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Forwarded from Professor Adda NET SET
🟡🟡आधुनिक भारत में शिक्षा का विकास क्रम
● कोलकाता में मदरसा की स्थापना - 1780 (प्रथम प्रमुख - मुइज़-उद-दीन)
● बनारस में प्रथम संस्कृत कॉलेज - 1791 (जोनाथन डंकन)
● एशियाटिक सोसाइटी की स्थापना - 1784 (सर विलियम जोन्स)
● भगवत गीता का अंग्रेजी में अनुवाद - 1785 (चार्ल्स विल्किंस)
● अभिज्ञान शाकुंतलम का अंग्रेजी में अनुवाद - 1789 (विलियम जोन्स)
● फोर्ट विलियम कॉलेज की स्थापना - 10 जुलाई 1800 (लॉर्ड रिचर्ड कोले वेलेजली)
● हिंदू कॉलेज की स्थापना - 1817 (डेविड हेयर, एलेक्जेंडर डफ और राजा राम मोहन रॉय)
● दिल्ली कॉलेज College 🔔की स्थापना - 1824
● मैकाले के स्मरण पत्र (Minute) से आधुनिक शिक्षा प्रणाली की नींव - 1835
● भारत में अंग्रेजी शिक्षा का मैग्नाकार्टा कहे जाने वाले चार्ल्स वुड डिस्पैच का गठन - 1854
● तीन विश्वविद्यालय कोलकाता, मद्रास और मुंबई की स्थापना - 1857
● मेयो कॉलेज की स्थापना - 1875 (अजमेर)
● मुस्लिम एंग्लो ओरिएंटल कॉलेज की स्थापना - 1875 (अलीगढ़)
● हंटर आयोग का गठन - 1882 (प्राथमिक शिक्षा से संबंधित)
● रंगपुर नेशनल स्कूल की स्थापना - 1905
● राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा परिषद की स्थापना - 15 अगस्त 1906
● मुंबई में प्रथम महिला विश्वविद्यालय की स्थापना - 1916 (डीके कर्वे)
● सैंडलर आयोग का गठन - 1917 (अन्य सदस्य - आशुतोष मुखर्जी और डॉक्टर जियाउद्दीन अहमद) (माध्यमिक शिक्षा के सुधार पर जोर)
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📲 76900-22111 / 9216228788
🟡🟡Development of education in modern India
● Establishment of Madrasa in Kolkata - 1780 (First Head - Muiz-ud-Din)
● First Sanskrit College in Banaras - 1791 (Jonathan Duncan)
● Establishment of Asiatic Society - 1784 (Sir William Jones)
● Translation of Bhagavad Gita into English - 1785 (Charles Wilkins)
● Translation of Abhijnana Shakuntalam into English - 1789 (William Jones)
● Establishment of Fort William College - 10 July 1800 (Lord Richard Cole Wellesley)
● Establishment of Hindu College - 1817 (David Hare, Alexander Duff and Raja Ram Mohan Roy)
● Establishment of Delhi College - 1824
● Foundation of modern education system from Macaulay's Minute - 1835
● Formation of Charles Wood Dispatch, called the Magna Carta of English education in India - 1854
● Establishment of three universities Kolkata, Madras and Mumbai - 1857
● Establishment of Mayo College - 1875 (Ajmer)
● Establishment of Muslim Anglo Oriental College - 1875 (Aligarh)
● Formation of Hunter Commission - 1882 (related to primary education)
● Establishment of Rangpur National School - 1905
● Establishment of National Education Council - 15 August 1906
● Establishment of first women's university in Mumbai - 1916 (DK Karve)
● Formation of Sandler Commission - 1917 (other members - Ashutosh Mukherjee and Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed) (emphasis on reform of secondary education)
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● कोलकाता में मदरसा की स्थापना - 1780 (प्रथम प्रमुख - मुइज़-उद-दीन)
● बनारस में प्रथम संस्कृत कॉलेज - 1791 (जोनाथन डंकन)
● एशियाटिक सोसाइटी की स्थापना - 1784 (सर विलियम जोन्स)
● भगवत गीता का अंग्रेजी में अनुवाद - 1785 (चार्ल्स विल्किंस)
● अभिज्ञान शाकुंतलम का अंग्रेजी में अनुवाद - 1789 (विलियम जोन्स)
● फोर्ट विलियम कॉलेज की स्थापना - 10 जुलाई 1800 (लॉर्ड रिचर्ड कोले वेलेजली)
● हिंदू कॉलेज की स्थापना - 1817 (डेविड हेयर, एलेक्जेंडर डफ और राजा राम मोहन रॉय)
● दिल्ली कॉलेज College 🔔की स्थापना - 1824
