🔰Spelling Rules🔰


📌 PART I 📌


🍃 Spelling Rule 1️⃣ 🍃

🌟I Before E, Except After C🌟

The rule goes like this:

🌀 I before E, Except after C, unless it sounds like A, as in neighbor or weigh 🌀

🔺I before E🔺

◽️Would you like a piece of cake?
◽️Jerry will believe anything. ◽️They’re planting new grass on the football field .

🔺Except before C🔺

◽️Darnell received an A on his spelling test.
◽️Jeremy spotted a spider on the ceiling.
◽️I never expected such deceit from you!

🔺Unless it sounds like A🔺

◽️Our neighbors live in a beige house.
◽️How much does the kitten weigh ?

📍 Here’s a tip 📍
It’s a good idea to memorize these common exceptions to the rule:
seize, either, weird, height, foreign, leisure, conscience, counterfeit, forfeit, neither, science, species, sufficient

🍃Spelling Rule 2️⃣ 🍃

🌟 Adding Suffixes to Words that End in Y 🌟

🔺When you add a suffix that starts with E (such as -ed, -er, or -est) to a word that ends in Y, the Y usually changes to an I.🔺

◽️Cry – cried – crier
◽️Dry – dried – drier
◽️Lay – laid (note the irregular spelling: no E)
◽️Baby – babies
◽️Family – families
◽️Ugly – ugliest

◽️This is the dustiest old house I’ve ever seen.
◽️The best bakers make the flakiest pie crusts.
◽️The soup needs the tiniest pinch of salt, and then it’s perfect.
◽️Seawater dries out your skin.

🔺The Y doesn’t change for the suffix -ing.🔺

◽️The baby has been crying for almost an hour.
◽️The minute we brought in the new puppy, our mother began laying down sheets of newspaper.
◽️We should spend some time tidying before the guests arrive.

🔺If the word in question has two consonants before the Y, change the Y to I before adding the suffix ‑ly.🔺

◽️Sloppy – sloppily
◽️Happy – happily
◽️Scary – scarily
◽️Funnily enough, I said the same thing just yesterday.

📍Of course, there are always exceptions:

◽️“Funny,” he said dryly .

#Spelling_tips
#Writing_tips

@pmperfect1

📖 Word of the day 📖


🥀 NEGLIGIBLE 🥀


▪️neg‧li‧gi‧ble ( adjective )
▶️ /ˈneɡlɪdʒəbəl, ˈneɡlɪdʒɪbəl/ BrE AmE

▫️Meaning :

too slight or unimportant to have any effect

🔹 Example(s):

• The damage done to his property was negligible.
• The price difference was negligible.

🔺Synonyms🔺

fiddling, foolish, frivolous, incidental, inconsequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, little, minor, minute, slight, small, small-fry, trifling, trivial, unimportant

🔻Antonyms🔻

big, consequential, eventful, important, major, material, meaningful, momentous, significant, substantial, unfrivolous, weighty

#Vocabulary
#Word_Of_The_Day

@pmperfect1

↗️ HOW TO MASTER ENGLISH INTONATION ↘️

↘️ Use Falling intonation in ...
↗️ Use Rising intonation in ...

#Speaking_tips
#Pronunciation_tips

@pmperfect1

🍃BINOMIALS in English language🍃

Binomials are two words separated by a conjunction that almost always appear in the same order.

#Vocabulary
#Useful_expressions
#Binomials

@pmperfect1

🍃BINOMIALS in English language🍃

🔺Common binomial pairs in English 🔺


🔰PART 1️⃣ 🔰


🔵Binomial pairs with ‘and’ conjunction.🔵
 
☘️Neat and tidy☘️

🍂Meaning: Clean and well organised, in perfect order.

🍂Example: Susan’s office is always neat and tidy: she pays a special attention to her desk.

☘️Far and wide☘️

🍂Meaning: A huge number of places, spread across a large geographical area, often used with “from”.

🍂Example: Alistair and Jane looked far and wide for the missing dog.

☘️Sick and tired☘️

🍂Meaning: Bothered or exhausted  about something/someone.

🍂Example: Ann was sick and tired of her boss, so she decided to quit her job.

☘️Safe and Sound☘️

🍂Meaning: Unharmed, 100% healthy

🍂Example: The Japanese boy who got lost in the forest, was finally found safe and sound after three days.
 
