➖Most confusing words➖
🔹 Many people use these words interchangeably; there is really very little difference between them. In everyday spoken English, the most common word is goal, aim and objective are usually used in more formal writing.
✏️ One small difference is that an objective is more specific than a goal, for example:
• Our goal is to improve health care for children.
general
• Our objective is to provide 10,000 children with vaccines.
specific
✏️ However, in casual conversation, most people would use goal for both general and specific things:
• My goal is to lose weight.
• My goal is to lose 20 pounds by the summer.
✏️ The words goal and objective are nouns, and the word aim can be a noun or a verb:
• The aim of this project is to increase our students' motivation.
aim = noun
• We're aiming to increase our students' motivation.
aim = verb
#Vocabulary
#Confusing_words
@PMPerfect1
Aim / Goal / Objective
🔹 Many people use these words interchangeably; there is really very little difference between them. In everyday spoken English, the most common word is goal, aim and objective are usually used in more formal writing.
✏️ One small difference is that an objective is more specific than a goal, for example:
• Our goal is to improve health care for children.
general
• Our objective is to provide 10,000 children with vaccines.
specific
✏️ However, in casual conversation, most people would use goal for both general and specific things:
• My goal is to lose weight.
• My goal is to lose 20 pounds by the summer.
✏️ The words goal and objective are nouns, and the word aim can be a noun or a verb:
• The aim of this project is to increase our students' motivation.
aim = noun
• We're aiming to increase our students' motivation.
aim = verb
#Vocabulary
#Confusing_words
@PMPerfect1
Inpatient 👉🏻 someone who stays in a hospital while they receive treatment
Outpatient 👉🏻 someone who goes to a hospital for treatment but does not stay for the night
Impatient 👉🏻 someone who is annoyed because of delays, someone else’s mistakes etc
#Vocabulary
#VS
@PMPerfect1
Outpatient 👉🏻 someone who goes to a hospital for treatment but does not stay for the night
Impatient 👉🏻 someone who is annoyed because of delays, someone else’s mistakes etc
#Vocabulary
#VS
@PMPerfect1
💬50 British Slang Words & Phrases You Need to Know💬
2️⃣1️⃣ Honk
🍃 Meaning:
🍂 Example:
“Reginald coughed so hard he honked all over the pub.”
2️⃣2️⃣ Idiot box
🍃 Meaning:
🍂 Example:
“I think I’ll spend the night in front of the idiot box.”
2️⃣3️⃣ Ivories
🍃 Meaning:
🍂 Example:
“He sure knows how to tickle the ivories.”
2️⃣4️⃣ Jock
🍃 Meaning:
🍂 Example:
“Listen Jock, I need your group gone in the next five minutes.”
2️⃣5️⃣ Joe Bloggs
🍃 Meaning:
🍂 Example:
“I don’t know who he was. Just some Joe Bloggs.”
2️⃣6️⃣ Kerfuffle
🍃 Meaning:
🍂 Example:
“He and I got into a kerfuffle over politics.”
2️⃣7️⃣ Knees up
🍃 Meaning:
🍂 Example:
“This party is knees up.”
2️⃣8️⃣ Know One’s Onions
🍃 Meaning:
🍂 Example:
“Go ask John. He know his onions about cars.”
2️⃣9️⃣ Lag
🍃 Meaning:
🍂 Example:
“The old lag can’t find a job so he sits at the pub and drinks.”
3️⃣0️⃣ Laughing Gear
🍃 Meaning:
🍂 Example:
“Shut your laughing gear, Reginald.”
#Slangs
#Phrases
@PMPerfect1
2️⃣1️⃣ Honk
🍃 Meaning:
To vomit.🍂 Example:
“Reginald coughed so hard he honked all over the pub.”
2️⃣2️⃣ Idiot box
🍃 Meaning:
A television set.🍂 Example:
“I think I’ll spend the night in front of the idiot box.”
2️⃣3️⃣ Ivories
🍃 Meaning:
Teeth, piano keys, or dice.🍂 Example:
“He sure knows how to tickle the ivories.”
2️⃣4️⃣ Jock
🍃 Meaning:
A nickname for John in Scotland but widely used as a Scottish everyman term like, dude, or mack, or buddy. It can be pejorative depending on context.🍂 Example:
“Listen Jock, I need your group gone in the next five minutes.”