● मैकाले के स्मरण पत्र (Minute) से आधुनिक शिक्षा प्रणाली की नींव - 1835
● भारत में अंग्रेजी शिक्षा का मैग्नाकार्टा कहे जाने वाले चार्ल्स वुड डिस्पैच का गठन - 1854
● तीन विश्वविद्यालय कोलकाता, मद्रास और मुंबई की स्थापना - 1857
● मेयो कॉलेज की स्थापना - 1875 (अजमेर)
● मुस्लिम एंग्लो ओरिएंटल कॉलेज की स्थापना - 1875 (अलीगढ़)
● हंटर आयोग का गठन - 1882 (प्राथमिक शिक्षा से संबंधित)
● रंगपुर नेशनल स्कूल की स्थापना - 1905
● राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा परिषद की स्थापना - 15 अगस्त 1906
● मुंबई में प्रथम महिला विश्वविद्यालय की स्थापना - 1916 (डीके कर्वे)
● सैंडलर आयोग का गठन - 1917 (अन्य सदस्य - आशुतोष मुखर्जी और डॉक्टर जियाउद्दीन अहमद) (माध्यमिक शिक्षा के सुधार पर जोर)
For pdf join group 👇👇
https://chat.whatsapp.com/KPVi3WVj2gQ37kyxiq3G7q
Professors Adda[1 Stop Solution√]
[UGC-NET SET JRF/AsstProf]
Guidance/PDF notes /Test Series
💯Study Kit Home delivery Facility .
Discounts & Free Study 📚 Content. गुणवत्तापूर्ण , संपूर्ण और अपडटेड
📲 76900-22111 / 9216228788
🟡🟡Development of education in modern India
● Establishment of Madrasa in Kolkata - 1780 (First Head - Muiz-ud-Din)
● First Sanskrit College in Banaras - 1791 (Jonathan Duncan)
● Establishment of Asiatic Society - 1784 (Sir William Jones)
● Translation of Bhagavad Gita into English - 1785 (Charles Wilkins)
● Translation of Abhijnana Shakuntalam into English - 1789 (William Jones)
● Establishment of Fort William College - 10 July 1800 (Lord Richard Cole Wellesley)
● Establishment of Hindu College - 1817 (David Hare, Alexander Duff and Raja Ram Mohan Roy)
● Establishment of Delhi College - 1824
● Foundation of modern education system from Macaulay's Minute - 1835
● Formation of Charles Wood Dispatch, called the Magna Carta of English education in India - 1854
● Establishment of three universities Kolkata, Madras and Mumbai - 1857
● Establishment of Mayo College - 1875 (Ajmer)
● Establishment of Muslim Anglo Oriental College - 1875 (Aligarh)
● Formation of Hunter Commission - 1882 (related to primary education)
● Establishment of Rangpur National School - 1905
● Establishment of National Education Council - 15 August 1906
● Establishment of first women's university in Mumbai - 1916 (DK Karve)
● Formation of Sandler Commission - 1917 (other members - Ashutosh Mukherjee and Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed) (emphasis on reform of secondary education)
Join @PROFESSOR_ADDA
Professors Adda[1 Stop Solution√]
[UGC-NET SET JRF/AsstProf]
Guidance/PDF notes /Test Series
💯Study Kit Home delivery Facility .
Discounts & Free Study 📚 Content. गुणवत्तापूर्ण , संपूर्ण और अपडटेड
📲 76900-22111 / 9216228788
Get pdf notes group 👇👇👇
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❤2
Top 50 Environment MCQs Explanation.pdf
707 KB
UGC NET Top 50 Environment MCQs Explanation.Latest pdf
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पर्यावरण_टॉप_50_प्रश्न_और_व्याख्या_UGC_NET_.pdf
698.8 KB
यू जी सी नेट 50 प्रश्न व्याख्या सहित 2025
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Forwarded from UGC NET SET notes PDF
🌳 UNIT -- 9
(MCQs) on the topic of Pollution (Air, Water, Soil, and Noise), each with detailed explanations, tailored for UGC NET Paper 1 by Professors Adda Expert Team
🌳
🧪 Topic: Pollution – Types, Indicators, and Effects
Q1. Which of the following is a major contributor to indoor air pollution in rural India?
