*प्रश्न / Question:*
Action Research की चक्रीय प्रकृति को कौन-सा गतिविधियों का क्रम सबसे बेहतर दर्शाता है?
Which set of activities best indicates the cyclic nature of the action research strategy?

*(A)* योजना, कार्य, अवलोकन, चिंतन / Plan, Act, Observe, Reflect
*(B)* चिंतन, अवलोकन, योजना, कार्य / Reflect, Observe, Plan, Act
*(C)* अवलोकन, कार्य, चिंतन, योजना / Observe, Act, Reflect, Plan
*(D)* कार्य, योजना, अवलोकन, चिंतन / Act, Plan, Observe, Reflect

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✅ Exam Date: 06 September 2026
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Result out ...The Madhya Pradesh Public Service Commission (MPPSC) released the MP SET Result 2026 on May 11, 2026. Candidates who appeared for the State Eligibility Test on March 1, 2026, can download the result PDF mppsc.mp.gov.in.

जिन स्टूडेंट्स का MP SET हो गया है वो Assistant Professor की इस वर्ष होने वाली exam की तैयारी करें. जिनका नहीं हुआ वो निराश ना हो NET के FORM भरे जा रहे है, सब कुछ SAME है.
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Don't miss the concept of 🔚 .Pura pdho JRF ke liye
JRF topics
1️⃣ MDGs had:
A) 8 Goals ✅
B) 17 Goals
2️⃣ SDGs target year is:
A) 2030 ✅
B) 2025
3️⃣ “Leave No One Behind” is related to:
A) SDG ✅
B) MDG
4️⃣ MDGs were launched in:
A) 2000 ✅
B) 2015
5️⃣ SDGs contain total:
A) 17 Goals ✅
B) 8 Goals

Part 2 -------
🌍 MDG & SDG – UGC NET / SET PYQ Based MCQs 📚
1️⃣ MDGs were replaced by:
A) SDGs ✅
B) HDI
2️⃣ Total number of SDG targets are:
A) 169 ✅
B) 117
3️⃣ SDGs are also known as:
A) Agenda 2030 ✅
B) Agenda 2025
4️⃣ Which organization launched SDGs?
A) United Nations ✅
B) World Bank
5️⃣ MDGs mainly focused on:
A) Developing countries ✅
B) Developed countries
6️⃣ Goal No. 1 of SDG is:
A) No Poverty ✅
B) Zero Hunger
7️⃣ “Zero Hunger” is SDG Goal No.:
A) 2 ✅
B) 5

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8️⃣ SDG Goal related to Climate Action is:
A) Goal 13 ✅
B) Goal 15
9️⃣ “Quality Education” is SDG Goal No.:
A) 4 ✅
B) 6
🔟 “Gender Equality” is SDG Goal No.:
A) 5 ✅
B) 7
1️⃣1️⃣ “Clean Water and Sanitation” is Goal No.: Professor Adda notes
A) 6 ✅
B) 9
1️⃣2️⃣ “Life Below Water” is Goal No.:
A) 14 ✅
B) 15
1️⃣3️⃣ “Life on Land” is Goal No.:
A) 15 ✅
B) 16
1️⃣4️⃣ SDGs came into effect from:
A) 2016 ✅
B) 2015
1️⃣5️⃣ Which summit adopted MDGs?
A) Millennium Summit ✅
B) Earth Summit
1️⃣6️⃣ SDG Goal 3 relates to:
A) Good Health and Well-being ✅
B) Affordable Energy
1️⃣7️⃣ Affordable and Clean Energy is Goal No.:
A) 7 ✅
B) 10
1️⃣8️⃣ Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions is Goal No.:
A) 16 ✅
B) 12
1️⃣9️⃣ Partnership for the Goals is Goal No.:
A) 17 ✅
B) 14
2️⃣0️⃣ Responsible Consumption and Production is Goal No.:
A) 12 ✅
B) 9

ये UGC NET/SET के लिए high frequency PYQs हैं।
*Quick Revision Notes – MDG vs SDG*

*1. MDGs – Millennium Development Goals*
- *Launch*: 2000, Millennium Summit, UN
- *Goals*: 8
- *Target year*: 2015
- *Focus*: Developing countries, poverty, health, education, gender
- *Replaced by*: SDGs in 2015

*2. SDGs – Sustainable Development Goals*
- *Also called*: Agenda 2030
- *Launch*: 2015, UN Sustainable Development Summit
- *Effective from*: 2016
- *Goals*: 17 goals, 169 targets
- *Motto*: “Leave No One Behind”
- *Focus*: All countries – developed + developing, economic + social + environmental sustainability

*Common Confusions to Remember:*
- *Zero Hunger* = Goal 2, *No Poverty* = Goal 1
- *Climate Action* = Goal 13, *Life Below Water* = Goal 14, *Life on Land* = Goal 15
- *Quality Education* = Goal 4, *Gender Equality* = Goal 5
- *Partnership for the Goals* = Goal 17, last wala goal hamesha exam me aata hai
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Dr.: :
📘 UGC NET Paper 1 – Unit 10: Higher Education System