☘️Short and sweet☘️

🍂Meaning: When something is done very quickly and comes straight to the point

🍂Example: Ben’s speech has been short and sweet: he told exactly what the employees needed to know.
 
☘️Ups and downs☘️

🍂Meaning: The good and bad times

🍂Example: The ups and downs in a relationship are routine, you just have to cope with them.

☘️Wait and see☘️

🍂Meaning:To be patient until the outcome of a situation becomes clearer.

🍂Example: We will have to wait and see whether or not these measures prove to be effective in practice.

☘️Pros and Cons☘️

🍂Meaning: Advantages and disadvantages of a situation

🍂Example: We need to assess the pros and cons, before signing the contract.

☘️Null and void☘️

🍂Meaning: Not valid

🍂Example: When a contract doesn’t have a date or isn’t signed properly, it is null and void.

☘️Wine and Dine☘️

🍂Meaning: To entertain someone with a good meal and good company

🍂Example: Top managers always wine and dine the agency’s best clients.

☘️Skin and Bone☘️

🍂Meaning:Very thin, with a sick appearance.

🍂Example: When we went to Cuba, we saw a lot of hungry dogs that were nothing but skin and bones.

☘️By and large☘️

🍂Meaning: On the whole

🍂Example: We missed the train and had to buy another ticket, but by and large ,the trip to Scotland was unforgettable.
 
☘️Out and About☘️

🍂Meaning: Busy, out of home

🍂Example: I can’t sit doing nothing when I’m on holiday. I love to be out and about most of the time.

☘️Bits and pieces☘️

🍂Meaning: Small individual things

🍂Example: Then there are all the other bits and pieces involved in a wedding: invitations, photos, and car hire.

☘️On and off☘️

🍂Meaning: Intermittently.

🍂Example: With so much worry, I only slept on and off last night.

#Vocabulary
#Useful_expressions
#Binomials_with_and

@pmperfect1

🔴I Am Sorry🆚I Apologize 🔵

At first glance, you may think there is little difference in meaning between these two phrases.

However, which one you choose may depend on how heartfelt your remorse is. Let's take a closer look.

🅰️ I am sorry is a phrase that is used :

• to express regret or remorse for actions.
• to express sympathy for someone who has experienced a loss or hardship.

⭕️ I am sorry to hear about your grandmother's passing-she was a good lady.

⭕️ I am sorry that I hurt your feelings when I said I wouldn't come to your party.

⭕️ I am sorry that I broke your window with my baseball.

⭕️ I cannot tell you how sorry I am that your daughter is sick.

🅱️ I apologize is a way to formally admit that you did something wrong, whether you feel "sorry" about it or not.

So while you might formally admit that what you did was wrong, you might not actually feel remorse for your actions.

⚠️Notice how different these sentences sound.⚠️

⭕️ I apologize for hurting your feelings when I said I wouldn't come to your party.

⭕️ I apologize for breaking your window with my baseball.

⭕️ I apologize for leaving you off of the original guest list.

⭕️ If you think I was being rude, I apologize.

🔰 As you can see, these phrases do mean very similar things, and they are often used interchangeably. Yet, there is a different connotation to the phrases.

♨️I am sorry connotes a feeling of remorse, while I apologize does not.♨️

#VS
#Speaking_tips

@pmperfect1

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🔰Spelling Rules🔰


📌 PART II 📌


🍃 Spelling Rule 3️⃣ 🍃

🌟The Silent E🌟

🔺Typically, an E after a consonant at the end of a word is silent, but it does affect the way you pronounce the vowel that comes before the consonant.

The E makes the vowel sound of the word (or syllable) long (like the I sound in kite) instead of short (like the I sound in kitten).
It’s important to get the silent E right, because its presence or absence can change the meaning of a word.

◽️The monkey bit me.
◾️ Keep your fingers out of the cage: the monkeys bite .

⚠️By adding the E to the end of bit, the word is changed from past to present tense.

◽️Don’t cut yourself on the sharp knives.
◾️ The kitten is really cute.

⚠️In this case, the silent E creates a completely different word. When adding a suffix like -ed, -er or -est, the silent E is usually dropped from the end of the root word.

◽️The dog bared his teeth at the mail carrier.
◽️The baby’s eyes were the bluest I’d ever seen.