2️⃣5️⃣ Joe Bloggs
🍃 Meaning:
Equivalent to Joe Blow. A typical, average, or unremarkable man.🍂 Example:
“I don’t know who he was. Just some Joe Bloggs.”
2️⃣6️⃣ Kerfuffle
🍃 Meaning:
A skirmish or fight caused by differing views.🍂 Example:
“He and I got into a kerfuffle over politics.”
2️⃣7️⃣ Knees up
🍃 Meaning:
Adjective for liveliness.🍂 Example:
“This party is knees up.”
2️⃣8️⃣ Know One’s Onions
🍃 Meaning:
To be well versed on a subject.🍂 Example:
“Go ask John. He know his onions about cars.”
2️⃣9️⃣ Lag
🍃 Meaning:
A convict, especially one who served or is serving a long prison sentence.🍂 Example:
“The old lag can’t find a job so he sits at the pub and drinks.”
3️⃣0️⃣ Laughing Gear
🍃 Meaning:
A metaphor for one’s mouth.🍂 Example:
“Shut your laughing gear, Reginald.”
#Slangs
#Phrases
@PMPerfect1
Future tense - will vs. going to
A very confusing concept is when to use will and when to use be going to when we refer the future.
Both refer to the future and there is a slight difference between the two though in most cases they can be used interchangeably with no difference in meaning. Even if you misuse them, a native speaker is going to understand you without any problems.
🔹 When to use going to
The structure be going to is normally used to indicate the future but with some type of connection to the present. We use it in the following situations:
1. When we have already decided or we intend to do something in the future. (Prior Plan)
The decision has been made before the moment of speaking.
• They're going to retire to the beach - in fact, they have already bought a little beach house.
• I'm going to accept the job offer.
2. When there are definite signs that something is going to happen. (Evidence)
Something is likely to happen based on the evidence or experience you have.
• I think it is going to rain - I just felt a drop.
• I don't feel well. I think I'm going to throw up. (throw up = vomit)
3. When something is about to happen:
• Get back! The bomb is going to explode.
🔹 When to use will
In other cases, where there is no implicit or explicit connection to the present, use will:
1. For things that we decide to do now. (Rapid Decisions)
This is when you make a decision at that moment, in a spontaneous way.
• I'll buy one for you too.
• I think I'll try one of those. (I just decided this right now)
2. When we think or believe something about the future. (Prediction)
• My team will not win the league this season.
• I think it will rain later so take an umbrella with you.
📌 Note: You can use both will and going to for making future predictions.
3. To make an offer, a promise or a threat.
• I'll give you a discount if you buy it right now.
• I promise I will behave next time.
• I'll take you to the movies if you'd like.
4. You use won't when someone refuses to do something.
• I told him to take out the trash but he won't do it.
• My kids won't listen to anything I say.
• My car won't start.
🔹 Future Predictions
As you can see, both will and going to can be used for making future predictions without having a real difference in meaning.
• The weather report says it will rain tomorrow. (Correct)
• The weather report says it is going to rain tomorrow. (Correct)
🔹 Compare will vs. going to
If someone asks: "Are you busy this evening?"
If I respond: "Yes, I'm going to the movies." I use going to because it is a plan I made earlier (before I was asked the question). - In this case, we cannot use will.
If I haven't made plans, then you can say either: "I will probably watch TV." OR "I'm probably going to watch TV."
Both will and going to are possible in this situation because we are predicting what will happen (since we haven't made any plans).
#Grammar
@PMPerfect1
A very confusing concept is when to use will and when to use be going to when we refer the future.
Both refer to the future and there is a slight difference between the two though in most cases they can be used interchangeably with no difference in meaning. Even if you misuse them, a native speaker is going to understand you without any problems.
🔹 When to use going to
The structure be going to is normally used to indicate the future but with some type of connection to the present. We use it in the following situations:
1. When we have already decided or we intend to do something in the future. (Prior Plan)
The decision has been made before the moment of speaking.
• They're going to retire to the beach - in fact, they have already bought a little beach house.
• I'm going to accept the job offer.
