫️World Well-being Report - 126th
▫️Democracy Index - 41st
▫️Corruption Perception Index - 93rd
▫️Gender Equality Index 129
▫️Global Gender Gap Index - 129th
▫️Environmental Performance Index -176th
▫️Global Energy Transition Index - 63rd

✍ Credit -  Pihu kaur⋆˙

पर्यावरण से संबंधित सम्मेलन👇👇

💥 क्योटो प्रोटोकॉल - ग्रीन हाउस गैसों के उत्सर्जन में कमी, ग्लोबल वार्मिंग से संबंधित

💥 स्टॉकहोम सम्मेलन, 1972: - 5 जून को विश्व पर्यावरण दिवस घोषित किया गया

💥 कार्टाजोना प्रोटोकॉल : - जैव विविधता से संबंधित (2003 से प्रभावी)

💥 नागोया प्रोटोकॉल (2010): - जैव विविधता से संबंधित, आईची लक्ष्यों की घोषणा की गयी। (लक्ष्यों की संख्या - 20)

💥 रियो+20 (2012): - रियो डी जेनेरियो में आयोजित। हरित अर्थव्यवस्था एवं सतत विकास से संबंधित।

💥 विएना समझौता (1985): - ओजोन परत संरक्षण से संबंधित

💥ANTRA मोंट्रियल प्रोटोकॉल (1987): - ओजोन परत के संरक्षण से संबंधित

💥 बेसल कन्वेंशन (1989): - खतरनाक अपशिष्टों के अंतर्सीमा स्थानांतरण एवं निस्तारण से संबंधित ।

💥 हेलसिंकी सम्मेलन (1974): - समुद्री पर्यावरण सुरक्षा से संबंधित

💥 मिनीमाता कन्वेंशन (2013): - पारा के नियंत्रण से संबंधित



Conferences related to environment👇👇

💥 Kyoto Protocol - Reduction in emission of greenhouse gases, related to global warming

💥 Stockholm Conference, 1972: - 5 June was declared as World Environment Day

💥 Cartagona Protocol: - Related to biodiversity (effective from 2003)

💥 Nagoya Protocol (2010): - Related to biodiversity, Aichi targets were announced. (Number of targets - 20)

💥 Rio+20 (2012): - Held in Rio de Janeiro. Related to green economy and sustainable development.

💥 Vienna Convention (1985): - Related to ozone layer protection

💥ANTRA Montreal Protocol (1987): -
Related to ozone layer protection

💥 Basel Convention (1989): - Related to inter-boundary transfer and disposal of hazardous wastes.

💥 Helsinki Convention (1974): - Related to marine environmental protection

💥 Minamata Convention (2013): - Related to the control of mercury

✅Tripura

🌻Lok Sabha seats – 2.
🌻Rajya Sabha seats – 1.
🌻State Animal – Phayre's leaf monkey.
🌻State Bird – Green imperial pigeon.

✅Meghalaya
🌻Lok Sabha seats – 2.
🌻Rajya Sabha seats – 1.
🌻State Animal – Clouded leopard.
🌻State Bird – Common hill myna.

✅Manipur
🌻Lok Sabha seats – 2.
🌻Rajya Sabha seats – 1.
🌻State Animal – Sangai.
🌻State Bird – Mrs. Hume's pheasant.


✍ Credit -  Pihu kaur⋆˙

🟢 INDIA'S GOVERNMENT TARGETS:

1. 100% electrification of Broad Gauge routes by 2023.
2. Connecting all state capitals in Northeast with rail network by 2023.
3. Achieving self-reliance in fertilizer sector by 2023.
4. Completing Delhi-Mumbai Expressway by 2023.
5. Zero diesel use and renewable energy in agriculture by 2024.
6. Launching digital radio, water supply in every household by 2024.
7. Building a $5 trillion economy by 2024-25.
8. Achieving $1 trillion digital economy by 2025.
9. Fiber optic connectivity in all villages by 2025.
10. Making India TB-free by 2025.
11. Mixing 20% ethanol in petrol by 2025.
12. Obtaining 100 million metric tons of coal gasification and 500 gigawatts of renewable energy by 2030.
13. Achieving 280 gigawatts of solar energy and reducing carbon emissions by one billion tons by 2030.
14. Ending HIV/AIDS by 2030.
15. Indian Railways achieving net-zero carbon emission or Green Railways by 2030.
16. Targeting 30% electric vehicles in the total vehicle fleet by 2030.
17. Complete elimination of malaria in India by 2030.
18. Reducing Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) usage by 80% by 2047.
19. Making India energy-independent/self-reliant by 2047.
20. Achieving self-sufficiency in shipbuilding by 2047.
21. Zero carbon emissions in Mumbai city by 2050.

🔵 6th AUGUST

❇️ HIROSHIMA REMEMBRANCE DAY
हिरोशिमा स्मरण दिवस

💠 On August 6, 2024, Japan marks the 78th anniversary of the world’s first atomic bomb attack on the city of Hiroshima.

💠 In 1945, the United States warplane Enola Gay dropped an atom bomb named “Little Boy” in the city of Hiroshima killing 140,000 people.

💠 Why the atom bomb?
The relations between Japan and the USA worsened after the end of World War II in 1945.

🟢 NEWS RELATED TO JAPAN

🔸India-Japan conducted a Maritime Partnership exercise (MPX) in the Andaman Sea

🔸Japan to participate in NATO summit for the first time

🔸Japan’s ‘Order of the Rising Sun’ award conferred to Narayanan Kumar

🔸Ecuador, Japan, Malta, Mozambique, Switzerland Elected non-permanent members for 2023-24 to the UNSC

🔸Third India-Japan joint exercise ‘EX DHARMA GUARDIAN-2022’

🔸Former Japan PM Shinzo Abe given Netaji Award 2022

🔸Japan introduced the world’s 1st Dual-Mode Vehicle

✍ Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ⛥