🏛️  TOP 10 FACTS ABOUT DECISION TRAPS  THEORY 🏛️

🔶 J.Edward Russo and Paul J.H. Schoemaker are main Thinkers of this theory.

🔶 Russo and schoemaker listed the ten most common 
barriers that we often encounter in making good decisions. They are as follows:

🔺1) Plunging in.
Beginning to gather information and reach conclusion without first taking a few minutes to think.

🔺2) Frame blindness
Setting out to solve the wrong problem because you have created a mental framework for your decision.

🔺3) Lack of frame control.
Failing to consciously define the problem in more ways 
than one or being unduly influenced by others

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🔺4) Overconfidence in our judgment
Failing to collect key factual information because you are too sure of our assumptions and opinions.

🔺 5) Shortsighted shortcuts.
Relying inappropriately on “rules of thumb” such as implicitly trusting the most readily available information 
or anchoring too much on convenient facts.

🔺6) Shooting from the hip
Believing you can keep straight in our heads all the information  you’ve discovered, and therefore “winging it” rather than following a  systematic procedure when making the final choice.

🔺7) Group Failure
Assuming that with many smart people involved, good choices will follow automatically and therefore failing to manage the group decision making process.

🔺8) Fooling ourselves about feedback
Failing to interpret the evidence from past outcomes for what it really says, either because we are protecting our ego or because you are tricked by hindsight.

🔺9) Not keeping track
Assuming that experience will make its lessons available automatically,and therefore failing to keep systematic records to track the results of your decisions and failing to analyse these results in ways that reveal their key lessons.

🔺10) Failure to audit our decision process
Failing to create an organised approach to understanding our own decision making, so we remain constantly exposed to all the above mistakes.

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PM Daksh Program training program is open to 18 to 45-year-olds from the following categories:
- Individuals who belong to scheduled castes
- Other Backward Classes (OBCs) with an annual household income of less than Rs. 3 lakhs.

The International Anti-Corruption Day is observed globally on 9 December to raise awareness about corruption and the ways to combat this global ill.

The day seeks to highlight the role of every part of society - individuals, non-governmental organisations, law enforcement, governments and media persons — in tackling the issue of corruption.

Theme 2022
UNCAC at 20: Uniting the World Against Corruption”."

Significance
- The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) adopted the United Nations Convention Against Corruption on 31 October 2003.
- The Convention, which came into effect in 2005, is a legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument, with a majority of countries being party to the Convention.

Facts
- India's rank improved one place to 85 among 180 countries in a corruption perception index (CPI) of 2021, according to a new report by Transparency International.
- The index, which ranks 180 countries and territories by their perceived levels of public sector corruption according to experts and business people, uses a scale of 0 to 100, where 0 is highly corrupt and 100 is very clean.
- Among those with weak scores are some of the world's most populous countries such as China (45) and India (40), and other large economies such as Indonesia (38), Pakistan (28) and Bangladesh (26)
- Pakistan dropped 16 spots in the index and was ranked at 140.

The Constituent Assembly met for the first time in New Delhi on 9 December 1946 in the Constitution Hall which is now known as the Central Hall of Parliament House.

Important facts
- The Constituent Assembly took almost three years (two years, eleven months and seventeen days to be precise) to complete its historic task of drafting the Constitution for Independent India.
- During this period, it held eleven sessions covering a total of 165 days. Of these, 114 days were spent on the consideration of the Draft Constitution.
- As to its composition, members were chosen by indirect election by the members of the Provincial Legislative Assemblies, according to the scheme recommended by the Cabinet Mission.
- The arrangement was: (i) 292 members were elected through the Provincial Legislative Assemblies; (ii) 93 members represented the Indian Princely States; and (iii) 4 members represented the Chief Commissioners' Provinces.
- The total membership of the Assembly thus was to be 389.
- However, as a result of the partition under the Mountbatten Plan of 3 June, 1947, a separate Constituent Assembly was set up for Pakistan and representatives of some Provinces ceased to be members of the Assembly.
- As a result, the membership of the Assembly was reduced to 299.
- On 29 August 1947, the Constituent Assembly set up a Drafting Committee under the Chairmanship of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar to prepare a Draft Constitution for India.
- While deliberating upon the draft Constitution, the Assembly moved, discussed and disposed of as many as 2,473 amendments out of a total of 7,635 tabled.
- The Constitution of India was adopted on 26 November 1949 and the Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950.

On that day, the Assembly ceased to exist, transforming itself into the Provisional Parliament of India until a new Parliament was constituted in 1952.

▪️10th December 1948, the United Nations General Assembly ratified and adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Human rights day was officially started on the 4th December in the 1950 meeting of the United Nations General Assembly. In South Africa, the Human Rights Day is celebrated .


According to UNO Human rights are inalienable for all human beings, whatever our place of residence, sex, ethnic origin, nationality, colour, language, religion, or any other status. These rights are all interrelated, interdependent and indivisible.


🔶In India, the National Human Rights Commission was established in 1993 under the statute of Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. 
The Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Bill, 2018 was introduced in Lok Sabha which seeks to amend the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. The amendments were made to strengthen the Human Rights Institutions of India.




▪️Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)
The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights was established in 1993 and is headquartered in Geneva. It is a part of the United Nations Secretariat and a leading UN entity for human rights. 
There are three interconnected pillars of the United Nations including peace and security, human rights and development and UN Human Rights plays a crucial role in safeguarding the same.

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▪️12वें विश्व हिंदी सम्मेलन’ का मेजबान कौन सा देश है?



▪️फरवरी 2023 में फिजी में विदेश मंत्रालय द्वारा फिजी सरकार के सहयोग से ’12वें विश्व हिंदी सम्मेलन’ का आयोजन किया जाएगा। विदेश मंत्रालय के अनुसार, इस सम्मेलन का मुख्य विषय “हिंदी: पारंपरिक ज्ञान से कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता तक” है। अब तक विभिन्न देशों में ग्यारह विश्व हिंदी सम्मेलन आयोजित किए जा चुके हैं।


उत्तर – फिजी