💎ROUGH DIAMOND💎
a rough diamond mainly #British or a diamond in the rough #American
1️⃣ If you call someone, especially a man a rough diamond, you admire their good qualities, even though they are not very polite or well-educated.
🔹Marden was the rough diamond of the three, feared for his ruthlessness but respected for his First World War Military Cross.
🔹I liked Neil Murphy, who is somewhat of a diamond in the rough.
2️⃣ If you call someone or something a rough diamond, you mean that they have talent or good qualities which are hidden or not well developed and could be developed more.
🔹The young actor was a rough diamond. With some training, she'd become a superstar.
🔹British first novels are more likely to be rough diamonds, with flashes of inspiration in an imperfect whole.
🔹When I heard this lady sing, I ran to the theater, and I said, `Chick, I found myself a diamond in the rough.'
🔹Don’t be put off by your first impressions — he’s something of a rough diamond.
🔹She is very honest, and will be hard to cut as a rough diamond.
📝Note: A rough diamond is a diamond that has not yet been cut and polished.
The simile comes from mining, where the uncut, unpolished diamond resembles a hunk of worthless rock but may, after processing, be both beautiful and very valuable.
#idiom
@PMPerfect1
a rough diamond mainly #British or a diamond in the rough #American
1️⃣ If you call someone, especially a man a rough diamond, you admire their good qualities, even though they are not very polite or well-educated.
🔹Marden was the rough diamond of the three, feared for his ruthlessness but respected for his First World War Military Cross.
🔹I liked Neil Murphy, who is somewhat of a diamond in the rough.
2️⃣ If you call someone or something a rough diamond, you mean that they have talent or good qualities which are hidden or not well developed and could be developed more.
🔹The young actor was a rough diamond. With some training, she'd become a superstar.
🔹British first novels are more likely to be rough diamonds, with flashes of inspiration in an imperfect whole.
🔹When I heard this lady sing, I ran to the theater, and I said, `Chick, I found myself a diamond in the rough.'
🔹Don’t be put off by your first impressions — he’s something of a rough diamond.
🔹She is very honest, and will be hard to cut as a rough diamond.
📝Note: A rough diamond is a diamond that has not yet been cut and polished.
The simile comes from mining, where the uncut, unpolished diamond resembles a hunk of worthless rock but may, after processing, be both beautiful and very valuable.
#idiom
@PMPerfect1
Selfish 🆚 Selfless
🔹Selfish: caring only about yourself and not about other people
🔹Selfless: caring about other people more than about yourself
#Vocabulary
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🔹Selfish: caring only about yourself and not about other people
🔹Selfless: caring about other people more than about yourself
#Vocabulary
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✨Prepositions with CRAZY
📕The form that the craze takes is indicated by ON (crazy on football, speedway racing, the latest “pop” singer, etc.): but “have a craze FOR” something.
🔹Ahmed is crazy on the latest pop singer.
📗Crazy FOR ▶️ expresses the object towards the realization of which the craziness is directed:
🔹At one time she was crazy for a cottage in the country; now she wants to get back to the town again.
📘That which causes or inspires the craziness is indicated by ABOUT or OVER:
🔹John's crazy about that girl.(or over that girl.)
✨These same two prepositions are the ones that follow Go crazy.
#prepositions
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📕The form that the craze takes is indicated by ON (crazy on football, speedway racing, the latest “pop” singer, etc.): but “have a craze FOR” something.
🔹Ahmed is crazy on the latest pop singer.
📗Crazy FOR ▶️ expresses the object towards the realization of which the craziness is directed:
🔹At one time she was crazy for a cottage in the country; now she wants to get back to the town again.
📘That which causes or inspires the craziness is indicated by ABOUT or OVER:
🔹John's crazy about that girl.(or over that girl.)
✨These same two prepositions are the ones that follow Go crazy.
#prepositions
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#️⃣#Concern /kənˈsɜːn $ -ɜːrn/ #noun
💢concern for
🔹our concern for human rights
💢concern about / over / with
🔹the rise of concern about the environment
🔹the growing concern over inflation
🔹concern with worsening law and order
💢concern that
🔹increased concern that the war could continue for a long time
💢be a cause for concern / cause concern
🔹The activities of the far right have been a cause for concern for a while now.
🔹In her last days the poet expressed concern for her father.
💢[countable] ➡️ something that worries you:
🔹One of the concerns that people have is the side effects of treatment.
