💠 ( 2 ) Antonyms:
The semantic qualities or sense relations that exist between words (lexemes) with opposite meanings in certain contexts (i.e., antonyms).
Contrast with synonymy.
#Word_relationships
The semantic qualities or sense relations that exist between words (lexemes) with opposite meanings in certain contexts (i.e., antonyms).
Contrast with synonymy.
#Word_relationships
💠 Antonyms:
✨ Antonymy and Word Classes
"Oppositeness . . . has an important role in structuring the vocabulary of English. This is especially so in the adjective word class, where a good many words occur in antonymous pairs:
e.g.
long-short,
wide-narrow,
new-old,
rough-smooth,
light-dark,
straight-crooked,
deep-shallow,
fast-slow.
While antonymy is typically found among adjectives ,it is not restricted to this word class:
bring-take (verbs),
death-life (nouns),
noisily-quietly (adverbs),
above-below (prepositions),
after-before (conjunctions or prepositions).
"English can also derive antonyms by means of prefixes and suffixes.
Negative prefixes such as dis-, un- or in- may derive an antonym from the positive root, e.g. dishonest, unsympathetic, infertile.
Compare also: encourage-discourage but entangle-disentangle, increase-decrease, include-exclude."
#Word_relationships
✨ Antonymy and Word Classes
"Oppositeness . . . has an important role in structuring the vocabulary of English. This is especially so in the adjective word class, where a good many words occur in antonymous pairs:
e.g.
long-short,
wide-narrow,
new-old,
rough-smooth,
light-dark,
straight-crooked,
deep-shallow,
fast-slow.
While antonymy is typically found among adjectives ,it is not restricted to this word class:
bring-take (verbs),
death-life (nouns),
noisily-quietly (adverbs),
above-below (prepositions),
after-before (conjunctions or prepositions).
"English can also derive antonyms by means of prefixes and suffixes.
Negative prefixes such as dis-, un- or in- may derive an antonym from the positive root, e.g. dishonest, unsympathetic, infertile.
Compare also: encourage-discourage but entangle-disentangle, increase-decrease, include-exclude."
#Word_relationships
📌 di‧sput‧a‧ble /dɪˈspjuːtəbəl, ˈdɪspjə-/adjective
= something that is disputable is not definitely true or right, and therefore is something that you can argue about
OPP :indisputable
#Vocabulary
= something that is disputable is not definitely true or right, and therefore is something that you can argue about
OPP :indisputable
#Vocabulary
⚠️ 10 Grammar Mistakes You Should Avoid ⚠️ ( PART 6 )
Mistake 1️⃣0️⃣ : Omitting that when it is needed after say
When there is no intervening conjunction, that may be omitted after the verb say:
📌 The witness said she overheard the defendant threaten to burn the man’s house down.
However, if a conjunction such as after, although, because, before, in addition to, until, or while intervenes between the verb say and its object, that is needed to avoid ambiguity:
❌ INCORRECT:
Santana said after he stopped recording, he watched for a few more minutes but never saw anyone perform CPR.
✅ CORRECT :
Santana said that after he stopped recording, he watched for a few more minutes but never saw anyone perform CPR.
#Grammar
Mistake 1️⃣0️⃣ : Omitting that when it is needed after say
When there is no intervening conjunction, that may be omitted after the verb say:
📌 The witness said she overheard the defendant threaten to burn the man’s house down.
However, if a conjunction such as after, although, because, before, in addition to, until, or while intervenes between the verb say and its object, that is needed to avoid ambiguity:
❌ INCORRECT:
Santana said after he stopped recording, he watched for a few more minutes but never saw anyone perform CPR.
✅ CORRECT :
Santana said that after he stopped recording, he watched for a few more minutes but never saw anyone perform CPR.
#Grammar
✨ Test your English before checking the answers ❗️
⭕️ Choose the correct answers:
1. * Do you think we can get there on time?
** Yes, ______ the car doesn't break down.
A even if
B as soon as
C if only
D as long as
2. All the information we have collected in relation to that case ______ very little.
A puts up with
B goes up to
C makes up for
D comes up to
3. ______ is known to us all, the old scientist, ______ life was hard in the past, still works very hard in his eighties.
A Who; the
B That; whose
C It; who
D As; whose
4. This book is ______ great value. ______ can be enjoyed from it until you have a deep understanding of it, however.
A of: Something
B in; Much
C of; Nothing
D in; Few
5. ______ I admire David as a poet, I do not like him as a man.
A Much as
B If only
C Only if
D As much
💠 Correct answers & explanations:
👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇
1. Correct answer: D
⚠️ As long as used to say that one thing can happen or be true only if another thing happens or is true.
2. Correct answer: D
⚠️ Come up to means to reach a particular standard or to be as good as you expected.
3. Correct answer: D
⚠️ As is used to say that what you are saying is already known or has been stated before.
4. Correct answer: C
⚠️ Of is used to describe a person or thing by saying what their main qualities or features are.
5. Correct answer: A
⚠️ Much as is used to say that something is very similar to something else.