1. Which is considered the oldest university in the world?
✅ Takshashila University
📌 Refer: ProfessorsAdda – Ancient Indian Universities Overview


2. Where was Takshashila University located?
✅ Present-day Pakistan (Gandhara region)
📌 Refer: ProfessorsAdda – Takshashila Education and Scholars

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3. Who was a famous teacher at Takshashila?
✅ Chanakya (Kautilya)
📌 Refer: ProfessorsAdda – Teachers of Ancient India


4. Which ancient university was known as a residential and international learning centre?
✅ Nalanda University
📌 Refer: ProfessorsAdda – Nalanda: Global Education Heritage


5. Who revived Nalanda University in the 5th century CE?
✅ Kumaragupta I (Gupta Dynasty)
📌 Refer: ProfessorsAdda – Nalanda Historical Timeline


6. Which Chinese traveler visited Nalanda and gave detailed accounts?
✅ Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang)
📌 Refer: ProfessorsAdda – Foreign Travelers & Ancient Universities


7. Which ancient university was destroyed by Bakhtiyar Khilji in the 12th century?
✅ Nalanda
📌 Refer: ProfessorsAdda – Fall of Ancient Learning Centres


8. Where was Vikramshila University located?
✅ Bihar (established by King Dharampala of Pala dynasty)
📌 Refer: ProfessorsAdda – Other Important Universities


9. What was the medium of instruction in ancient Indian universities?
✅ Sanskrit, Pali, and sometimes Prakrit
📌 Refer: ProfessorsAdda – Language in Ancient Education


10. What subjects were taught at Nalanda and Takshashila?
✅ Philosophy, Medicine, Grammar, Logic, Astronomy, and Buddhist studies
📌 Refer: ProfessorsAdda – Curriculum and Pedagogy in Ancient India

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Part 2 of UGC NET PYQ-style Amriut notes Q&A on Ancient Indian Universities, with ProfessorsAdda Topic Notes references from Unit 10

*11* . Which ancient university was established mainly for Tantric and Vajrayana Buddhist studies?
✅ Vikramshila University
📌 Refer: ProfessorsAdda – Buddhist Education Centres
12. Which university had a library complex known as "Dharmaganja"?
✅ Nalanda University
📌 Refer: ProfessorsAdda – Nalanda Library System
13. Which university was known for Naval and Maritime Education in ancient India?
✅ Valabhi University (Gujarat)
📌 Refer: ProfessorsAdda – Lesser-Known Universities
14. Which Pala king is credited with founding Vikramshila University?
✅ Dharampala
📌 Refer: ProfessorsAdda – Vikramshila: Pala Contributions
15. How many students studied at Nalanda at its peak?
✅ Around 10,000 students
📌 Refer: ProfessorsAdda – Nalanda’s International Reputation
16. Which ancient Indian university had six large monasteries or ‘Mahaviharas’?
✅ Vikramshila
📌 Refer: ProfessorsAdda – Architecture of Ancient Learning Centers
17. What was the key difference between Gurukul and University systems in ancient India?
✅ Gurukuls were individual-based learning, universities were institutional
📌 Refer: ProfessorsAdda – Gurukul vs University
18. Which king is credited with funding Nalanda through a permanent endowment?
✅ Harshavardhana
📌 Refer: ProfessorsAdda – Patronage of Ancient Education
19. Which university declined after the invasion of Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji?
✅ Nalanda
📌 Refer: ProfessorsAdda – Decline of Ancient Institutions
20. What was the modern initiative to revive Nalanda University?
✅ Nalanda University Act, 2010 (Re-established in Rajgir, Bihar)
📌 Refer: ProfessorsAdda – Contemporary Developments in Higher Education

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Q. सूची I को सूची II से मिलाइए
(paper-1)
सूची I (पर्यावरणीय शब्द)
A. वनीकरण
B. यूट्रोफिकेशन
C. मरुस्थलीकरण
D. अम्ल वर्षा

सूची II (अर्थ)
1.जल में अत्यधिक पोषक तत्व वृद्धि
2.उपजाऊ भूमि का रेगिस्तान में बदलना
3.वृक्षारोपण
4.अम्लीय प्रदूषकों वाली वर्षा

विकल्प:
A. A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
B. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
C. A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
D. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4

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Q. Match List I with List II
(paper-1)

List I (Environmental Terms)
A. Afforestation
B. Eutrophication
C. Desertification
D. Acid Rain

List II (Meaning)
1.Excess nutrient enrichment in water
2.Conversion of fertile land into desert
3.Plantation of trees
4.Rain containing acidic pollutants

Options:
A. A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
B. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
C. A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
D. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4

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