🔹Education remains the electorate’s main concern.
🔹the concerns expressed by parents
2️⃣SOMETHING IMPORTANT [uncountable and countable] ➡️ something that is important to you or that involves you:
🔹His main concern is to be able to provide for his family.
💢concern for
🔹The consumer has become a major concern for this government.
💢of concern to somebody
🔹topics of concern to television viewers
3️⃣FEELING FOR SOMEBODY [singular, uncountable] ➡️ a feeling of wanting someone to be happy and healthy:
🔹He was moved by her obvious concern.
💢concern for
🔹parents’ loving concern for their children
4️⃣sb’s concern ➡️ if something is your concern, you are responsible for it:
🔹The money side of the business is your concern.
5️⃣not sb’s concern/none of sb’s concern ➡️ if something is not your concern, you are not interested in it and you do not need to worry about it or become involved in it:
🔹His affairs were none of her concern.
6️⃣BUSINESS [countable] ➡️ a business or company:
🔹The restaurant is a family concern.
🔹We will continue to run the company as a going concern (=a business that is financially successful).
#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
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💢concern for
🔹our concern for human rights
💢concern about / over / with
🔹the rise of concern about the environment
🔹the growing concern over inflation
🔹concern with worsening law and order
💢concern that
🔹increased concern that the war could continue for a long time
💢be a cause for concern / cause concern
🔹The activities of the far right have been a cause for concern for a while now.
🔹In her last days the poet expressed concern for her father.
💢[countable] ➡️ something that worries you:
🔹One of the concerns that people have is the side effects of treatment.
🔹Education remains the electorate’s main concern.
🔹the concerns expressed by parents
2️⃣SOMETHING IMPORTANT [uncountable and countable] ➡️ something that is important to you or that involves you:
🔹His main concern is to be able to provide for his family.
💢concern for
🔹The consumer has become a major concern for this government.
💢of concern to somebody
🔹topics of concern to television viewers
3️⃣FEELING FOR SOMEBODY [singular, uncountable] ➡️ a feeling of wanting someone to be happy and healthy:
🔹He was moved by her obvious concern.
💢concern for
🔹parents’ loving concern for their children
4️⃣sb’s concern ➡️ if something is your concern, you are responsible for it:
🔹The money side of the business is your concern.
5️⃣not sb’s concern/none of sb’s concern ➡️ if something is not your concern, you are not interested in it and you do not need to worry about it or become involved in it:
🔹His affairs were none of her concern.
6️⃣BUSINESS [countable] ➡️ a business or company:
🔹The restaurant is a family concern.
🔹We will continue to run the company as a going concern (=a business that is financially successful).
#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
@PMPerfect1
*✨*Ƥracтιce Maĸeѕ Ƥerғecт*✨*
#️⃣#Concern /kənˈsɜːn $ -ɜːrn/ #noun 💢concern for 🔹our concern for human rights 💢concern about / over / with 🔹the rise of concern about the environment 🔹the growing concern over inflation 🔹concern with worsening law and order 💢concern that 🔹increased…
#️⃣#Concern /kənˈsɜːn $ -ɜːrn/ #verb [transitive]
1️⃣[not in passive] ➡️ if a story, book, report etc concerns someone or something, it is about them:
🔹This study concerns couples’ expectations of marriage.
🔹The report concerns the drug traffic on the Mexican–US border.
2️⃣to make someone feel worried or upset:
🔹Issues like food additives do concern me.
3️⃣[not in passive] ➡️ if an activity, situation, rule etc concerns you, it affects you or involves you:
🔹The tax changes will concern large corporations rather than small businesses.
4️⃣concern yourself with/about something #formal ➡️ to become involved in something because you are interested in it or because it worries you:
🔹He told them not to concern themselves about him.
🔹He loved his wife, and concerned himself with her needs and desires.
5️⃣to whom it may concern ➡️ an expression written at the beginning of a formal letter when you do not know the name of the person you want to communicate with
#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
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1️⃣[not in passive] ➡️ if a story, book, report etc concerns someone or something, it is about them:
🔹This study concerns couples’ expectations of marriage.
🔹The report concerns the drug traffic on the Mexican–US border.
2️⃣to make someone feel worried or upset:
🔹Issues like food additives do concern me.
3️⃣[not in passive] ➡️ if an activity, situation, rule etc concerns you, it affects you or involves you:
🔹The tax changes will concern large corporations rather than small businesses.
