1- Radial Growth of Shell
The unrestrained outward radial growth of the shell at the centre of the opening connection resulting from product head and/or thermal expansion shall be determined as follows:
The unrestrained outward radial growth of the shell at the centre of the opening connection resulting from product head and/or thermal expansion shall be determined as follows:
2- Rotation of Shell
The unrestrained rotation of the shell at the centre of the nozzle-shell connection resulting from product head shall be determined as follows:
The unrestrained rotation of the shell at the centre of the nozzle-shell connection resulting from product head shall be determined as follows:
The allowable Nozzle load can be calculated as per Appendix P- (p.2.7) or the allowable loads can be used which will be furnished by Vendor/ Mechanical Static.
Note:
1. In desert conditions Hanger type springs is used to prevent malfunctioning of Spring due to the accumulation of sand particles
2. for Large diameter tanks, tank bulging plays a important role in nozzle loading and support selection . Spring support can be advised .
1. In desert conditions Hanger type springs is used to prevent malfunctioning of Spring due to the accumulation of sand particles
2. for Large diameter tanks, tank bulging plays a important role in nozzle loading and support selection . Spring support can be advised .
Alignment Check Methodology in Piping Stress Analysis using Caesar II
“Alignment Checking” this term is quite familiar with piping engineers and all construction engineers. During piping installation at construction site it is expected that equipment flange should match perfectly (aligned) with the piping flange so that during bolting no problem occurs. But achieving that perfect alignment is very difficult to achieve. If this alignment for rotary equipments are not proper then there may be several problems in future during operation which may lead to vibration of equipment/piping system or in some situation equipment failure. American Petroleum Institute code API RP 686 provides the data for acceptable deviation from the ideal perfect alignment. As per the code if the vertical and horizontal deviation of piping flange and rotary equipment flange center line is within 1.5 mm and parallelism (rotation) is within 0.0573 degree then the alignment is accepted otherwise means to be devised to bring the deviation within those values. While performing stress analysis of rotary equipment connected piping systems in Caesar II we can very easily ensure this limitation. The following write up will describe the step by step method of doing the same.
Alignment check of nozzle flange shall be performed for all Rotating Equipments like Centrifugal Compressor, Steam Turbine, Centrifugal Pumps, Gear Pumps etc as per following procedure.