Now enter PN into the ASME B 16.5 pressure-temperature rating table associated with flange material. If PN is less than the allowed pressure on the rating table corresponding to the associated temperature then flange will not leak. If flange leak, then reduce bending moment and axial force acting on the flange or select the greater class flange.
1) This section presents the design methodology to be used when providing thrust restraint for
buried pressurized piping. It includes guidelines for the design of thrust blocking using the
standard details and special design requirements for non-standard thrust blocks and restrained
joint pipe.
buried pressurized piping. It includes guidelines for the design of thrust blocking using the
standard details and special design requirements for non-standard thrust blocks and restrained
joint pipe.
2) For pipe sizes larger than 24-inch, consider the cost of using one of the approved restrained joints or providing concrete thrust blocking to restrain the pipe or fitting. If the cost is approximately equal, design for concrete thrust blocks and if the restrained joints are considerably less expensive, then design for restrained joints unless otherwise directed.
3) In a pressurized buried pipeline such as a water main or sewage force main, thrust forces act on the pipe where changes in fluid velocity, changes in pipe size or changes in pipeline direction occur. This is generally at fittings such as plugs, caps, valves, tees, bends or reducers.
4) Thrust forces may also occur at the locations where new pipe is connected in-line to a different type of existing pipe with different sealing diameters. A significant example of this is the connection of large diameter Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe (PCCP) and Ductile Iron Pipe (DIP). A thrust force is created at this type of connection in the same manner as a reducer, see Unbalanced Thrust at Connections to Existing Water Pipelines, in this section.
General Requirements for Concrete Thrust Blocks ⬇️
1) Always consider the thrust forces in the design of buried pressurized pipelines, since it may cause separation of the joints and leakage of the pipeline. The most fundamental approach to resist a thrust force is to install a non-reinforced poured-in-place concrete block at the fitting.
2) The basic type of non-reinforced concrete block used for bends, tees, plugs and caps is referred to here as a concrete thrust block, but may also be referred to as an anchorage or buttress.
3) When concrete thrust blocks are used for fittings in close proximity to each other, ensure that no part of the blocks overlap and that the passive pressure soil zones do not overlap which could cause construction problems or block failure. See Passive Soil Pressure for Concrete Thrust Blocks, in this section.
4) Locate the thrust block such that its passive pressure zone of influence does not affect other
utilities or structures.
5) Provide a minimum soil cover of one (1) foot over all thrust blocks. For thrust blocks in existing or proposed roads or road rights of way, provide a minimum one and one half (1-1/2) feet of soil cover, unless otherwise directed or approved.
1) Always consider the thrust forces in the design of buried pressurized pipelines, since it may cause separation of the joints and leakage of the pipeline. The most fundamental approach to resist a thrust force is to install a non-reinforced poured-in-place concrete block at the fitting.
2) The basic type of non-reinforced concrete block used for bends, tees, plugs and caps is referred to here as a concrete thrust block, but may also be referred to as an anchorage or buttress.
3) When concrete thrust blocks are used for fittings in close proximity to each other, ensure that no part of the blocks overlap and that the passive pressure soil zones do not overlap which could cause construction problems or block failure. See Passive Soil Pressure for Concrete Thrust Blocks, in this section.
4) Locate the thrust block such that its passive pressure zone of influence does not affect other
utilities or structures.
5) Provide a minimum soil cover of one (1) foot over all thrust blocks. For thrust blocks in existing or proposed roads or road rights of way, provide a minimum one and one half (1-1/2) feet of soil cover, unless otherwise directed or approved.