Options:
A) Diesel engines
B) Coal-burning power plants
C) Biomass burning
D) Vehicle emissions
✅ Answer: C) Biomass burning
📌 Explanation:
Traditional cookstoves using wood, dung, or crop waste release PM, CO, and hydrocarbons.
Leads to respiratory issues, especially among women and children.
Major concern in energy-poor households.
🌳
Q2. The indicator of organic pollution in water bodies is:
Options:
A) pH
B) BOD
C) TDS
D) DO
✅ Answer: B) BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand)
📌 Explanation:
Higher BOD means more organic waste is present.
Indicates oxygen required by microbes to decompose waste.
Used to assess water quality in rivers and lakes.
🔥Both Medium New updated Study KIT available
I CLICK here ,you will get 👉 wa.me/+919694190992?text=I_need_notes_With_trend_analysis_my_subject_is
Q3. Which gas is responsible for acid rain?
Options:
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Methane
C) Sulphur dioxide
D) Hydrogen sulfide
✅ Answer: C) Sulphur dioxide
📌 Explanation:
SO₂ and NOₓ mix with water vapor to form sulfuric and nitric acids.
Leads to acid precipitation damaging soil, water, and architecture.
🌳
Q4. Which pollutant is most harmful for the ozone layer?
Options:
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Methane
C) CFCs
D) Lead
✅ Answer: C) CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)
📌 Explanation:
Stable gases that reach the stratosphere and release chlorine.
Chlorine catalyzes the destruction of ozone molecules.
Regulated under Montreal Protocol (1987).
🌳
Q5. Blue Baby Syndrome is caused by excess of:
Options:
A) Lead
B) Arsenic
C) Nitrates
D) Mercury
✅ Answer: C) Nitrates
📌 Explanation:
Nitrates in water can interfere with oxygen transport in infants.
Converts hemoglobin to methemoglobin.
Associated with use of nitrogen fertilizers.
🌳
Q6. The Air Quality Index (AQI) includes all except:
Options:
A) PM2.5
B) CO
C) NH₃
D) O₃
✅ Answer: C) NH₃
📌 Explanation:
AQI generally includes PM10, PM2.5, CO, NO₂, SO₂, O₃, and NH₃, but NH₃ is not in all country-specific AQI systems.
India's AQI includes NH₃, but earlier global versions didn’t.
🌳Both Medium New updated Study KIT available
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Q7. Which is the major pollutant from vehicles?
Options:
A) SO₂
B) CO
C) H₂S
D) Fluoride
✅ Answer: B) CO (Carbon Monoxide)
📌 Explanation:
Produced due to incomplete combustion of fuel.
Binds with hemoglobin more strongly than oxygen, causing health hazards.
Major urban air pollutant.
🌳
Q8. Eutrophication in lakes is mainly due to:
Options:
A) Heavy metal deposition
B) Increased dissolved oxygen
C) Excess nutrients
D) Thermal pollution
✅ Answer: C) Excess nutrients
📌 Explanation:
Overuse of fertilizers leads to nutrient runoff (N, P).
Causes algal blooms, oxygen depletion, and aquatic life death.
Common in agricultural runoff areas.
🌳
Q9. Which of the following is a heavy metal pollutant?
Options:
A) Phosphorus
B) Nitrogen
C) Mercury
D) Chloride
✅ Answer: C) Mercury
📌 Explanation:
Toxic to nervous system.
Bioaccumulates in fish → enters human food chain.
Released by industries and fossil fuel combustion.
🌳
Q10. Noise pollution is measured in:
Options:
A) Hertz
B) Decibels
C) Pascal
D) Watts
✅ Answer: B) Decibels (dB)
📌 Explanation:
Human ear is sensitive to sounds in 0–140 dB range.
Long exposure to >85 dB can cause hearing loss.
WHO recommends ≤55 dB in residential zone
Both Medium New updated Study KIT available
I CLICK here ,you will get 👉 wa.me/+919694190992?text=I_need_notes_With_trend_analysis_my_subject_is
Professors Adda Institute
(MCQs) on the topic of Pollution (Air, Water, Soil, and Noise), each with detailed explanations, tailored for UGC NET Paper 1 by Professors Adda Expert Team
🌳
🧪 Topic: Pollution – Types, Indicators, and Effects
Q1. Which of the following is a major contributor to indoor air pollution in rural India?