4️⃣concern yourself with/about something #formal ➡️ to become involved in something because you are interested in it or because it worries you:
🔹He told them not to concern themselves about him.
🔹He loved his wife, and concerned himself with her needs and desires.
5️⃣to whom it may concern ➡️ an expression written at the beginning of a formal letter when you do not know the name of the person you want to communicate with
#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
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🔹Essential American Idioms🔹
⭐️#ABUSE:
✨Pick on someone your own size
▶️ to abuse someone who is big enough to fight back.
🔻Go pick on somebody your own size!
🔻Max should learn to pick on someone his own size.
✨Take liberties with someone or something AND make free with someone or something
▶️ to use or abuse someone or something.
🔻You are overly familiar with me, Mr. Jones. One might think you were taking liberties with me.
🔻I don't like it when you make free with my lawn mower. You should at least ask when you want to borrow it.
✨Walk all over someone
▶️ to treat someone badly.
🔻She's so mean to her children. She walks all over them.
🔻The manager had walked all over Ann for months. Finally she quit.
#Thematic_Dictionary
#Essential_American_Idioms
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⭐️#ABUSE:
✨Pick on someone your own size
▶️ to abuse someone who is big enough to fight back.
🔻Go pick on somebody your own size!
🔻Max should learn to pick on someone his own size.
✨Take liberties with someone or something AND make free with someone or something
▶️ to use or abuse someone or something.
🔻You are overly familiar with me, Mr. Jones. One might think you were taking liberties with me.
🔻I don't like it when you make free with my lawn mower. You should at least ask when you want to borrow it.
✨Walk all over someone
▶️ to treat someone badly.
🔻She's so mean to her children. She walks all over them.
🔻The manager had walked all over Ann for months. Finally she quit.
#Thematic_Dictionary
#Essential_American_Idioms
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#️⃣#Content /ˈkɒntent $ ˈkɑːn-/ #adjective [not before noun]
1️⃣happy and satisfied:
🔹Andy was a good husband, and Nicky was clearly very content.
💢content with
🔹We’ll be content with a respectable result in tomorrow’s match.
2️⃣content (for somebody) to do something ➡️ willing to do or accept something, rather than doing more:
🔹She sat quietly, content to watch him working.
🔹He seemed quite content to let Steve do the talking.
🔹Dr Belson had been more than content for them to deal with any difficulties.
3️⃣not content with something ➡️ used to emphasize that someone wants or does more than something:
🔹Not content with her new car, Selina now wants a bike.
#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
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1️⃣happy and satisfied:
🔹Andy was a good husband, and Nicky was clearly very content.
💢content with
🔹We’ll be content with a respectable result in tomorrow’s match.
2️⃣content (for somebody) to do something ➡️ willing to do or accept something, rather than doing more:
🔹She sat quietly, content to watch him working.
🔹He seemed quite content to let Steve do the talking.
🔹Dr Belson had been more than content for them to deal with any difficulties.
3️⃣not content with something ➡️ used to emphasize that someone wants or does more than something:
🔹Not content with her new car, Selina now wants a bike.
#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
@PMPerfect1
*✨*Ƥracтιce Maĸeѕ Ƥerғecт*✨*
#️⃣#Content /ˈkɒntent $ ˈkɑːn-/ #adjective [not before noun] 1️⃣happy and satisfied: 🔹Andy was a good husband, and Nicky was clearly very content. 💢content with 🔹We’ll be content with a respectable result in tomorrow’s match. 2️⃣content (for somebody)…
#️⃣#Content /ˈkɒntent $ ˈkɑːn-/ #noun
1️⃣contents [plural]
💢contents of
🔹The customs official rummaged through the contents of his briefcase.
🔹Most of the gallery’s contents were damaged in the fire.
💢contents insurance (=insurance for things such as furniture that you have in your house)
💢the things that are written in a letter, book etc
💢contents of
🔹She kept the contents of the letter a secret.
🔹The program automatically creates a table of contents (=a list at the beginning of a document that shows the different parts into which it is divided).
🔹He cast his eye down the contents page.
2️⃣[singular] the amount of a substance that is contained in something, especially food or drink
💢fat / protein / salt etc content
🔹the fat content of cheese
🔹water with a low salt content
3️⃣[singular, uncountable] the ideas, facts, or opinions that are contained in a speech, piece of writing, film, programme etc:
🔹The content of the media course includes scripting, editing, and camera work.
