🔰Past perfect simple: advanced points
الماضي التام البسيط: استخدامات متقدمة


1️⃣ Past perfect or simple past with after, as soon as, etc

🔻We can use time conjunctions (e.g. after, as soon as, when, once) to talk about two actions or events that happened one after the other. Usually the past perfect is not necessary in these cases, because we are not 'going back' from the time that we are mainly talking about, but simply moving forward from one event to the next.
🔻يمكننا استخدام أدوات العطف الزمنية (على سبيل المثال after ، as soon as ، when ، once) للحديث عن حدثين حدثا واحدًا تلو الآخر. عادة ما يكون الماضي التام ليس ضروريًا في هذه الحالات ، لأننا لا "نعود" من الوقت الذي نتحدث عنه بشكل أساسي ، و لكن ببساطة نتحرك للأمام من حدث إلى آخر.

🔹After it got dark, we came back inside.
🔹As soon as Megan arrived, we sat down to eat.
🔹Once it stopped raining, we started the game again.

🔻However, we can use the past perfect with after, as soon as, etc to emphasise that the first action is separate, independent of the second, completed before the second started.
🔻و مع ذلك ، يمكننا استخدام الماضي التام مع after ، as soon as ، وما إلى ذلك للتأكيد على أن الحدث الأول منفصل ، مستقل عن الحدث الثاني ، و مكتمل قبل بدء الحدث الثاني.

🔹She didn't feel the same after her dog had died.
🔹As soon as he had finished his exams, he went to Paris for a month.

🔻This use of the past perfect is especially common with WHEN. (When has several meanings, so we often have to show the exact time relations by the verb form.)
🔻هذا الاستخدام للماضي التام شائع بشكل خاص مع WHEN. (عندما يكون لها معاني عديدة ،غالبًا ما يتعين علينا إظهار ارتباطات الزمن الدقيقة بصيغة الفعل). قارن:

🤔Compare:

🔹When I had opened the windows, I sat down and had a cup of tea.
(Not When I opened the windows, I sat down ...: the first action was quite separate from the second.)
◽️When I opened the window, the cat jumped out.
(More natural than When I had opened the window, ...: one action caused the other.)

🔹When I had answered my emails, I did some gardening.
◽️When I wrote to her, she came at once.

2️⃣ Unrealised hopes and wishes; things that did not happen

🔻The past perfect can be used to express an unrealised hope, wish, etc. Had is usually stressed in this case.
🔻الزمن الماضي التام يمكن استخدامه للتعبير عن أماني و أمنيات غير محققة ..الخ. في هذا حالة يكون الفعل had مشدد عند النطق.

🔹I HAD hoped we would leave tomorrow, but it won't be possible.
🔹He HAD intended to make a cake, but he ran out of time.

3️⃣ Past perfect with It was the first/second ... that ...

🔻We generally use a past perfect after it was the first/second ... that ... and similar structures (Same with Present perfect. See above👆🏻)
🔻يستخدم هذا الزمن مع عبارات "كانت المرة الأولى/الثانية التي ... و صيغ مماثلة تماماً كما في الزمن المضارع التام (راجع الدرس أعلاه👆🏻)

🔹It was the first time that I had heard her sing.
🔹It was the fifth time she had asked the same question.
🔹It was only the second opera I had seen in my life.

@EnglishGrammarSecrets

📱World Health Organization (WHO) WhatsApp number! Add it to your contacts.

( +41 79 893 18 92 )

@PMPerfect1

🔹Lockdown
إغلاق تام/كلي

= a security measure taken during an emergency to prevent people from leaving or entering a building

✨Countries across the world have announced lockdown to contain the spread of the deadly COVID-19.


#Coronavirus_vocabulary
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✨In a literal sense
✨بالمعنى الحرفي

=according to the actual or physical meaning of words


🔹I didn’t mean that in a literal sense.


#Phrase
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✨Talk sense #spoken
✨تكلم بمنطقية/بواقعية
✨خليك منطقي/واقعي

= to say things that are reasonable or sensible – often used when you think someone has just said something silly


🔹Talk sense! There’s no way we can afford a new car!


#Phrase
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📕Epidemiology Dictionary - UN website.
معجم الوبائيات من موقع الأمم المتحدة


Many thanks to Prof. Omar Alamri.