2. When there are definite signs that something is going to happen. (Evidence)
Something is likely to happen based on the evidence or experience you have.
• I think it is going to rain - I just felt a drop.
• I don't feel well. I think I'm going to throw up. (throw up = vomit)
3. When something is about to happen:
• Get back! The bomb is going to explode.
🔹 When to use will
In other cases, where there is no implicit or explicit connection to the present, use will:
1. For things that we decide to do now. (Rapid Decisions)
This is when you make a decision at that moment, in a spontaneous way.
• I'll buy one for you too.
• I think I'll try one of those. (I just decided this right now)
2. When we think or believe something about the future. (Prediction)
• My team will not win the league this season.
• I think it will rain later so take an umbrella with you.
📌 Note: You can use both will and going to for making future predictions.
3. To make an offer, a promise or a threat.
• I'll give you a discount if you buy it right now.
• I promise I will behave next time.
• I'll take you to the movies if you'd like.
4. You use won't when someone refuses to do something.
• I told him to take out the trash but he won't do it.
• My kids won't listen to anything I say.
• My car won't start.
🔹 Future Predictions
As you can see, both will and going to can be used for making future predictions without having a real difference in meaning.
• The weather report says it will rain tomorrow. (Correct)
• The weather report says it is going to rain tomorrow. (Correct)
🔹 Compare will vs. going to
If someone asks: "Are you busy this evening?"
If I respond: "Yes, I'm going to the movies." I use going to because it is a plan I made earlier (before I was asked the question). - In this case, we cannot use will.
If I haven't made plans, then you can say either: "I will probably watch TV." OR "I'm probably going to watch TV."
Both will and going to are possible in this situation because we are predicting what will happen (since we haven't made any plans).
#Grammar
@PMPerfect1
📚take into account
✍🏾Meaning:
❕For example:
🔺Don't forget to take the traffic into account when you decide what time to leave for the airport.
🔺The judge said she'd take into account his health problems when she sentenced him for the crime.
#Idioms
@PMPerfect1
✍🏾Meaning:
If you take something or someone into account, you consider them when making a decision or making plans.
❕For example:
🔺Don't forget to take the traffic into account when you decide what time to leave for the airport.
🔺The judge said she'd take into account his health problems when she sentenced him for the crime.
#Idioms
@PMPerfect1
~ SUFFIXES ~
• forget + -ful = forgetful
• use + -ful = useful
• state + -ment = statement
• govern + -ment = government
• complicate + -ion = complication
• create + -ion = creation
The new word is most often a different word class from the original word.
Above, the suffix -ful has changed verbs to adjectives, -ment, and -ion have changed verbs to nouns.
If you see a word ending in -ment, for example, it is likely to be a noun (e.g. commitment, contentment).
#Vocabulary
#Grammar
#Suffix
@PMPerfect1
A suffix is a letter or group of letters added at the end of a word which makes a new word.• forget + -ful = forgetful
• use + -ful = useful
• state + -ment = statement
• govern + -ment = government
• complicate + -ion = complication
• create + -ion = creation
The new word is most often a different word class from the original word.
Above, the suffix -ful has changed verbs to adjectives, -ment, and -ion have changed verbs to nouns.
If you see a word ending in -ment, for example, it is likely to be a noun (e.g. commitment, contentment).
#Vocabulary
#Grammar
#Suffix
@PMPerfect1
*✨*Ƥracтιce Maĸeѕ Ƥerғecт*✨*
~ SUFFIXES ~ A suffix is a letter or group of letters added at the end of a word which makes a new word. • forget + -ful = forgetful • use + -ful = useful • state + -ment = statement • govern + -ment = government • complicate + -ion = complication • create…
SUFFIXES:
Often, the suffix causes a spelling change to the original word. Above, the -e ending of complicate and create disappears when the -ion suffix is added. Other examples of spelling changes include:
• beauty, duty + -ful → beautiful, dutiful (-y changes to i)
• heavy, ready + -ness → heaviness, readiness (-y changes to i)
• able, possible + -ity → ability, possibility (-le changes to il)
• permit, omit + -ion → permission, omission (-t changes to ss)
A good learner’s dictionary will give you information on the correct spelling of words with suffixes.