4️⃣[singular, uncountable] the information contained in a website, considered separately from the software that makes the website work:
🔹The graphics are brilliant. It’s just a shame the content is so poor.
#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
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1️⃣contents [plural]
💢contents of
🔹The customs official rummaged through the contents of his briefcase.
🔹Most of the gallery’s contents were damaged in the fire.
💢contents insurance (=insurance for things such as furniture that you have in your house)
💢the things that are written in a letter, book etc
💢contents of
🔹She kept the contents of the letter a secret.
🔹The program automatically creates a table of contents (=a list at the beginning of a document that shows the different parts into which it is divided).
🔹He cast his eye down the contents page.
2️⃣[singular] the amount of a substance that is contained in something, especially food or drink
💢fat / protein / salt etc content
🔹the fat content of cheese
🔹water with a low salt content
3️⃣[singular, uncountable] the ideas, facts, or opinions that are contained in a speech, piece of writing, film, programme etc:
🔹The content of the media course includes scripting, editing, and camera work.
4️⃣[singular, uncountable] the information contained in a website, considered separately from the software that makes the website work:
🔹The graphics are brilliant. It’s just a shame the content is so poor.
#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
@PMPerfect1
*✨*Ƥracтιce Maĸeѕ Ƥerғecт*✨*
#️⃣#Content /ˈkɒntent $ ˈkɑːn-/ #noun 1️⃣contents [plural] 💢contents of 🔹The customs official rummaged through the contents of his briefcase. 🔹Most of the gallery’s contents were damaged in the fire. 💢contents insurance (=insurance for things such as…
#️⃣#Content /ˈkɒntent $ ˈkɑːn-/ #noun [uncountable]
1️⃣literary a feeling of quiet happiness and satisfaction
2️⃣do something to your heart’s content ➡️ to do something as much as you want:
🔹She took refuge in the library, where she could read to her heart’s content.
#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
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1️⃣literary a feeling of quiet happiness and satisfaction
2️⃣do something to your heart’s content ➡️ to do something as much as you want:
🔹She took refuge in the library, where she could read to her heart’s content.
#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
@PMPerfect1
*✨*Ƥracтιce Maĸeѕ Ƥerғecт*✨*
#️⃣#Content /ˈkɒntent $ ˈkɑːn-/ #noun [uncountable] 1️⃣literary a feeling of quiet happiness and satisfaction 2️⃣do something to your heart’s content ➡️ to do something as much as you want: 🔹She took refuge in the library, where she could read to her heart’s…
#️⃣#Content /ˈkɒntent $ ˈkɑːn-/ #verb [transitive]
1️⃣content yourself with (doing) something ➡️ to do or have something that is not what you really wanted, but is still satisfactory:
🔹Mr Lal has been asking for more responsibility, but has had to content himself with a minor managerial post.
2️⃣#formal ➡️ to make someone feel happy and satisfied:
🔹I was no longer satisfied with the life that had hitherto contented me.
#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
@PMPerfect1
1️⃣content yourself with (doing) something ➡️ to do or have something that is not what you really wanted, but is still satisfactory:
🔹Mr Lal has been asking for more responsibility, but has had to content himself with a minor managerial post.
2️⃣#formal ➡️ to make someone feel happy and satisfied:
🔹I was no longer satisfied with the life that had hitherto contented me.
#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
@PMPerfect1
*✨*Ƥracтιce Maĸeѕ Ƥerғecт*✨*
#️⃣#Content /ˈkɒntent $ ˈkɑːn-/ #verb [transitive] 1️⃣content yourself with (doing) something ➡️ to do or have something that is not what you really wanted, but is still satisfactory: 🔹Mr Lal has been asking for more responsibility, but has had to content…
📚#Thesaurus:
⚪️satisfied ➡️ feeling that something is as good as it should be, or that something has happened in the way that you want:
✨The teacher is satisfied with his progress.
✨another satisfied customer
⚪️happy [not before noun] ➡️ satisfied. Happy is very commonly used instead of satisfied in #everyday_English:
✨The boss seems happy with my work.
✨I’m happy to work part-time until the kids are older.
⚪️pleased [not before noun] ➡️ very satisfied:
✨I’m pleased with the results.
✨He came out looking pleased with himself.
⚪️content [not before noun] ➡️ satisfied with what you are doing, so that you do not want to change anything:
✨She seemed content to just sit and watch the others.
✨Sam was quite content with his life on the farm.
