PGT

🔶🔶 भारतीय संविधान के प्रमुख स्रोत🔶🔶

📲 संविधान    —   💁🏻‍♀ प्रमुख स्रोत

✍️ ऑस्ट्रेलिया का संविधान — समवर्ती सूची, व्यापार, वाणिज्य और समागम की स्वतंत्रता और संसद के दोनों सदनों की संयुक्त बैठक।

✍️ जर्मनी का वाइमर संविधान — आपातकाल के समय मूल अधिकारों का स्थगन।

✍️ सोवियत संघ (पूर्व वर्ती) का संविधान — मूल कर्तव्य और प्रस्तावना में न्याय (सामाजिक, आर्थिक एवं राजनितिक) का आदर्श।

✍️ फ्रांस का संविधान — गणतंत्रात्मक और प्रस्तावना में स्वतंत्रता, समता और बंधुता के आदर्श।

✍️ दक्षिणी अफ्रीका का संविधान —संविधान में संशोधन की प्रक्रिया और राज्यसभा के सदस्यों का निर्वाचन

✍️ जापान का संविधान — विधि द्वारा स्थापित प्रक्रिया।

📌 Sources of the Constitution

🪴 Source —  💁🏻‍♀ Features Borrowed

✍️ Australlian Constitution — Concurrent list, freedom of trade, commerce and inter-course, and joint sitting of the two House of Parliament.

✍️ Weimar Constitutions of Germany — Suspension of Fundamental Rights during Emergency.

✍️ Soviet Constitution (USSR , now Russia) — Fundamental duties and the ideal of justice (social, economic and political) in the Preamble.

✍️ French Constitution — Republic and the Ideals of  liberty, equality and fraternity in the Preamble.

✍️ South African Constitution — Procedure for amendment of the constitution and election of members of Rajya Sabha.

✍️ Japanese Constitutions —Procedure established by Law.

📌 भारतीय संविधान के प्रमुख स्रोत

🪴 संविधान   —    प्रमुख स्रोत

✍️ भारत शासन अधिनियम, 1935 — संघीय तंत्र, राज्यपाल का कार्यालय, न्यायपालिका, लोक सेवा आयोग, आपातकालीन उपबंध व प्रशासनिक विवरण।

✍️ ब्रिटेन का संविधान — संसदीय शासन, विधि का शासन, विधायी प्रक्रिया, एक नागरिकता, मंत्रिमंडल प्रणाली, परमाधिकार लेख, संसदीय विशेषाधिकार और द्विसदनवाद।

✍️ संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका का संविधान — मूल-अधिकार, न्यायापालिका की स्वतंत्रता, न्यायिक पुनरावलोकन का सिद्धांत, उप-राष्ट्रपति का पद, उच्चतम न्यायालय और उच्च न्यायालय के न्यायाधीशों का पद से हटाया जाना और राष्ट्रपति पर महाभियोग।

✍️ आयरलैंड का संविधान — राज्य के नीति-निदेशक सिद्धांत, राष्ट्रपति की निर्वाचन पद्धति और राज्य सभा के लिए सदस्यों का नामांकन।

✍️ कनाडा का संविधान — सशक्त केन्द्र के साथ संघीय व्यवस्था, अवशिष्ट शक्तियों का केन्द्र में निहित होना, केन्द्र द्वारा राज्य के राज्यपालों की नियुक्ति और उच्चतम न्यायालय का परामर्शी न्याय निर्णयन।

📌 Sources of the Constitution

✅ Source — ▪️ Features Borrowed

✍️ Government of India Act of 1935 — Federal Scheme, Office of governor, Judiciary, Public Service Commission, Emergency provisions and administrative details.

✍️ British Constitution — Parliamentary government, Rule of Law, Legislative procedure, single citizenship, cabinet system, prerogative writs, parliamentary privileges and bicameralism.

✍️ US Constitution — Fundamental Rights, independence of judiciary, judicial review, impeachment of the president, removal of Supreme Court and high court judges and post of vice-president.

✍️ Irish constitution — Directive Principles of State policy, nomination of members to Rajya Sabha and method of election of president.

✍️ Canadian Constitution — Federation with a strong Centre, vesting of residuary powers in the Centre, appointment of state governors by the Centre. and advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme court.

@PROFESSOR_ADDA

Cyclone 🌪
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#30x30 GOAL

#Paper1 #Environment UGC NET

In News: As per the new research, Asia is not likely to meet the ambitious 30X30 goal proposed under the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework of the CBD.

✓ 30x30 GOAL Worldwide Initiative: for govts. to designate 30% of Earth's land & ocean area as protected areas by 2030.

✓ Launched By: High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People in 2020. It was first floated in 2019.

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#BLUE_BOND

✓ In News: SEBI has recently proposed the concept of blue bonds as a mode of sustainable finance.

✓ Type of Sustainability Bond: Blue bonds are a relatively new type of sustainability bond which finance projects related to ocean conservation.

✓ Working: Blue bonds operate similarly to any other debt instrument by providing capital to issuers who repay the debt with interest over time.

✓ Blue Economy is the "sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods, and jobs while preserving the health of ocean ecosystem".

@PROFESSOR_ADDA

#ugcnet2023 Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently launched Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment), in the presence of the UN
Secretary General António Guterres, at the Statue of Unity, Ekta Nagar, Gujarat.
About concept of LIFE
• LIFE stands for LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment).
• The concept of LiFE was introduced by the Prime Minister —at COP26 in Glasgow on 1 November 2021.
• It aims to nudge individuals and communities to practice a lifestyle that is synchronous with nature and does not
harm it. Those who practice such a lifestyle are recognised as Pro Planet People.
👉Mission LIFE
• Mission LiFE seeks to translate the vision of LiFE into measurable impact.
• Aim ➔ It is designed with the objective to mobilize at least one billion Indians and other global citizens to take
individual and collective action for protecting and conserving the environment in the period 2022–28.
o Within India, at least 80% of all villages and urban local bodies are aimed to become environment-friendly
by 2028.
• Duration ➔ The mission is a 5-year programme.
• Strategy ➔ The Mission LiFE aims at following a three-pronged strategy
o 1) Nudging individuals to practise simple yet effective environment-friendly actions in their daily lives
(demand),
o 2) Enabling industries and markets to respond swiftly to the changing demand (supply) and
o 3) Influence government and industrial policy to support both sustainable consumption and production
(policy).
• Implemented by ➔The mission will be incubated, curated and piloted by NITI Aayog and subsequently implemented
by the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
• Significance ➔ Mission LiFE emboldens the spirit of the P3 model, i.e. Pro Planet People, as it is premised on the
basic principles of ‘Lifestyle of the planet, for the planet and by the planet’.

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NEW EDUCATION POLICY FORMULA IS BASED ON ?