#Vocabulary
#Grammar
#Suffix
@PMPerfect1
spellingOften, the suffix causes a spelling change to the original word. Above, the -e ending of complicate and create disappears when the -ion suffix is added. Other examples of spelling changes include:
• beauty, duty + -ful → beautiful, dutiful (-y changes to i)
• heavy, ready + -ness → heaviness, readiness (-y changes to i)
• able, possible + -ity → ability, possibility (-le changes to il)
• permit, omit + -ion → permission, omission (-t changes to ss)
A good learner’s dictionary will give you information on the correct spelling of words with suffixes.
#Vocabulary
#Grammar
#Suffix
@PMPerfect1
Common suffixes and examples
🔵
• -age : baggage, village, postage
• -al : arrival, burial, deferral
• -ance/-ence : reliance, defence, insistence
• -dom : boredom, freedom, kingdom
• -ee : employee, payee, trainee
• -er/-or : driver, writer, director
• -hood : brotherhood, childhood, neighbourhood
• -ism : capitalism, Marxism, socialism (philosophies)
• -ist : capitalist, Marxist, socialist (followers of philosophies)
• -ity/-ty : brutality, equality, cruelty
• -ment : amazement, disappointment, parliament
• -ness : happiness, kindness, usefulness
• -ry : entry, ministry, robbery
• -ship : friendship, membership, workmanship
• -sion/-tion/-xion : expression, population, complexion
#Vocabulary
#Grammar
#Suffix
@PMPerfect1
🔵
Noun suffixes🔵• -age : baggage, village, postage
• -al : arrival, burial, deferral
• -ance/-ence : reliance, defence, insistence
• -dom : boredom, freedom, kingdom
• -ee : employee, payee, trainee
• -er/-or : driver, writer, director
• -hood : brotherhood, childhood, neighbourhood
• -ism : capitalism, Marxism, socialism (philosophies)
• -ist : capitalist, Marxist, socialist (followers of philosophies)
• -ity/-ty : brutality, equality, cruelty
• -ment : amazement, disappointment, parliament
• -ness : happiness, kindness, usefulness
• -ry : entry, ministry, robbery
• -ship : friendship, membership, workmanship
• -sion/-tion/-xion : expression, population, complexion
#Vocabulary
#Grammar
#Suffix
@PMPerfect1
Common suffixes and examples
🔴
• -able/-ible : drinkable, portable, flexible
• -al : brutal, formal, postal
• -en : broken, golden, wooden
• -ese : Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese
• -ful : forgetful, helpful, useful
• -i : Yemeni, Iraqi, Pakistani
• -ic : classic, Islamic, poetic
• -ish : British, childish, Spanish
• -ive : active, passive, productive
• -ian : Canadian, Malaysian, Peruvian
• -less : homeless, hopeless, useless
• -ly : daily, monthly, yearly
• -ous : cautious, famous, nervous
• -y : cloudy, rainy, windy
#Vocabulary
#Grammar
#Suffix
@PMPerfect1
🔴
Adjective suffixes🔴• -able/-ible : drinkable, portable, flexible
• -al : brutal, formal, postal
• -en : broken, golden, wooden
• -ese : Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese
• -ful : forgetful, helpful, useful
• -i : Yemeni, Iraqi, Pakistani
• -ic : classic, Islamic, poetic
• -ish : British, childish, Spanish
• -ive : active, passive, productive
• -ian : Canadian, Malaysian, Peruvian
• -less : homeless, hopeless, useless
• -ly : daily, monthly, yearly
• -ous : cautious, famous, nervous
• -y : cloudy, rainy, windy
#Vocabulary
#Grammar
#Suffix
@PMPerfect1
Common suffixes and examples
⚪️
• -ate : complicate, dominate, irritate
• -en : harden, soften, shorten
• -ify : beautify, clarify, identify
• -ise/-ize : economise, realise, industrialize (-ise is most common in British English; -ize is most common in American English)
#Vocabulary
#Grammar
#Suffix
@PMPerfect1
⚪️
Verb suffixes⚪️• -ate : complicate, dominate, irritate
• -en : harden, soften, shorten
• -ify : beautify, clarify, identify
• -ise/-ize : economise, realise, industrialize (-ise is most common in British English; -ize is most common in American English)
#Vocabulary
#Grammar
#Suffix
@PMPerfect1
Common suffixes and examples
⚫️
• -ly : calmly, easily, quickly
• -ward(s) : downwards, homeward(s), upwards
• -wise : anti-clockwise, clockwise, edgewise
#Vocabulary
#Grammar
#Suffix
@PMPerfect1
⚫️
Adverb suffixes⚫️• -ly : calmly, easily, quickly
• -ward(s) : downwards, homeward(s), upwards
• -wise : anti-clockwise, clockwise, edgewise
#Vocabulary
#Grammar
#Suffix
@PMPerfect1
'_____ speech' is full of lovely words, but may lack substance.