⚪️fulfilled [not usually before noun] ➡️ feeling that you have achieved enough in your life, and that you do not need things that are more interesting, important, or useful:
✨I enjoy being a mother, but to feel fulfilled I need to work too.
#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
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⚪️satisfied ➡️ feeling that something is as good as it should be, or that something has happened in the way that you want:
✨The teacher is satisfied with his progress.
✨another satisfied customer
⚪️happy [not before noun] ➡️ satisfied. Happy is very commonly used instead of satisfied in #everyday_English:
✨The boss seems happy with my work.
✨I’m happy to work part-time until the kids are older.
⚪️pleased [not before noun] ➡️ very satisfied:
✨I’m pleased with the results.
✨He came out looking pleased with himself.
⚪️content [not before noun] ➡️ satisfied with what you are doing, so that you do not want to change anything:
✨She seemed content to just sit and watch the others.
✨Sam was quite content with his life on the farm.
⚪️fulfilled [not usually before noun] ➡️ feeling that you have achieved enough in your life, and that you do not need things that are more interesting, important, or useful:
✨I enjoy being a mother, but to feel fulfilled I need to work too.
#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
@PMPerfect1
✨PAST verb form with PRESENT or FUTURE meaning✨
A past tense does not always have a past meaning. In some kinds of sentence we can use verbs like I had, you went or I was wondering to talk about the present or future.
1️⃣ after conjunctions, instead of would: “If I paid now...”
✨In most subordinate clauses (e.g. after if, supposing, wherever, what), we use past tenses (and not would . . .) to express ‘unreal’ or conditional ideas.
🔹If I had the money now I'd buy a car.
🔹If you caught the ten o'clock train tomorrow, you would be in Edinburgh by supper-time, unless the train was delayed, of course.
🔹Supposing we didn’t go abroad next year?
🔹Would you follow me wherever I went?
🔹In a perfect world, you would be able to say exactly what you thought.
🔹Ten o'clock - it’s time (that) you went home.
🔹Don’t come and see me today - I'd rather (that) you came tomorrow.
🔹I wish (that) I had a better memory.
2️⃣ distancing in questions, requests, etc: “I wondered if...”
✨We can make questions, requests and offers less direct (and so more polite) by using past tenses.
Common formulas are I wondered, I thought, I hoped, did you want.
🔹I wondered if you were free this evening.
🔹I thought you might like some flowers.
🔹Did you want cream with your coffee, sir?
✨Past progressive forms (was thinking/wondering/hoping, etc) make sentences even less direct.
🔹I was thinking about that idea of yours.
🔹I was hoping we could have dinner together.
3️⃣ 'past' modals: could, might, would, should
✨The ‘PAST’ modal forms could, might, would and should usually have present or future reference; they are used as less direct, ‘distanced’ forms of can, may, will and shall.
🔹Could you help me for a moment?
🔹Would you come this way, please?
🔹I think it might rain soon.
🔹Alice should be here soon.
4️⃣ past focus on continuing situations: “It was such a nice place”
✨If we are talking about the past, we often use past tenses even for things which are still true and situations which still exist.
🔹Are you deaf? I asked how old you were.
🔹I’m sorry we left Liverpool. It was such a nice place.
🔹Do you remember that nice couple we met in Greece? They were German, weren't they?
🔹I got this job because I was a good driver.
🔹James applied to join the police last week, but he wasn’t tall enough.
🍁✨🍁✨🍁✨🍁✨🍁✨🍁✨🍁
📗Reference:Practical English Usage
🍁✨🍁✨🍁✨🍁✨🍁✨🍁✨🍁
#Grammar
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A past tense does not always have a past meaning. In some kinds of sentence we can use verbs like I had, you went or I was wondering to talk about the present or future.
1️⃣ after conjunctions, instead of would: “If I paid now...”
✨In most subordinate clauses (e.g. after if, supposing, wherever, what), we use past tenses (and not would . . .) to express ‘unreal’ or conditional ideas.
🔹If I had the money now I'd buy a car.
🔹If you caught the ten o'clock train tomorrow, you would be in Edinburgh by supper-time, unless the train was delayed, of course.
🔹Supposing we didn’t go abroad next year?
🔹Would you follow me wherever I went?
🔹In a perfect world, you would be able to say exactly what you thought.
🔹Ten o'clock - it’s time (that) you went home.
🔹Don’t come and see me today - I'd rather (that) you came tomorrow.
🔹I wish (that) I had a better memory.