#Activity
⭕️ Choose the correct answers:
1. * Do you think we can get there on time?
** Yes, ______ the car doesn't break down.
A even if
B as soon as
C if only
D as long as
2. All the information we have collected in relation to that case ______ very little.
A puts up with
B goes up to
C makes up for
D comes up to
3. ______ is known to us all, the old scientist, ______ life was hard in the past, still works very hard in his eighties.
A Who; the
B That; whose
C It; who
D As; whose
4. This book is ______ great value. ______ can be enjoyed from it until you have a deep understanding of it, however.
A of: Something
B in; Much
C of; Nothing
D in; Few
5. ______ I admire David as a poet, I do not like him as a man.
A Much as
B If only
C Only if
D As much
💠 Correct answers & explanations:
👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇
1. Correct answer: D
⚠️ As long as used to say that one thing can happen or be true only if another thing happens or is true.
2. Correct answer: D
⚠️ Come up to means to reach a particular standard or to be as good as you expected.
3. Correct answer: D
⚠️ As is used to say that what you are saying is already known or has been stated before.
4. Correct answer: C
⚠️ Of is used to describe a person or thing by saying what their main qualities or features are.
5. Correct answer: A
⚠️ Much as is used to say that something is very similar to something else.
#Activity
This media is not supported in your browser
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
💠 Wild goose chase
Meaning: Chasing something that’s very difficult (or impossible) to catch
Example: You’re taking me on a wild goose chase, will you just give me an exact address?
#Idioms
Meaning: Chasing something that’s very difficult (or impossible) to catch
Example: You’re taking me on a wild goose chase, will you just give me an exact address?
#Idioms
💠 Open a can of worms
Meaning: Create a whole new set of problems
Example: You’ve opened a real can of worms here.
#Idioms
Meaning: Create a whole new set of problems
Example: You’ve opened a real can of worms here.
#Idioms
💢 Quote VS Quotation
What Is the Right Word?
It’s common to hear people use the verb “quote“ as a shortened form of the noun “quotation“,but in the strictest sense,this use is wrong.
#Vocabulary
#VS
What Is the Right Word?
It’s common to hear people use the verb “quote“ as a shortened form of the noun “quotation“,but in the strictest sense,this use is wrong.
#Vocabulary
#VS
💢 Quote VS Quotation
What Is the Right Word?
According to the Oxford Dictionary, the word quotation is defined as, "A group of words taken from a text or speech and repeated by someone other than the original author or speaker."
The word quote means to "repeat the exact words of another with the acknowledgement of the source."
#Vocabulary
#VS
What Is the Right Word?
According to the Oxford Dictionary, the word quotation is defined as, "A group of words taken from a text or speech and repeated by someone other than the original author or speaker."
The word quote means to "repeat the exact words of another with the acknowledgement of the source."
#Vocabulary
#VS
⚠️ This is a very interesting question. The short answer is that it depends on what country you are writing in.
In British and Australian English, one typically uses single quotation marks ( ‘ ‘ ). If writing in North America, double quotation marks are typically used ( “ “ ).
The most important rule when using these little punctuation marks is that the style of the opening and closing quotation marks match, e.g., 'Good morning, Mary,' called Adrian, or "Good morning, Stephen," called Jane.
One of the common ESL mistakes we encounter is the misuse of quotation marks. If quotations are distinguished only by the use of quotation marks and you are quoting more than one paragraph, use an opening quote at the beginning of each paragraph.
#Punctuation
In British and Australian English, one typically uses single quotation marks ( ‘ ‘ ). If writing in North America, double quotation marks are typically used ( “ “ ).
The most important rule when using these little punctuation marks is that the style of the opening and closing quotation marks match, e.g., 'Good morning, Mary,' called Adrian, or "Good morning, Stephen," called Jane.
One of the common ESL mistakes we encounter is the misuse of quotation marks. If quotations are distinguished only by the use of quotation marks and you are quoting more than one paragraph, use an opening quote at the beginning of each paragraph.
#Punctuation
💠 (3)Hyponyms & hypernyms:
In linguistics and lexicography,hyponym is a term used to designate a particular member of a broader class.E.g:daisy and rose are hyponyms of flower.
#Word_relationships
In linguistics and lexicography,hyponym is a term used to designate a particular member of a broader class.E.g:daisy and rose are hyponyms of flower.
#Word_relationships
💠 Hyponyms & hypernyms:
Words that are hyponyms of the same broader term (that is, a hypernym) are called co-hyponyms.
The semantic relationship between each of the more specific words (such as daisy and rose) and the broader term (flower) is called hyponymy or inclusion.
Hyponymy is not restricted to nouns. The verb to see, for example, has several hyponyms—glimpse, stare, gaze, ogle, and so on.
• Etymology: From the Greek, "below" + "name"
✨ Examples & Observations:
"Hyponymy is a less familiar term to most people than either synonymy or antonymy, but it refers to a much more important sense relation.
It describes what happens when we say 'An X is a kind of Y'--A daffodil is a kind of flower, or simply, A daffodil is a flower."