Options:
A) Diesel engines
B) Coal-burning power plants
C) Biomass burning
D) Vehicle emissions
✅ Answer: C) Biomass burning
📌 Explanation:
Traditional cookstoves using wood, dung, or crop waste release PM, CO, and hydrocarbons.
Leads to respiratory issues, especially among women and children.
Major concern in energy-poor households.
🌳
Q2. The indicator of organic pollution in water bodies is:
Options:
A) pH
B) BOD
C) TDS
D) DO
✅ Answer: B) BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand)
📌 Explanation:
Higher BOD means more organic waste is present.
Indicates oxygen required by microbes to decompose waste.
Used to assess water quality in rivers and lakes.
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Q3. Which gas is responsible for acid rain?
Options:
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Methane
C) Sulphur dioxide
D) Hydrogen sulfide
✅ Answer: C) Sulphur dioxide
📌 Explanation:
SO₂ and NOₓ mix with water vapor to form sulfuric and nitric acids.
Leads to acid precipitation damaging soil, water, and architecture.
🌳
Q4. Which pollutant is most harmful for the ozone layer?
Options:
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Methane
C) CFCs
D) Lead
✅ Answer: C) CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)
📌 Explanation:
Stable gases that reach the stratosphere and release chlorine.
Chlorine catalyzes the destruction of ozone molecules.
Regulated under Montreal Protocol (1987).
🌳
Q5. Blue Baby Syndrome is caused by excess of:
Options:
A) Lead
B) Arsenic
C) Nitrates
D) Mercury
✅ Answer: C) Nitrates
📌 Explanation:
Nitrates in water can interfere with oxygen transport in infants.
Converts hemoglobin to methemoglobin.
Associated with use of nitrogen fertilizers.
🌳
Q6. The Air Quality Index (AQI) includes all except:
Options:
A) PM2.5
B) CO
C) NH₃
D) O₃
✅ Answer: C) NH₃
📌 Explanation:
AQI generally includes PM10, PM2.5, CO, NO₂, SO₂, O₃, and NH₃, but NH₃ is not in all country-specific AQI systems.
India's AQI includes NH₃, but earlier global versions didn’t.
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Q7. Which is the major pollutant from vehicles?
Options:
A) SO₂
B) CO
C) H₂S
D) Fluoride
✅ Answer: B) CO (Carbon Monoxide)
📌 Explanation:
Produced due to incomplete combustion of fuel.
Binds with hemoglobin more strongly than oxygen, causing health hazards.
Major urban air pollutant.
🌳
Q8. Eutrophication in lakes is mainly due to:
Options:
A) Heavy metal deposition
B) Increased dissolved oxygen
C) Excess nutrients
D) Thermal pollution
✅ Answer: C) Excess nutrients
📌 Explanation:
Overuse of fertilizers leads to nutrient runoff (N, P).
Causes algal blooms, oxygen depletion, and aquatic life death.
Common in agricultural runoff areas.
🌳
Q9. Which of the following is a heavy metal pollutant?
Options:
A) Phosphorus
B) Nitrogen
C) Mercury
D) Chloride
✅ Answer: C) Mercury
📌 Explanation:
Toxic to nervous system.
Bioaccumulates in fish → enters human food chain.
Released by industries and fossil fuel combustion.
🌳
Q10. Noise pollution is measured in:
Options:
A) Hertz
B) Decibels
C) Pascal
D) Watts
✅ Answer: B) Decibels (dB)
📌 Explanation:
Human ear is sensitive to sounds in 0–140 dB range.
Long exposure to >85 dB can cause hearing loss.
WHO recommends ≤55 dB in residential zone
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Forwarded from UGC NET SET notes PDF
*_नेट / जेआरएफ के लिए जरूरी_*
*प्रमुख पर्यावरणीय कन्वेंशन* 2⃣0⃣2⃣5⃣
पढ़े और साझा करे...