2️⃣ distancing in questions, requests, etc: “I wondered if...”
✨We can make questions, requests and offers less direct (and so more polite) by using past tenses.
Common formulas are I wondered, I thought, I hoped, did you want.
🔹I wondered if you were free this evening.
🔹I thought you might like some flowers.
🔹Did you want cream with your coffee, sir?
✨Past progressive forms (was thinking/wondering/hoping, etc) make sentences even less direct.
🔹I was thinking about that idea of yours.
🔹I was hoping we could have dinner together.
3️⃣ 'past' modals: could, might, would, should
✨The ‘PAST’ modal forms could, might, would and should usually have present or future reference; they are used as less direct, ‘distanced’ forms of can, may, will and shall.
🔹Could you help me for a moment?
🔹Would you come this way, please?
🔹I think it might rain soon.
🔹Alice should be here soon.
4️⃣ past focus on continuing situations: “It was such a nice place”
✨If we are talking about the past, we often use past tenses even for things which are still true and situations which still exist.
🔹Are you deaf? I asked how old you were.
🔹I’m sorry we left Liverpool. It was such a nice place.
🔹Do you remember that nice couple we met in Greece? They were German, weren't they?
🔹I got this job because I was a good driver.
🔹James applied to join the police last week, but he wasn’t tall enough.
🍁✨🍁✨🍁✨🍁✨🍁✨🍁✨🍁
📗Reference:Practical English Usage
🍁✨🍁✨🍁✨🍁✨🍁✨🍁✨🍁
#Grammar
@PMPerfect1
#️⃣#Expect /ɪkˈspekt/
💢expect to do something
🔹I expect to be back within a week.
🔹The company expects to complete work in April.
💢expect somebody / something to do something
🔹Emergency repairs were expected to take three weeks.
🔹I didn’t expect him to stay so long.
💢expect (that)
🔹There’s the doorbell – I expect it’ll be my mother.
🔹He will be hard to beat. I fully expect (=am completely sure about) that and I’m ready.
🔹‘Who are you?’ he murmured, only half expecting (=thinking it was possible, but not likely) her to answer.
🔹He didn’t get his expected pay rise.
💢as expected (=in the way that was planned or thought likely to happen)
🔹As expected, the whole family was shocked by the news.
💢something is (only) to be expected (=used to say that you are not surprised by something, especially something unpleasant)
🔹A little nervousness is only to be expected when you are starting a new job.
💢DEMAND ➡️ to demand that someone does something because it is a duty or seems reasonable
💢expect something from somebody
🔹The officer expects complete obedience from his troops.
💢expect somebody to do something
🔹I can’t expect her to be on time if I’m late myself.
💢expect a lot of somebody / expect too much of somebody (=think someone can do more than may be possible)
🔹The school expects a lot of its students.
💢THINK SOMEBODY/SOMETHING WILL ARRIVE ➡️ to believe that someone or something is going to arrive:
🔹We’re expecting Alison home any minute now.
🔹Snow is expected by the weekend.
🔹an expected crowd of 80,000 people
💢THINK ➡️ to think that you will find that someone or something has a particular quality or does a particular thing:
🔹I expected her to be taller than me, not shorter.
💢be expecting (a baby) ➡️ if a woman is expecting, she is going to have a baby
💢what can / do you expect? #spoken ➡️ used to say that you are not surprised by something unpleasant or disappointing:
🔹He was late, but what do you expect?
💢how do / can you expect ...? #spoken ➡️ used to say that it is unreasonable to think that something will happen or be true:
🔹If I can’t help her, how can you expect to?
💢I expect #British_English #spoken ➡️ used to introduce or agree with a statement that you think is probably true:
🔹I expect you’re right.
🔹‘Do you think they’re going to attack?’ ‘I expect so.’
#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
@PMPerfect1
💢expect to do something
🔹I expect to be back within a week.
🔹The company expects to complete work in April.
💢expect somebody / something to do something
🔹Emergency repairs were expected to take three weeks.
🔹I didn’t expect him to stay so long.
💢expect (that)
🔹There’s the doorbell – I expect it’ll be my mother.
🔹He will be hard to beat. I fully expect (=am completely sure about) that and I’m ready.
🔹‘Who are you?’ he murmured, only half expecting (=thinking it was possible, but not likely) her to answer.
🔹He didn’t get his expected pay rise.
💢as expected (=in the way that was planned or thought likely to happen)
🔹As expected, the whole family was shocked by the news.
