Difference

#Rashtrakavi 🔶
Ramdhari Singh Dinkar was born  on this day, September 23, in the year 1908.

▪️Some important facts:

• Dinkar's poetry was greatly influenced by Rabindranath Tagore and Muhammad Iqbal.
•His political thought was greatly shaped by both Mahatma Gandhi and Karl Marx.
• A poet of great gutso, he was extremely popular during his life time. His poetry exuded 'veer rasa' and had the ability to inspire any nationalist.
• His famous works include Urvashi, Kurukshetra, Krishna Ki Chaetavani, Samdheni, Rashmirathi, Sanskriti ke Chaar Adhyaye and Parshuram ki Pratiksha etc.

Awards:
• He received the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1959 for his work Sanskriti ke char adhyay.
• The government had honoured him with the Padma Bhushan Award in the year 1959 and had also nominated him thrice to the Lok Sabha.
• He was awarded the Jnanpith Award in 1972 for Urvashi.

🔶Bhikaji Cama was an indomitable lady who played an important role in the early years of India’s freedom struggle.

▪️More about her Life:
- Bhikaji Cama was born on September 24,1861 into a Parsi family.
- Influenced by an environment in which the Indian nationalist movement was taking root, she was drawn towards political issues from a very early age.
- She spent most of her time in philanthropic activities and social work.
- In 1896, she helped the victims of bubonic plague in the Bombay Presidency.
- She caught the disease herself & was advised to go to Europe for rest and recuperation. In 1902, Bhikaji left for London.
- There, she met Dadabhai Naoroji, and began working for the Indian National Congress.
- She also came in contact with other Indian nationalists, including Lala Har Dayal, and Shyamji Krishnavarma, and addressed several meetings in London’s Hyde Park.
- During her stay in London, she got a message from the British that her return to India would be prohibited unless she would sign a statement promising not to participate in nationalist activities.
- She refused & remained in exile in Europe.
- She relocated to Paris, where; together with Singh Rewabhai Rana and Munchershah Burjorji Godrej, she co-founded the Paris Indian Society.
- Bhikaji went to US where she traveled a lot, informing Americans about India’s struggle for independence. 
- She also fought for the cause of women and often stressed on the role of women in building a nation.

Literary Works
- Together with other members of the movement in exile, she wrote, published and distributed revolutionary literature for the movement, including Bande Mataram & Madan's Talwar.
- Banned in India and Britain, she sent the weekly magazines to Indian revolutionaries.

The most Notable Contribution
- On August 22, 1907, Madam Bhikaji Cama became the first person to hoist Indian flag on foreign soil in Stuttgart in Germany.
- The flag she unfurled was co-designed by Cama and Shyamji Krishna Varma.

UGC NET (PEOPLE ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT UNIT)

🔶Ban on single-use plastics (Analysis with facts )

✅The Ministry of Environment recently notified the Plastic Waste Management Amendment Rules, 2021.

● Background:

✅India banned the manufacture, import, stocking, distribution, sale, and use of single-use plastic (SUP) items since july 1 this year.

✅India is a party to the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA).

✅124 parties to the UNEA, and India signed a resolution to draw up an agreement to address the full life cycle of plastics, from production to disposal.

● Impact of single-use plastics:

✅Drastic impacts on the environment and human health.

✅Adverse effect on both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

✅They end up in the sea rather than reusable ones.

● Indian efforts:

✅Banned a number of items, including earbuds with plastic sticks, balloon sticks, plastic flags, or PVC banners less than 100 micron, stirrers, etc.

✅Piloted a resolution on single-use plastics pollution at the 4th UNEA in 2019.

✅Recognised an urgent need for the global community to address it.

✅Engaged with all member states to develop a consensus on a resolution to drive global action against plastic pollution in the 5th session of UNEA (2022).

● Plastic waste management rules in India:

✅Implemented from September 30, 2021

✅Prohibited manufacture, import, stocking, distribution, sale, and use of plastic carry bags whose thickness is less than 75 microns.

✅December 31, 2022 - plastic carry bags having thickness < 120 microns to be banned.

✅Ban does not cover all plastic bags

✅It requires the manufacturers to produce plastic bags thicker than 75 microns.

✅The standard shall be increased to 120 microns in December.

✅Plastic or PET bottles (most recyclable types of plastic) left out of the scope of the ban.

● Other Government initiatives:

✅National and State-level control rooms to ensure the effective enforcement of the ban

✅Special enforcement teams to check upon the illegal sale and use of single-use plastics.

✅Border checkpoints to prevent the movement of banned single-use plastic items between States and Union Territories.

✅A grievance redressal application by CPCB to empower citizens to help curb the plastic menace.

✅Awareness campaign towards the elimination of single-use plastics.


▪️ Professors Adda
For UGC NET JRF CUET (Wapp 7690022111)

● Challenges:

✅Conditional success

✅Will succeed only if all stakeholders participate in effective engagement and concerted actions.

✅Failed regulations

✅Almost 25 States have banned plastic at the state level.

✅Failed as there is a widespread use of these items.

✅Level of enforcement by local level authorities

✅Difficult for Local level authorities to reach out to the accountable manufacturers.

▪️ Conclusion

✅Consumers need to be informed about the ban through advertisements, newspaper or TV commercials, or on social media.

✅Companies need to invest in research and development to find a sustainable solution.


✅Greener alternatives to plastic may be considered a sustainable option.

✅Eg, compostable and biodegradable plastic, etc.