Which word is the correct?
🔶 Flowery
🔷 Floury
#Activity
@PMPerfect1
Which word is the correct?
🔶 Flowery
🔷 Floury
#Activity
@PMPerfect1
To be '_____ stiff' is to take no interest whatsoever in something.
Which word is the correct?
◻️ Board
◼️ Bored
#Activity
@PMPerfect1
Which word is the correct?
◻️ Board
◼️ Bored
#Activity
@PMPerfect1
~EXTRAVAGANT~
ex‧trav‧a‧gant
/ɪkˈstrævəɡənt/
adjective
🍂 Meaning:
#Vocabulary
@PMPerfect1
ex‧trav‧a‧gant
/ɪkˈstrævəɡənt/
adjective
🍂 Meaning:
spending or costing a lot of money, especially more than is necessary or more than you can afford#Vocabulary
@PMPerfect1
~CAMPAIGN~
cam‧paign
/kæmˈpeɪn/
noun
🍂 Meaning:
#Vocabulary
@PMPerfect1
cam‧paign
/kæmˈpeɪn/
noun
🍂 Meaning:
a series of actions intended to achieve a particular result relating to politics or business, or a social improvement
#Vocabulary
@PMPerfect1
Some Common Phrasal Verbs
◻️
🌹 Meaning:
To "make something out to be (something else)" means to describe or portray it as different than it really is.
🍃 Example:
It's really a small problem - you shouldn't make it out to be worse than it is.
🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹
◻️
🌹 Meaning:
To "talk someone into" doing something means to convince them to do it.
The opposite is to "talk someone out of" doing something, meaning to convince them NOT to do it.
🍃 Example:
The salesman talked me into buying the best model.
🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹
◻️
🌹 Meaning:
If a project or plan "falls through," it means it fails and is not successful or not implemented.
🍃 Example:
Our plans for a weekend trip fell through because my husband had to work overtime.
🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹
◻️
🌹 Meaning:
To "stop by" or "drop by" means to go for a quick, informal visit.
🍃 Example:
My neighbor dropped by yesterday afternoon for a cup of tea.
🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹
◻️
🌹 Meaning:
If you are "blown away" by something, it means you are extremely amazed or impressed.
🍃 Example:
I was blown away by the sheer size of the mountains.
#Phrasal_verbs
#Vocabulary
@PMPerfect1
◻️
MAKE OUT 🌹 Meaning:
To "make something out to be (something else)" means to describe or portray it as different than it really is.
🍃 Example:
It's really a small problem - you shouldn't make it out to be worse than it is.
🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹
◻️
TALK INTO 🌹 Meaning:
To "talk someone into" doing something means to convince them to do it.
The opposite is to "talk someone out of" doing something, meaning to convince them NOT to do it.
🍃 Example:
The salesman talked me into buying the best model.
🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹
◻️
FALL THROUGH 🌹 Meaning:
If a project or plan "falls through," it means it fails and is not successful or not implemented.
🍃 Example:
Our plans for a weekend trip fell through because my husband had to work overtime.
🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹
◻️
STOP/ DROP BY🌹 Meaning:
To "stop by" or "drop by" means to go for a quick, informal visit.
🍃 Example:
My neighbor dropped by yesterday afternoon for a cup of tea.
🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹🍃🌹
◻️
BLOWN AWAY 🌹 Meaning:
If you are "blown away" by something, it means you are extremely amazed or impressed.
🍃 Example:
I was blown away by the sheer size of the mountains.
#Phrasal_verbs
#Vocabulary
@PMPerfect1