⭐रामसर कन्वेंशन⭐
०इसे वेटलैंड्स पर कन्वेंशन कहा जाता है।
०इसे 1971 में ईरान के ’रामसर’ शहर में अपनाया गया।
०1975 में लागू।
⭐बॉन कन्वेंशन⭐
०यह जंगली जानवरों की प्रवासी प्रजातियों के संरक्षण पर एक सम्मेलन है।
०इसे 1979 में अपनाया गया।
०1983 में लागू।
⭐ *वियना कन्वेंशन* ⭐
०ओजोन परत के संरक्षण से संबधित।
०1985 में अपनाया गया।
०1988 में लागू।
⭐मॉन्ट्रियल प्रोटोकॉल⭐
०ओजोन परत का क्षरण करने वाले पदार्थों पर एक अंतर्राष्ट्रीय पर्यावरण प्रोटोकॉल।
०1987 में अपनाया गया।
०1989 में लागू।
⭐बेसल कन्वेंशन⭐
०खतरनाक अपशिष्टों की सीमापार गतिविधियों के नियंत्रण और उनके निपटान से सम्बन्धित।
०1989 में अपनाया गया।
०1992 में लागू ।
⭐जैव विविधता पर कन्वेंशन (CBD)⭐
०जैव विविधता के संरक्षण से सम्बन्धित।
० 1992 में अपनाया गया।
० 1993 में लागू।
⭐क्योटो प्रोटोकोल⭐
०ग्रीनहाउस गैस उत्सर्जन को कम करने से सम्बन्धित।
०1997 में अपनाया गया।
०2005 में लागू।
⭐रॉट्टरडैम कन्वेंशन⭐
०अंतर्राष्ट्रीय व्यापार में कुछ खतरनाक रसायनों और कीटनाशकों के लिए पूर्व सूचित सहमति प्रक्रिया से संबधित।
०1998 में अपनाया गया ।
०2004 में लागू।
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⭐कार्टाजेना प्रोटोकॉल⭐
०यह जैव विविधता पर कन्वेंशन के लिए जैव सुरक्षा पर एक अंतरराष्ट्रीय पर्यावरण प्रोटोकॉल है।
० 2000 में अपनाया गया।
०2003 में लागू।
⭐स्टॉकहोम कन्वेंशन⭐
०Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) से सम्बन्धित है।
०इसे 2001 में जिनेवा, स्विट्जरलैंड में अपनाया गया।
० 2004 में लागू।
⭐नागोया प्रोटोकॉल⭐
०यह आनुवंशिक संसाधनों तक पहुंच और उनके उपयोग (ABS) से उत्पन्न होने वाले लाभों के उचित और न्यायसंगत बंटवारे से सम्बन्धित है।
०2010 में अपनाया गया।
०2014 में लागू।
⭐मिनामाता कन्वेंशन⭐
०पारा के प्रतिकूल प्रभावों से मानव स्वास्थ्य और पर्यावरण की रक्षा करना है।
० 2013 में अपनाया गया था।
०2017 में लागू।
⭐किगाली समझौता⭐
०ओजोन क्षरण से सम्बन्धित(मॉन्ट्रियल प्रोटोकॉल में संशोधन)।
० 2016 में अपनाया गया।
०2019 में लागू।
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पढ़े और साझा करे...
⭐रामसर कन्वेंशन⭐
०इसे वेटलैंड्स पर कन्वेंशन कहा जाता है।
०इसे 1971 में ईरान के ’रामसर’ शहर में अपनाया गया।
०1975 में लागू।
⭐बॉन कन्वेंशन⭐
०यह जंगली जानवरों की प्रवासी प्रजातियों के संरक्षण पर एक सम्मेलन है।
०इसे 1979 में अपनाया गया।
०1983 में लागू।
⭐ *वियना कन्वेंशन* ⭐
०ओजोन परत के संरक्षण से संबधित।
०1985 में अपनाया गया।
०1988 में लागू।
⭐मॉन्ट्रियल प्रोटोकॉल⭐
०ओजोन परत का क्षरण करने वाले पदार्थों पर एक अंतर्राष्ट्रीय पर्यावरण प्रोटोकॉल।
०1987 में अपनाया गया।
०1989 में लागू।
⭐बेसल कन्वेंशन⭐
०खतरनाक अपशिष्टों की सीमापार गतिविधियों के नियंत्रण और उनके निपटान से सम्बन्धित।
०1989 में अपनाया गया।
०1992 में लागू ।
⭐जैव विविधता पर कन्वेंशन (CBD)⭐
०जैव विविधता के संरक्षण से सम्बन्धित।
० 1992 में अपनाया गया।
० 1993 में लागू।
⭐क्योटो प्रोटोकोल⭐
०ग्रीनहाउस गैस उत्सर्जन को कम करने से सम्बन्धित।
०1997 में अपनाया गया।
०2005 में लागू।
⭐रॉट्टरडैम कन्वेंशन⭐
०अंतर्राष्ट्रीय व्यापार में कुछ खतरनाक रसायनों और कीटनाशकों के लिए पूर्व सूचित सहमति प्रक्रिया से संबधित।
०1998 में अपनाया गया ।
०2004 में लागू।
☝If you need study notes CLICK here ,you will get 👉 wa.me/+919694190992?text=I_need_Cimplete_notes_my_subject_is
7690022111 PROFESSOR ADDA
⭐कार्टाजेना प्रोटोकॉल⭐