✨ Hyponyms of Red:
"[L]et us consider words that have a similar meaning because they belong to the same segment of a domain. For instance, the words pink, scarlet, orange, hot pink, and pumpkin . . . are all more marked, specific terms for colors that derive from the color red. . . . These words share many of the semantic properties of the word red.
Because these words form a subclass of the word red, they are referred to as hyponyms of red. Similarly, maple, birch, and pine are hyponyms of tree.
✨ A Test for Hyponymy:
"Hyponymy involves specific instantiations of a more general concept such as holds between horse and animal or vermillion and red or buy and get. In each case, one word provides a more specific type of concept than is displayed by the other.
The more specific word is called a hyponym and the more general word is the superordinate which may also be referred to as a hyperonym or hypernym .
Where the words being classified according to this relation are nouns, one can test for hyponymy by replacing X and Y in the frame 'X is a kind of Y' and seeing if the result makes sense.
So we have '(A) horse is a kind of animal' but not '(An) animal is a kind of horse' and so on."
✨ Inclusion:
"In general, there are a number of hyponyms for each superordinate. For example:
boar and piglet are also hyponyms of the superordinate pig, since the meaning of each of the three words sow, boar, and piglet 'contains' the meaning of the word pig.
(Note that in defining a word like sow, boar, or piglet, the superordinate word pig is often used as part of the definition: 'A sow is an adult female pig.')
Thus, it is not surprising that hyponymy is sometimes referred to as inclusion. The superordinate is the included word and the hyponym is the including one."
✨ Hierarchical Relationships and Multiple Layers:
"House is a hyponym of the superordinate building, but building is in turn, a hyponym of the superordinate structure, and, in its turn, structure is a hyponym of the superordinate thing. A superordinate at a given level can itself be a hyponym at a higher level."
" Hyponyms and hypernyms have multiple layers, as in the following examples, where fry is a hyponym of the hypernym cook, but fry itself is a hypernym for some other types of frying:
• Hypernym: cook
• Hyponyms: bake, boil, grill, fry, steam, roast
• Hypernym: fry
• Hyponyms: stir-fry, pan-fry, sauté, deep-fry"
#Word_relationships
Words that are hyponyms of the same broader term (that is, a hypernym) are called co-hyponyms.
The semantic relationship between each of the more specific words (such as daisy and rose) and the broader term (flower) is called hyponymy or inclusion.
Hyponymy is not restricted to nouns. The verb to see, for example, has several hyponyms—glimpse, stare, gaze, ogle, and so on.
• Etymology: From the Greek, "below" + "name"
✨ Examples & Observations:
"Hyponymy is a less familiar term to most people than either synonymy or antonymy, but it refers to a much more important sense relation.
It describes what happens when we say 'An X is a kind of Y'--A daffodil is a kind of flower, or simply, A daffodil is a flower."
✨ Hyponyms of Red:
"[L]et us consider words that have a similar meaning because they belong to the same segment of a domain. For instance, the words pink, scarlet, orange, hot pink, and pumpkin . . . are all more marked, specific terms for colors that derive from the color red. . . . These words share many of the semantic properties of the word red.
Because these words form a subclass of the word red, they are referred to as hyponyms of red. Similarly, maple, birch, and pine are hyponyms of tree.
✨ A Test for Hyponymy:
"Hyponymy involves specific instantiations of a more general concept such as holds between horse and animal or vermillion and red or buy and get. In each case, one word provides a more specific type of concept than is displayed by the other.
The more specific word is called a hyponym and the more general word is the superordinate which may also be referred to as a hyperonym or hypernym .
Where the words being classified according to this relation are nouns, one can test for hyponymy by replacing X and Y in the frame 'X is a kind of Y' and seeing if the result makes sense.
So we have '(A) horse is a kind of animal' but not '(An) animal is a kind of horse' and so on."
✨ Inclusion:
"In general, there are a number of hyponyms for each superordinate. For example:
boar and piglet are also hyponyms of the superordinate pig, since the meaning of each of the three words sow, boar, and piglet 'contains' the meaning of the word pig.
(Note that in defining a word like sow, boar, or piglet, the superordinate word pig is often used as part of the definition: 'A sow is an adult female pig.')
Thus, it is not surprising that hyponymy is sometimes referred to as inclusion. The superordinate is the included word and the hyponym is the including one."
✨ Hierarchical Relationships and Multiple Layers:
"House is a hyponym of the superordinate building, but building is in turn, a hyponym of the superordinate structure, and, in its turn, structure is a hyponym of the superordinate thing. A superordinate at a given level can itself be a hyponym at a higher level."
" Hyponyms and hypernyms have multiple layers, as in the following examples, where fry is a hyponym of the hypernym cook, but fry itself is a hypernym for some other types of frying:
• Hypernym: cook
• Hyponyms: bake, boil, grill, fry, steam, roast
• Hypernym: fry
• Hyponyms: stir-fry, pan-fry, sauté, deep-fry"
#Word_relationships