Today's 20 AUGUST 2024 Current Affairs (PDF)

What is Dark Oxygen?

Overview:

Scientists have recently discovered a strange phenomenon, dubbed “dark oxygen” in the deep sea.

About Dark Oxygen:

Oxygen that is being produced in complete darkness thousands of feet below the ocean surface is termed dark oxygen.

Why is the discovery important?


Until now, it was thought that oxygen was created only through photosynthesis, a process that requires sunlight.

Oceanic plankton, drifting plants, algae, and some bacteria are the primary elements attributed to the production of oxygen in the ocean. All these organisms are capable of photosynthesis.

The production of oxygen at such depths is thought to be impossible because there isn't enough sunlight for plants to do photosynthesis.

However, in this case, oxygen is not being produced by plants.
The oxygen comes out of Polymetallic nodules that are similar in resemblance to lumps of coal.

These nodules, made up of metals like manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, and lithium, can generate oxygen through electrochemical activity even in the absence of light.

They are splitting H2O molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.

Key Facts about Polymetallic Nodules:

Polymetallic nodules, also known as manganese nodules, are small, rounded accretions found on the seabed of the deep ocean floor.

These nodules are composed of a mixture of metals and minerals, including manganese, iron, nickel, copper, cobalt, and traces of other valuable elements such as platinum, rare earth elements, and lithium.

Polymetallic nodules form through a slow and gradual process over millions of years.

They are mainly found in the north-central Pacific Ocean, the southeastern Pacific Ocean, and the northern Indian Ocean.

It is said that there may be enough polymetallic nodules in an area of the Pacific Ocean called the Clarion-Clipperton Zone to meet global energy demands for decades after.

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