💢something is (only) to be expected (=used to say that you are not surprised by something, especially something unpleasant)
🔹A little nervousness is only to be expected when you are starting a new job.
💢DEMAND ➡️ to demand that someone does something because it is a duty or seems reasonable
💢expect something from somebody
🔹The officer expects complete obedience from his troops.
💢expect somebody to do something
🔹I can’t expect her to be on time if I’m late myself.
💢expect a lot of somebody / expect too much of somebody (=think someone can do more than may be possible)
🔹The school expects a lot of its students.
💢THINK SOMEBODY/SOMETHING WILL ARRIVE ➡️ to believe that someone or something is going to arrive:
🔹We’re expecting Alison home any minute now.
🔹Snow is expected by the weekend.
🔹an expected crowd of 80,000 people
💢THINK ➡️ to think that you will find that someone or something has a particular quality or does a particular thing:
🔹I expected her to be taller than me, not shorter.
💢be expecting (a baby) ➡️ if a woman is expecting, she is going to have a baby
💢what can / do you expect? #spoken ➡️ used to say that you are not surprised by something unpleasant or disappointing:
🔹He was late, but what do you expect?
💢how do / can you expect ...? #spoken ➡️ used to say that it is unreasonable to think that something will happen or be true:
🔹If I can’t help her, how can you expect to?
💢I expect #British_English #spoken ➡️ used to introduce or agree with a statement that you think is probably true:
🔹I expect you’re right.
🔹‘Do you think they’re going to attack?’ ‘I expect so.’
#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
@PMPerfect1
🔉CRANK UP (separable phrasal verb)
= to increase the power or volume.
🔹I love this song. I'm going to crank it up because it sounds much better when it is loud.
#Phrasal_verb
@PMPerfect1
= to increase the power or volume.
🔹I love this song. I'm going to crank it up because it sounds much better when it is loud.
#Phrasal_verb
@PMPerfect1
📕SHRUG /ʃrʌɡ/ BrE AmE #verb
[intransitive and transitive]
• past tense and past participle: shrugged
• present participle: shrugging
= to raise and then lower your shoulders in order to show that you do not know something or do not care about something:
🔹I just shrugged my shoulders and ignored him.
🔹Melanie shrugged and walked away.
🔺shrug something off #phrasal verb
= to treat something as unimportant and not worry about it:
🔹We can’t just shrug these objections off.
📗SHRUG BrE AmE #noun [countable]
[usually singular] = a movement of your shoulders upwards and then downwards again that you make to show that you do not know something or do not care about something:
🔘with a shrug
🔹‘Suit yourself,’ he said with a shrug.
#Vocabulary
@PMPerfect1
[intransitive and transitive]
• past tense and past participle: shrugged
• present participle: shrugging
= to raise and then lower your shoulders in order to show that you do not know something or do not care about something:
🔹I just shrugged my shoulders and ignored him.
🔹Melanie shrugged and walked away.
🔺shrug something off #phrasal verb
= to treat something as unimportant and not worry about it:
🔹We can’t just shrug these objections off.
📗SHRUG BrE AmE #noun [countable]
[usually singular] = a movement of your shoulders upwards and then downwards again that you make to show that you do not know something or do not care about something:
🔘with a shrug
🔹‘Suit yourself,’ he said with a shrug.
#Vocabulary
@PMPerfect1
🤦🏻♀️ FACEPALM (v,n)
🔹 Seth facepalmed. “Ian, I can't believe you just did that.” (v)
🔹She always does a facepalm when her mother starts asking about her grades. (n)
#Slang
@PMPerfect1
🔹 Seth facepalmed. “Ian, I can't believe you just did that.” (v)
🔹She always does a facepalm when her mother starts asking about her grades. (n)
#Slang
@PMPerfect1
#️⃣#Frequently /ˈfriːkwəntli/
📚#Thesaurus:
⚪️often ➡️ used when saying that something happens many times:
✨Gary was often bad-tempered in the morning.
✨We often meet up for a drink after work.
⚪️a lot #informal ➡️ often:
✨I think she likes him – she talks about him a lot.
✨His wife goes abroad on business a lot.
⚪️frequently especially #written ➡️ often – used especially in writing or more formal English:
✨Passengers complain that trains are frequently late.
✨Older patients frequently forget to take their medicine.
⚪️regularly ➡️ often, especially at regular intervals:
✨Buses run regularly every ten minutes.