०यह जैव विविधता पर कन्वेंशन के लिए जैव सुरक्षा पर एक अंतरराष्ट्रीय पर्यावरण प्रोटोकॉल है।
० 2000 में अपनाया गया।
०2003 में लागू।
⭐स्टॉकहोम कन्वेंशन⭐
०Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) से सम्बन्धित है।
०इसे 2001 में जिनेवा, स्विट्जरलैंड में अपनाया गया।
० 2004 में लागू।
⭐नागोया प्रोटोकॉल⭐
०यह आनुवंशिक संसाधनों तक पहुंच और उनके उपयोग (ABS) से उत्पन्न होने वाले लाभों के उचित और न्यायसंगत बंटवारे से सम्बन्धित है।
०2010 में अपनाया गया।
०2014 में लागू।
⭐मिनामाता कन्वेंशन⭐
०पारा के प्रतिकूल प्रभावों से मानव स्वास्थ्य और पर्यावरण की रक्षा करना है।
० 2013 में अपनाया गया था।
०2017 में लागू।
⭐किगाली समझौता⭐
०ओजोन क्षरण से सम्बन्धित(मॉन्ट्रियल प्रोटोकॉल में संशोधन)।
० 2016 में अपनाया गया।
०2019 में लागू।
Professors Adda[1 Stop Solution√]
[UGC-NET SET JRF/AsstProf]
Guidance/PDF notes /Test Series
💯Study Kit Home delivery Facility .
Discounts & Free Study 📚 Content. गुणवत्तापूर्ण , संपूर्ण और अपडटेड
📲 76900-22111 / 9216228788
.
.
☝If you need study notes CLICK here ,you will get 👉 wa.me/+919694190992?text=I_need_Cimplete_notes_my_subject_is
❤1
Forwarded from UGC NET SET notes PDF
*_Required for NET / JRF_*
*Major environmental conventions* 2⃣0⃣2⃣5⃣
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⭐ Ramsar Convention ⭐
0It is called the Convention on Wetlands.
0It was adopted in 1971 in 'Ramsar' city of Iran.
0Implemented in 1975.
⭐Bonn Convention⭐
0It is a convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals.
0It was adopted in 1979.
0Implemented in 1983.
⭐ *Vienna Convention* ⭐
0Related to the protection of the ozone layer.
0Adopted in 1985.
0Implemented in 1988.
⭐Montreal Protocol⭐
An international environmental protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer.
0Adopted in 1987.
0Implemented in 1989.
⭐Basel Convention⭐
0Related to the control of cross-border movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal.
0Adopted in 1989.
Implemented in 1992.
⭐Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)⭐
0Related to conservation of biodiversity.
0 Adopted in 1992.
0 Implemented in 1993.
⭐Kyoto Protocol⭐
0Related to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
0Adopted in 1997.
Implemented in 2005.
⭐Rotterdam Convention⭐
oRelating to prior informed consent procedure for certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade.
0Adopted in 1998.
Implemented in 2004.
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⭐Cartagena Protocol⭐
It is an international environmental protocol on biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
0 Adopted in 2000.
Implemented in 2003.
⭐Stockholm Convention⭐
0It is related to Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).
It was adopted in 2001 in Geneva, Switzerland.
0 Implemented in 2004.
⭐Nagoya Protocol⭐
o It deals with access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization (ABS).
Adopted in 2010.
Implemented in 2014.
⭐Minamata Convention⭐
To protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of mercury.
0 was adopted in 2013.
Implemented in 2017.