#Dictionary
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اصبحت جميع القصص الصوتية التابعة للموقع المتخصص والاول عالمياً لبيع الكتب الصوتية (Audible) متاحة مجاناً اليوم قام الموقع بإلغاء إشتراك الكتب والقصص السماعية للأطفال والطلاب جميع انواع القصص اصبحت مجانية ، وتعتبر القصص من افضل الوسائل لتحسين مهارات الاستماع واكتساب الكلمات الاكثر استخدما في اللغة الانجليزية، وما يميز هذا الموقع انه ينشر القصص بصوت عالي الدقة مسجل بصوت بشري من اهل اللغة الانجليزية مستخدما احدث اجهزة التسجيل الصوتي، وكذلك يتميز موقع Audible بانه جميع اغلب القصص التعليمية الخاصة باللغة الانجليزية من ابرز الشركات المنتجة للقصص التعليمية مثل:

- Penguin readers - - Pearson English Readers - Black Cat Readers -Macmillan readers - Oxford Graded Readers - Dolphin Readers - Who Was Series - Oxford Read and Discover - Real Reading - Diary of a Wimpy Kid - Password Readers McGraw Hill Books - Inside Reading
يمكنك ان تسمع الصوت بدرجة نقاء عالية وتحسين اللغة الانجليزية بسهولة
الفرصة متاحة حتى إعادة فتح المدارس على الرابط التالي
https://stories.audible.com/start-listen

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Explore the collection, select a title and start listening.

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💢#Accept


✨In #everyday_English, when talking about accepting a job, accepting responsibility or blame, or accepting a method of payment, people usually use take:

🔻 They offered me the job and I accepted. 👉🏻 They offered me the job and I took it.

    ✨When talking about accepting an offer, people often say take someone up on their offer:

🔻 He decided to take her up on her offer.


#Essential_English_words
#Everyday_English

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💢ASK + preposition (for invitation)


🔹Ask in
انك تدعو شخص واقف عند باب بيتك للدخول

= to invite somebody into your house

🔻Ahmed is at the door. ASK him IN.

🔹Ask over
انك تدعو شخص لتناول وجبة طعام في بيتك

= to invite to one's home

🔻Why don't we ASK the Johnsons OVER for dinner?

🔹Ask out
انك تدعو شخص لتناول وجبة طعام في اي مكان خارج بيتك مثلاً مطعم، فندق، نزهة، سينما

= to invite someone for a date

🔻He wanted to ASK her OUT but was too shy.


#Phrasal_verbs
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👍🏻Speak like Natives!

✨GET OUT

🔻I got out of home. 👉🏻 = I left home.

🔻I got you out of home. 👉🏻 = I made you leave home.

🔻I got out with you. 👉🏻 = I had fun with you outdoors.

🔻I got a hair out of your eye. 👉🏻 = I removed a hair from your eye.

🔻I couldn’t got the words out. 👉🏻 = I couldn’t say something.


#Everyday_English
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✨Be/mean the world to (someone)

✨عزيز/قيِّم بالنسبة لشخص
✨يعني الكثير
✨بالعامية نقول يسوى الدنيا و ما فيها


1️⃣ To be ardently loved by or exceptionally important to someone.

🔻My little daughter is the world to me—I would do absolutely anything for her.

🔻Her job means the world to her.

2️⃣ To be something for which someone is deeply grateful or appreciative.

🔻Thank you so much for taking care of my kids when I was in the hospital. It really means the world to me!


#Phrase
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🔻Don't sweat it!

🔻لا تقلق/ لا تخاف
🔻لا تشيل هم

something that you say in order to tell someone not to worry..

means "don't worry about it", or sometimes "take it easy".

🔹Don't sweat it! We've got plenty of time to get there before the show starts.


#Phrase
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✨Dead-end job 🥺


🔻Despite having a degree in journalism in, he got stuck in a dead-end job at an insurance company.


#Vocabulary
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👌🏻GET IT RIGHT


✨When attend means ‘to be present at an event or activity’, it is not used with the prepositions to or at. It is simply followed by a direct object:

🔸You go to university, attend to classes, but learn nothing about the real world.✘
🔹You go to university, attend classes, but learn nothing about the real world.✔️

🔸They are able to attend at important meetings.✘
🔹 They are able to attend important meetings.✔️
 
✨In the same way, when attend means ‘to go regularly to school, mosque etc’, use a direct object (not attend to or attend at):

🔹It is the right of every child to attend to school.✘
🔸It is the right of every child to attend school.✔️

🔹This year saw a peak in the number of students attending at universities in Sweden.✘
🔸This year saw a peak in the number of students attending universities in Sweden.✔️
 
✨Don’t confuse these meanings with the phrasal verb attend to something, which means ‘to deal with something’:

🔻My assistant will attend to all your travel arrangements.