🍃Spelling Rule 4️⃣🍃

🌟Double Consonants🌟

🔺Watch out for double consonants. It can be difficult to hear them when a word is said aloud—especially if the word has only one syllable.

Double consonants are frequently found in words that have suffixes added to them:

◽️I dropped the heavy bags to the floor.
◽️Someone called for you earlier.

⚠️Some words can be pronounced as either one or two syllables, but the spelling remains the same:

◽️Blessed are the meek for they shall inherit the Earth.

⚠️In this sentence, which is a fixed expression, blessed is pronounced as two syllables: bless-ed.

◽️The father blessed his son before the wedding.

⚠️In this sentence, blessed is pronounced as one syllable: blest.

♨️Be particularly careful with words where a double consonant can change the pronunciation and the meaning of the word.♨️

◽️Cacti are native to the desert .
◽️Would you like ice cream for dessert ?

🍃Spelling Rule 5️⃣🍃

🌟Plural Suffixes🌟

🔺When do you add ‑s and when do you add ‑es to make a plural?
It’s not quite as arbitrary as it may seem.

The rule is this:

🌀If a word ends in ‑s, ‑sh, ‑ch, ‑x, or ‑z, you add ‑es.🌀

◽️I only had to take one bus; you had to take two buses.
◽️I only get one wish; you get two wishes.
◽️I have a splotch on my shirt; you have two splotches.
◽️I’m carrying one box; you’re carrying two boxes.
◽️Would you like a spritz of perfume? Two spritzes, please.

🌀For all other endings, add ‑s.🌀

◽️I have one cat; you have two cats.
◽️I have one cup; you have two cups.
◽️I have one shoe; you have two shoes.
◽️Where is my other shoe?
◽️I have one ski; you have two skis.
◽️How am I supposed to ski?
◽️I have one toque; you have two toques.

⚠️Be careful of words that don’t change when they’re pluralized (e.g., fish, sheep, moose).

♨️If you’re unsure, check the dictionary.♨️

#Spelling_tips
#Writing_tips

@pmperfect1

Into each life rain must fall but rain can be the giver of life and it is all in your attitude that makes rain produce sunshine.

💎TOO+ADJECTIVE+ TO+ VERB 💎 to express impossible situations

#Grammar
@pmperfect1

#idioms
The last straw

#Videos
@PMPerfect1

🔴 Daily Conversations:

♦️5.Directing a Conversation (Part3 of 9)

🔸5.9When you don't understand what a speaker has said

🔹Sir?
🔹Ma'am?
🔹Pardon me?
🔹Excuse me?
🔹I'm sorry?
🔹I'm sorry.I missed that.
🔹I'm sorry.What?
🔹What did you say?
🔹What was that?
🔹Could you please repeat yourself?
🔹Could you please repeat that?
🔹Could you please say that again?
🔹Say that again.
🔹I didn't quite get that.
______________

🔸5.10When you don't understand what a speaker is saying

🔹I don't understand you.
🔹I can't understand you.
🔹I can't hear you.
🔹Could you please speak slower?
🔹Please speak more slowly.
🔹Speak up.
🔹Could you please speak louder?
🔹Could you spell that?
______________

🔸5.11When you don't follow the speaker's train of thought

🔹I don't follow.
🔹I don't follow you.
🔹I don't quite follow you.
🔹I'm not following you.
🔹I'm not sure I follow.
______________

🔸5.12When you don't understand the speaker's point

🔹I don't understand your point.
🔹I don't get it.
🔹I didn't quite get that.
🔹I don't see what you're getting at.
🔹I'm not sure I get your point.
🔹I'm not sure I get what you mean.
🔹I'm not sure I know what you mean.
______________

🔸5.13When you bring up a counter point

🔹I hate to bring this up,but…
🔹I don't mean to be negative,but…
🔹I don't mean to be rude,but…
🔹I may be wrong,but…
🔹Correct me if I am wrong,but…
🔹You might be right,but…
🔹You may have a good point,but…
🔹That may be true,but…

#Daily_conversations
#directing_a_conversation

@PMPerfect1



🔺🔻🔺🔻🔺🔻🔺🔻🔺🔻

🔰In spite of🆚despite🔰


In spite of and despite have a similar meaning to although or even though.