⭐Kigali Agreement⭐
0Related to ozone depletion (Amendment to the Montreal Protocol).
0 Adopted in 2016.
0Implemented in 2019.
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*Major environmental conventions* 2⃣0⃣2⃣5⃣
Read and share...
⭐ Ramsar Convention ⭐
0It is called the Convention on Wetlands.
0It was adopted in 1971 in 'Ramsar' city of Iran.
0Implemented in 1975.
⭐Bonn Convention⭐
0It is a convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals.
0It was adopted in 1979.
0Implemented in 1983.
⭐ *Vienna Convention* ⭐
0Related to the protection of the ozone layer.
0Adopted in 1985.
0Implemented in 1988.
⭐Montreal Protocol⭐
An international environmental protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer.
0Adopted in 1987.
0Implemented in 1989.
⭐Basel Convention⭐
0Related to the control of cross-border movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal.
0Adopted in 1989.
Implemented in 1992.
⭐Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)⭐
0Related to conservation of biodiversity.
0 Adopted in 1992.
0 Implemented in 1993.
⭐Kyoto Protocol⭐
0Related to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
0Adopted in 1997.
Implemented in 2005.
⭐Rotterdam Convention⭐
oRelating to prior informed consent procedure for certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade.
0Adopted in 1998.
Implemented in 2004.
☝If you need study notes CLICK here ,you will get 👉 wa.me/+919694190992?text=I_need_Complete_notes_my_subject_is
7690022111 PROFESSOR ADDA
⭐Cartagena Protocol⭐
It is an international environmental protocol on biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
0 Adopted in 2000.
Implemented in 2003.
⭐Stockholm Convention⭐
0It is related to Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).
It was adopted in 2001 in Geneva, Switzerland.
0 Implemented in 2004.
⭐Nagoya Protocol⭐
o It deals with access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization (ABS).
Adopted in 2010.
Implemented in 2014.
⭐Minamata Convention⭐
To protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of mercury.
0 was adopted in 2013.
Implemented in 2017.
⭐Kigali Agreement⭐
0Related to ozone depletion (Amendment to the Montreal Protocol).
0 Adopted in 2016.
0Implemented in 2019.
Professors Adda[1 Stop Solution√]
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🔥🔥 *Development of education in modern India*
● Establishment of Madrasa in Kolkata - 1780 (First Head - Muiz-ud-Din)
● First Sanskrit College in Banaras - 1791 (Jonathan Duncan)
● Establishment of Asiatic Society - 1784 (Sir William Jones)
● Translation of Bhagavad Gita into English - 1785 (Charles Wilkins)
● Translation of Abhijnana Shakuntalam into English - 1789 (William Jones)
● Establishment of Fort William College - 10 July 1800 (Lord Richard Cole Wellesley)
● Establishment of Hindu College - 1817 (David Hare, Alexander Duff and Raja Ram Mohan Roy)
● Establishment of Delhi College - 1824
Get complete pdf Click here https://wa.me/+919694190992?text=Send_me_pdf_my_subject_is
● Foundation of modern education system from Macaulay's Minute - 1835
● Formation of Charles Wood Dispatch, called the Magna Carta of English education in India - 1854
● Establishment of three universities Kolkata, Madras and Mumbai - 1857
● Establishment of Mayo College - 1875 (Ajmer)
● Establishment of Muslim Anglo Oriental College - 1875 (Aligarh)
● Formation of Hunter Commission - 1882 (related to primary education)
● Establishment of Rangpur National School - 1905
● Establishment of National Education Council - 15 August 1906
● Establishment of first women's university in Mumbai - 1916 (DK Karve)
● Formation of Sandler Commission - 1917 (other members - Ashutosh Mukherjee and Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed) (emphasis on reform of secondary education)
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🔥🔥 - *Key developments after independence:*
⚫ Establishment of University Grants Commission (UGC) - 1953
⚫ Establishment of National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) - 1961
⚫ Formulation of National Policy on Education (NPE) - 1968
⚫ Establishment of Open University system in India - 1982 (Andhra Pradesh Open University, now known as Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University)
⚫ National Policy on Education (NPE) - 1986 (revised in 1992)
⚫ Establishment of District Institutes of Education and Training (DIETs) - 1988
⚫ Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) launched - 2001 (aimed at universalizing elementary education)
⚫ Right to Education Act (RTE) enacted - 2009 (ensuring free and compulsory education for children aged 6-14 years)
