Which of the following are correct about nanomaterials? 1. They have at least one dimension between 1–100 nm. 2. They often show properties different from bulk materials. 3. High surface-area-to-volume ratio contributes to their unique behaviour.

The nano-gold embedded thin film recently developed by Indian scientists operates primarily on which of the following principles?

Why are gold nanoparticles used in advanced sensors and energy-harvesting materials? 1. Unique electrical and thermal properties. 2. High surface-area-to-volume ratio, which enhances material performance. 3. Chemical stability and corrosion resistance.

With reference to "atmospheric escape", which statements are correct? 1. It is the loss of atmospheric gases to space. 2. A global magnetic field protects a planet's atmosphere from solar wind. 3. Mars has a strong global magnetic field like Earth.

Consider the following Mars missions:1. Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission): India. 2. MAVEN: NASA. 3. Tianwen-1: China. Which of the above have successfully entered orbit around Mars?

Why is the study of atmospheric escape on Mars important? 1. It explains the disappearance of much of Mars' ancient atmosphere. 2. It provides clues about Mar's past habitability. 3. It helps understand the evolution of planetary atmospheres in general.

Which of the following statements are correct? 1. All solar flares are accompanied by CMEs. 2. Geomagnetic storms occur when solar particles interact with Earth's magnetosphere. 3. CMEs take much longer than sunlight to reach Earth.

Auroras are most directly produced by the excitation of which of the following atmospheric constituents? 1. Atomic oxygen. 2. Molecular nitrogen. 3. Argon

Auroras are generally confined to high latitudes because: 1. Earth's magnetic field lines converge near the poles. 2. Solar radiation is strongest at the poles. 3. Charged particles entering Earth's magnetosphere are guided along magnetic field lines.

Which of the statements are correct? 1. All bacteria are pathogenic to humans. 2. Antibiotics are generally effective against bacterial infections but not viral infections. 3. Some bacteria play an essential role in nitrogen fixation and human digestion.

Which of the following diseases are caused by bacteria? 1. Tuberculosis 2. Cholera 3. Shigellosis 4. Dengue

With reference to Naphthalene Diimide (NDI), what is/are correct? 1. NDI is an organic semiconductor molecule. 2. NDI-based materials can self-assemble into nanoscale structures. 3. NDI is primarily used as a radioactive tracer in medical imaging.

Why is Naphthalene Diimide (NDI) important for next-gen electronics? 1. Its molecular arrangement can be tuned by temperature. 2. Changes in its nanoscale structure can alter optical and electrical properties. 3. It enables adaptive electronic devices.

Which of the following statements regarding ethanol as a transport fuel are correct? 1. Ethanol has a higher octane rating than petrol. 2. Ethanol contains less energy per litre than petrol. 3. Ethanol can be produced only from sugar-rich crops.