#Essential_English_words
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✨Prepositions with ATTEND


1️⃣ When attend means 'go to', 'be present at', it may be used transitively with a direct object and no preposition:

◽️attend a meeting
◽️attend a concert
◽️attend school
◽️attend church

or intransitively:

◾️Some people attend regularly, others only occasionally.

The latter may be followed by AT to indicate the place where one attends or is to attend.

🔹With regard to your application for the post of junior clerk, will you please attend at this office at 10 a.m. on Thursday next.

🔻The abstract noun is attendance. It is followed by OF to denote the grammatical subject:

◽️The attendance of several students has been only sporadic.

and occasionally the object:

◾️The attendance of meetings takes up a great deal of my time.

but the object is more frequently introduced by AT:

🔻attendance:
🔸at school
🔸at church
🔸at lectures, etc.

🔻In attendance = attending.

🔹Family allowances are payable in respect of children over fifteen years of age, only if they are in full-time attendance at a school, college, university, or other approved educational institution.


#English_prepositional_idioms
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2️⃣ Attend on (or upon):

accompany, usually; in the case of persons, with the idea of performing services for or carrying out the wishes of the person so attended.

🔹Wherever the Emperor went he had a number of his house-hold servants to attend on him. (Or 'He was attended on by ...')

🔻Again the abstract noun is attendance

🔹their attendance on the Emperor

🔻In attendance = having the position of, or performing the duties of, such an attendant.

🔻In accounts of functions or ceremonies at which members of the Royal Family are present, we often read:

🔹The Lady ... was in attendance'.

🔻The adjective is attendant (on or upon), though it is usually used figuratively, as in the expression:

◾️all the other ills attendant upon famine (i.e. that follow, or come in the train of, famine).

🔻Note also the passive construction attended with (=accompanied by, or (sometimes) likely to give rise to). It is used of actions, plans, situations, etc., not of persons:

◽️a task attended with great difficulties;
◽️a scheme attended with grave consequences, should it fail.


#English_prepositional_idioms
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3️⃣ Attend to:

give one's attention to:

◽️attend to the lesson,
◽️attend to one's business,
◽️attend to the teacher,
◽️attend to my car.

🔻TO is also used with the passive voice, where the passive is appropriate,

🔹His injury was attended to by a young doctor.

🔻The abstract noun is attention, which is followed by OF to indicate the grammatical subject:

▪️Leave that letter for the attention of Mr Brown.

and TO for the thing or the matter towards which one's attention is directed:

🔹attention to detail

🔻The adjective is attentive, which also takes TO:

🔸attentive to the lecture,
🔸attentive to her mistress's demands.

⚠️Notes:

🅰️✨A doctor:

🔺attends to a wound or an injury,
🔺and attends to a patient if he turns his attention to him and renders him professional service on a particular occasion.

But he attends a patient if he pays him constant visits and gives him treatment over a period.

✨The patient, in such circumstances, is attended by the doctor:

🔹In his last illness he was attended by Dr. Carson.
🔹Who was the doctor that attended him ?

🅱️ When the meaning of attend is either that of 1️⃣ or 3️⃣ above,
a person who attends is an attender:

◽️a regular attender at church,
◽️a poor attender to anything in which he is not keenly interested;

when it is that of 2️⃣, the personal noun is attendant:

🔺an attendant on the Princess

🔻Attendant is also used for one who attends to the inquiries, etc., of visitors to some large public building such as a library.


#English_prepositional_idioms
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✨Double modal


A double modal is a linguistic construction in which two modal auxiliaries are used in succession to introduce two separate modalities into a sentence.

🔹I might can jump over that bush = there is a possibility that you have the ability to jump over the bush.

OR

🔹I might be able to jump over the bush. (#Standard_English)

🔘EXAMPLES:

◽️Could you might give me a minute?
◽️Maybe we might should plan to eat out.
◽️We might can go up there next Saturday.
◽️Well, once we get under way, it shouldn't oughta take us very long.

😃Fun fact:

Some English speakers even use triple modal constructions, which is why many people refer to these as “multiple modal” constructions:

🔘EXAMPLES:

🔸It's a long way and he might will can't come, but I'm going to ask.
🔸I reckon I might should better try to get me a little bit more sleep.

This kind of modality is associated with Southern #British and #American_English, as well as a few other varieties.


#Spoken_English
#Modality
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✨Common double modal combinations

#Spoken_English
#Modality
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