⚫ Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) launched - 2009 (aimed at improving access to and quality of secondary education)
⚫ Establishment of National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) - 2015
⚫ Launch of initiatives like Digital India, Skill India, and Make in India, focusing on digital literacy, vocational training, and innovation in education - 2015 onwards
⚫ National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 introduced to revolutionize education in India, emphasizing regional language instruction and increased role for foreign university
Get ALL UGC NET subject notes
Click here wa.me/+919694190992?text=Send_me_notes_my_subject_is__
● Establishment of Madrasa in Kolkata - 1780 (First Head - Muiz-ud-Din)
● First Sanskrit College in Banaras - 1791 (Jonathan Duncan)
● Establishment of Asiatic Society - 1784 (Sir William Jones)
● Translation of Bhagavad Gita into English - 1785 (Charles Wilkins)
● Translation of Abhijnana Shakuntalam into English - 1789 (William Jones)
● Establishment of Fort William College - 10 July 1800 (Lord Richard Cole Wellesley)
● Establishment of Hindu College - 1817 (David Hare, Alexander Duff and Raja Ram Mohan Roy)
● Establishment of Delhi College - 1824
Get complete pdf Click here https://wa.me/+919694190992?text=Send_me_pdf_my_subject_is
● Foundation of modern education system from Macaulay's Minute - 1835
● Formation of Charles Wood Dispatch, called the Magna Carta of English education in India - 1854
● Establishment of three universities Kolkata, Madras and Mumbai - 1857
● Establishment of Mayo College - 1875 (Ajmer)
● Establishment of Muslim Anglo Oriental College - 1875 (Aligarh)
● Formation of Hunter Commission - 1882 (related to primary education)
● Establishment of Rangpur National School - 1905
● Establishment of National Education Council - 15 August 1906
● Establishment of first women's university in Mumbai - 1916 (DK Karve)
● Formation of Sandler Commission - 1917 (other members - Ashutosh Mukherjee and Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed) (emphasis on reform of secondary education)
Professors Adda[1 Stop Solution√]
[UGC-NET SET JRF/AsstProf]
Guidance/PDF notes /Test Series
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Discounts & Free Study 📚 Content. गुणवत्तापूर्ण , संपूर्ण और अपडटेड
📲 76900-22111 / 9216228788
Get pdf notes group 👇👇👇
Get ALL UGC NET subject notes
Click here wa.me/+919694190992?text=Send_me_notes📝
🔥🔥 - *Key developments after independence:*
⚫ Establishment of University Grants Commission (UGC) - 1953
⚫ Establishment of National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) - 1961
⚫ Formulation of National Policy on Education (NPE) - 1968
⚫ Establishment of Open University system in India - 1982 (Andhra Pradesh Open University, now known as Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University)
⚫ National Policy on Education (NPE) - 1986 (revised in 1992)
⚫ Establishment of District Institutes of Education and Training (DIETs) - 1988
⚫ Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) launched - 2001 (aimed at universalizing elementary education)
⚫ Right to Education Act (RTE) enacted - 2009 (ensuring free and compulsory education for children aged 6-14 years)
⚫ Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) launched - 2009 (aimed at improving access to and quality of secondary education)
⚫ Establishment of National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) - 2015
⚫ Launch of initiatives like Digital India, Skill India, and Make in India, focusing on digital literacy, vocational training, and innovation in education - 2015 onwards
⚫ National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 introduced to revolutionize education in India, emphasizing regional language instruction and increased role for foreign university
Get ALL UGC NET subject notes
Click here wa.me/+919694190992?text=Send_me_notes_my_subject_is__
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शारीरिक शिक्षा हिंदी माध्यम - chat.whatsapp.com/Db93taQ5K7T4bzb3kZMwh4
7⃣ Geography English medium - chat.whatsapp.com/LIxQk7WWQu3AKUIwTIy1uh
भूगोल हिंदी माध्यम - chat.whatsapp.com/HcZeS9Y45M1BZ8Kq0NoggY
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2⃣0⃣ Environmental science-
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❤2
⚫ Establishment of Open University system in India - 1982 (Andhra Pradesh Open University, now known as Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University)
⚫ National Policy on Education (NPE) - 1986 (revised in 1992)
⚫ National Policy on Education (NPE) - 1986 (revised in 1992)