They express a contrast between two things. They are both more common in writing than in speaking. Despite is a little more formal than in spite of.

🍃 We usually use in spite of and despite with a noun:

🔸He got the job in spite of his prison record.

🔸John’s company is doing extremely well despite the recession.

🍃 We can also use in spite of and despite with -ing:

🔸He was very fast in spite of being terribly overweight.

🔸They arrived late despite leaving in plenty of time.


⚠️ Warning:

We don’t use a that-clause after in spite of or despite. We use in spite of the fact that or despite the fact that:

✅ When they arrived at Malaga it was hot, in spite of the fact that it was only the end of April.

❌ Not: … in spite of that it was only the end of April

🍃 In spite of is written as three separate words.( not inspite )

🍃 We never use of with despite:

✅ They enjoyed the rides in spite of the long queues. (or … despite the long queues.)

❌Not: … inspite the long queues or …despite of the long queues.


#VS
#Grammar
#Vocabulary
#Speaking_tips
#Writing_tips

@PMPerfect1

🍃BINOMIALS in English language🍃

🔺Common binomial pairs in English 🔺


🔰PART 2️⃣ 🔰


🔵Binomial pairs with ‘and’ conjunction.🔵
 
☘️Hustle and bustle☘️

🍂Meaning: A large amount of activity and work, usually in a noisy surrounding.

🍂Example: He moved to his parents’ farm to have a break from the hustle and bustle of the big city.

☘️Part and parcel☘️

🍂Meaning: Something that can’t be separated from a specific condition, experience, topic.

🍂Example: Stress and fatigue are part and parcel of working on shifts.

☘️Peace and quite☘️

🍂Meaning: A period of calm, silence,etc., especially after noise, stress

🍂Example: Why don’t you allgo and play outside? Your mother needs a bit of peace and quiet.

☘️Back and forth☘️

🍂Meaning: Going from one place or position to another and back again.

🍂Example: The back and forth movement of the tide causes erosion of the coastline.

☘️Far and wide☘️

🍂Meaning: Over a great distance or large area; nearly everywhere.

🍂Example: People came from far and wide to see the show.
☘️Loud and clear☘️

🍂Meaning: In a clear and easily understandable manner.

🍂Example: The message from voters came across loud and clear.

☘️Odds and ends☘️

🍂Meaning: Miscellaneous things.

🍂Example: The garage was filled with a random assortment of odds and ends.

☘️Wear and tear☘️

🍂Meaning: The damaging effects of ordinary use in a long period 

🍂Example: When you calculate the value of a used car, you have to consider the wear and tear.

☘️Spick and span☘️

🍂Meaning: Clean, spotless; original sense “like new”.

🍂Example: I mopped up the kitchen floor so it was spick and span.
☘️Slice and dice☘️

🍂Meaning: To break a body of information down into smaller parts or to examine it from different viewpoints so that you can understand it better

🍂Example: Transcripts of the debate were available almost immediately, providing some opportunities to slice and dice the contenders’ words.

☘️Do’s and don’ts☘️

🍂Meaning: Instructions and warnings about what you should and should not do in a particular situation

🍂Example: Here is a list of do’s and don’ts for anyone planning to start a business.

☘️Live and learn☘️

🍂Meaning: Learning about life by experiences and unpleasant mistakes.

🍂Example: Live and learn is my motto. You can learn a lot from your mistakes.

☘️Live and let live☘️

🍂Meaning: Being tolerant with others

🍂Example: At first, my flatmates used to quarrel a lot, but now they decided to live and let live.

☘️Rules and regulations☘️

🍂Meaning: Law, Legislation

🍂Example: In every community rules and regulations are necessary to settle disagreements.


#Vocabulary
#Useful_expressions
#Binomials_with_and

@pmperfect1

🍂 PAST 🍂

• Adjective
• Noun
• Preposition
• Adverb

#Grammar
#Vocabulary

@PMPerfect1

🖇 ADJECTIVE+PREPOSITION🖇

#Vocabulary
#Prepositions

@PMPerfect1

📆 Word of the day 📆

🍁 GLOAMING 🍁

#Vocabulary
#Word_Of_The_Day

@PMPerfect1

🍂 FIRST, FIRSTLY or AT FIRST 🤔🤔🤔🤔🤔🤔🤔🤔🤔🤔🤔


🔴 FIRST / FIRSTLY

First can be an adjective or an adverb and refers to the person or thing that comes before all others in order, time, amount, quality or importance:

◽️Adjective: What’s the name of the first person who walked on the moon?