⚪️again and again ➡️ used to emphasize that someone does something many times, or the same thing happens many times:
✨She told herself again and again that everything would be all right.
✨Gunfire rang out across the city again and again.
⚪️repeatedly especially #written ➡️ used to emphasize that someone does something many times:
✨His doctor had repeatedly warned him not to work so hard.
⚪️constantly / continually ➡️ often over a long period of time – used especially about something that is annoying or causes problems:
✨They seem to be continually arguing.
✨It’s hard to keep up with technology when it’s constantly changing.
⚪️time and time again ➡️ many times – used when this is annoying or does not have any effect:
✨He forgets his keys time and time again.
✨I tell students time and time again to keep careful notes.
#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
@PMPerfect1
📚#Thesaurus:
⚪️often ➡️ used when saying that something happens many times:
✨Gary was often bad-tempered in the morning.
✨We often meet up for a drink after work.
⚪️a lot #informal ➡️ often:
✨I think she likes him – she talks about him a lot.
✨His wife goes abroad on business a lot.
⚪️frequently especially #written ➡️ often – used especially in writing or more formal English:
✨Passengers complain that trains are frequently late.
✨Older patients frequently forget to take their medicine.
⚪️regularly ➡️ often, especially at regular intervals:
✨Buses run regularly every ten minutes.
⚪️again and again ➡️ used to emphasize that someone does something many times, or the same thing happens many times:
✨She told herself again and again that everything would be all right.
✨Gunfire rang out across the city again and again.
⚪️repeatedly especially #written ➡️ used to emphasize that someone does something many times:
✨His doctor had repeatedly warned him not to work so hard.
⚪️constantly / continually ➡️ often over a long period of time – used especially about something that is annoying or causes problems:
✨They seem to be continually arguing.
✨It’s hard to keep up with technology when it’s constantly changing.
⚪️time and time again ➡️ many times – used when this is annoying or does not have any effect:
✨He forgets his keys time and time again.
✨I tell students time and time again to keep careful notes.
#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
@PMPerfect1
#️⃣#Habit /ˈhæbət, ˈhæbɪt/ #noun
💢by / from / out of habit (=because this is what you usually do in this situation)
🔹I did it out of habit.
💢DRUGS [countable] ➡️ a strong physical need to keep taking a drug regularly:
🔹A lot of drug addicts get into petty crime to support their habit.
💢heroin / cocaine etc habit
🔹His cocaine habit ruined him physically and financially.
💢not make a habit of (doing) something #spoken ➡️ used to say that someone does not usually do something bad or wrong, or should not do it again:
🔹You’re ten minutes late. I hope you’re not going to make a habit of this.
💢I’m not in the habit of doing something #spoken ➡️ used when you are annoyed, to say that you would not do something:
🔹I’m not in the habit of lying to my friends.
💢have a habit of doing something ➡️ if something has a habit of doing something, it usually or often does it – used humorously:
🔹Life has a habit of springing surprises.
💢old habits die hard ➡️ used to say that it is difficult to make people change their attitudes or behaviour:
🔹She knew it probably wasn’t necessary any more, but old habits die hard.
💢habit of thought/mind ➡️ the way someone usually thinks about something, or their usual attitudes
#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
@PMPerfect1
💢by / from / out of habit (=because this is what you usually do in this situation)
🔹I did it out of habit.
💢DRUGS [countable] ➡️ a strong physical need to keep taking a drug regularly:
🔹A lot of drug addicts get into petty crime to support their habit.
💢heroin / cocaine etc habit
🔹His cocaine habit ruined him physically and financially.
💢not make a habit of (doing) something #spoken ➡️ used to say that someone does not usually do something bad or wrong, or should not do it again:
🔹You’re ten minutes late. I hope you’re not going to make a habit of this.
💢I’m not in the habit of doing something #spoken ➡️ used when you are annoyed, to say that you would not do something:
🔹I’m not in the habit of lying to my friends.
💢have a habit of doing something ➡️ if something has a habit of doing something, it usually or often does it – used humorously:
🔹Life has a habit of springing surprises.
💢old habits die hard ➡️ used to say that it is difficult to make people change their attitudes or behaviour:
🔹She knew it probably wasn’t necessary any more, but old habits die hard.
💢habit of thought/mind ➡️ the way someone usually thinks about something, or their usual attitudes
#Vocabulary
#Essential_English_words
@PMPerfect1