◽️ Adverb: Beth always arrives first at meetings.

🔸We often use first, especially in writing, to show the order of the points we want to make. When we are making lists, we can use first or firstly. Firstly is more formal than first:

◽️Dear Mr Paul

✅ First(ly) I would like to thank you for your kind offer of a job …

❌Not: At first I would like to thank you …

✅ First(ly) the sodium chloride is dissolved in the water and heated gently. Second(ly) a dye is added to the solution.

❌Not: At first, the sodium chloride …


🔴 AT FIRST

🔸At first means ‘at the beginning’ or ‘in the beginning’ and we use it when we make contrasts:

◽️At first when I went to England to study English, I was homesick, but in the end I cried when it was time to leave.

◽️He called for help. No one heard him at first, but eventually two young girls came to help him.

#Grammar
#Writing_tips
#Speaking_tips

@PMPerfect1

🖇Collocations with
“DECISION”


🅰️ VERBS 🅰️

🍃make a decision🍃

🔘Example: I want to think about it a bit longer before I make a decision.

🍃take a decision🍃

🔘Meaning: make an important or formal decision

🔘Example: I fully accept the decision taken by the committee.

🍃reach/come to/arrive at a decision🍃

🔘Meaning: make a decision after a lot of thought

🔘Example: We hope they will reach their decision as soon as possible.

🍃regret a decision🍃

🔘Meaning: wish you had not made a particular decision

🔘Example: I was already regretting my decision to go on holiday with him.

🍃reconsider a decision🍃

🔘Meaning: think about changing a decision you have made

🔘Example: He said he wasn't prepared to reconsider his decision.

🍃reverse a decision🍃

🔘Meaning: change a decision

🔘Example: They want him to reverse his decision to quit.

🍃overrule/overturn a decision🍃

🔘Meaning: officially change a decision by another person or group

🔘Example: A director of the company had overruled that decision.

🍃postpone a decision🍃

🔘Meaning: not make a decision until later

🔘Example: The government has postponed its decision about when to hold the election.

🅱️ ADJECTIVES 🅱️

🍂an important decision🍂

🔲Example: My father made all the important decisions.

🍂a big decision🍂

🔲Meaning: an important decision

🔲Example: Marriage is a big decision.

🍂a major decision🍂

🔲Meaning: very important

🔲Example: The government now has some major decisions to make.

🍂a difficult/hard/tough decision🍂

🔲Example: In the end I took the difficult decision to retire early.

🍂a good decision🍂

🔲Example: It was a good decision to change the name of the product.

🍂a bad decision🍂

🔲Example: I think he made a bad decision.

🍂the right decision🍂

🔲Example: She chose to study Engineering and it was definitely the right decision.

🍂the wrong decision🍂

🔲Example: I thought I'd made the wrong decision marrying Jeff.

🍂a conscious/deliberate decision🍂

🔲Meaning: one that you have thought about clearly

🔲Example: Belinda had made a conscious decision to have a baby.

🍂a clear/firm decision🍂

🔲Meaning: a definite one

🔲Example: It's now time to come to a clear decision on this.

🍂a final decision🍂

🔲Meaning: one that will not be changed

🔲Example: The council will make a final decision in four months.

🍂a snap decision🍂

🔲Meaning: one that you make extremely quickly

🔲Example: Police officers often have to make snap decisions on how to act.

🍂a controversial decision🍂

🔲Meaning: that people disagree about

🔲Example: The history of the law is full of controversial decisions.

🍂a hasty decision🍂

🔲Meaning: one that you make without enough thought

🔲Example: Don't let yourself be forced into making hasty decisions.

🍂a joint decision🍂

🔲Meaning: one that two people make together

🔲Example: Jo and I made a joint decision that we should separate.

🍂a collective decision🍂

🔲Meaning: one that a number of people make together

🔲Example: Society should take collective decisions about individual rights and responsibilities.

#Vocabulary
#Collocations

@PMPerfect1

🙂 Remain CALM! 🙂

#Be_Positive

@PMPerfect1