Answer: (A)
INS Visakhapatnam — Destroyer: a major surface combatant used for air defence, surface warfare and anti-submarine warfare.
Surya (FSS-1) — Fleet Support Ship: India's first indigenously built FSS, designed to replenish warships at sea with fuel, water, ammunition and other supplies.
INS Shivalik — Frigate: a stealth multi-role frigate used for escort, surveillance and anti-submarine warfare.
INS Vikrant — Aircraft Carrier: India's first indigenously built aircraft carrier and a sea-based airbase for naval aircraft.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
INS Visakhapatnam — Destroyer: a major surface combatant used for air defence, surface warfare and anti-submarine warfare.
Surya (FSS-1) — Fleet Support Ship: India's first indigenously built FSS, designed to replenish warships at sea with fuel, water, ammunition and other supplies.
INS Shivalik — Frigate: a stealth multi-role frigate used for escort, surveillance and anti-submarine warfare.
INS Vikrant — Aircraft Carrier: India's first indigenously built aircraft carrier and a sea-based airbase for naval aircraft.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
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Answer: (B)
The Index of Services Production (ISP) is India’s first high-frequency indicator for measuring short-term changes in the output of the formal services sector. Developed by MoSPI, it uses 2024–25 as the base year and is released monthly with a lag of around 60 days.
The index initially covers 19 service sub-sectors, accounting for about 60% of the services sector. It uses GST data, administrative data and ASISSE, with WPI and CPI-based deflators to convert nominal values into real output.
It excludes areas such as public administration, defence, government health and education, and certain informal or non-market services. Its methodology draws on OECD and Eurostat international practices.
The Index of Services Production (ISP) is India’s first high-frequency indicator for measuring short-term changes in the output of the formal services sector. Developed by MoSPI, it uses 2024–25 as the base year and is released monthly with a lag of around 60 days.
The index initially covers 19 service sub-sectors, accounting for about 60% of the services sector. It uses GST data, administrative data and ASISSE, with WPI and CPI-based deflators to convert nominal values into real output.
It excludes areas such as public administration, defence, government health and education, and certain informal or non-market services. Its methodology draws on OECD and Eurostat international practices.
Consider the following statements regarding the Siang River:
1. The Siang Upper Multipurpose Project is proposed on the Siang River in Arunachal Pradesh and is intended to serve multiple purposes, including hydropower generation and water management.
2. The river is known as the Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet and enters India through Arunachal Pradesh as the Siang.
3. The Siang subsequently joins the Subansiri and Kameng rivers in Assam to form the Brahmaputra.
1. The Siang Upper Multipurpose Project is proposed on the Siang River in Arunachal Pradesh and is intended to serve multiple purposes, including hydropower generation and water management.
2. The river is known as the Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet and enters India through Arunachal Pradesh as the Siang.
3. The Siang subsequently joins the Subansiri and Kameng rivers in Assam to form the Brahmaputra.
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Answer: (A)
Statement 1 – Correct: The Siang Upper Multipurpose Project is proposed in Arunachal Pradesh and is a multipurpose hydropower project. Government sources identify Upper Siang as a major hydropower project with flood-moderation benefits.
Statement 2 – Correct: The river originates in Tibet as the Yarlung Tsangpo and enters India through Arunachal Pradesh, where it is known as the Siang/Dihang. C
Statement 3 – Incorrect: The Siang does not join the Subansiri and Kameng to form the Brahmaputra. Near Sadiya, it joins the Dibang and Lohit, after which the river is known as the Brahmaputra. Subansiri and Kameng are later tributaries of the Brahmaputra.
Hence, the correct answer is (a) 1 and 2 only.
Statement 1 – Correct: The Siang Upper Multipurpose Project is proposed in Arunachal Pradesh and is a multipurpose hydropower project. Government sources identify Upper Siang as a major hydropower project with flood-moderation benefits.
Statement 2 – Correct: The river originates in Tibet as the Yarlung Tsangpo and enters India through Arunachal Pradesh, where it is known as the Siang/Dihang. C
Statement 3 – Incorrect: The Siang does not join the Subansiri and Kameng to form the Brahmaputra. Near Sadiya, it joins the Dibang and Lohit, after which the river is known as the Brahmaputra. Subansiri and Kameng are later tributaries of the Brahmaputra.
Hence, the correct answer is (a) 1 and 2 only.
Kaziranga National Park is located between the Brahmaputra River and the Karbi Anglong Hills. It was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1985 for its exceptional natural habitats and biodiversity.
Important for UPSC: Environment & Ecology → National Parks → Assam → UNESCO World Heritage Sites → One-Horned Rhinoceros → Brahmaputra Floodplains → Tiger Reserves.
Important for UPSC: Environment & Ecology → National Parks → Assam → UNESCO World Heritage Sites → One-Horned Rhinoceros → Brahmaputra Floodplains → Tiger Reserves.
Consider the following statements regarding 6G technology:
1. 6G is associated with the IMT-2030 framework of ITU.
2. Uses the Terahertz (THz) band (ranging from 100 GHz to 10 THz), sitting between microwaves and radio waves. .
3. It is projected to deliver speeds up to 1 Terabit per second (1 Tbps).
1. 6G is associated with the IMT-2030 framework of ITU.
2. Uses the Terahertz (THz) band (ranging from 100 GHz to 10 THz), sitting between microwaves and radio waves. .
3. It is projected to deliver speeds up to 1 Terabit per second (1 Tbps).
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Answer: (C)
Statement 1 is correct: 6G (Sixth-Generation) technology is the upcoming wireless communication standard—designated as IMT-2030 by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
Statement 2 is incorrect: Uses the Terahertz (THz) band (ranging from 100 GHz to 10 THz), sitting between microwaves and infrared waves.
Statement 3 is correct: It is projected to deliver speeds up to 1 Terabit per second (1 Tbps) up to 100× to 1,000× faster than 5G; targets sub-millisecond or microsecond-level latency(near zero).
Therefore, Option C is the right answer
Statement 1 is correct: 6G (Sixth-Generation) technology is the upcoming wireless communication standard—designated as IMT-2030 by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
Statement 2 is incorrect: Uses the Terahertz (THz) band (ranging from 100 GHz to 10 THz), sitting between microwaves and infrared waves.
Statement 3 is correct: It is projected to deliver speeds up to 1 Terabit per second (1 Tbps) up to 100× to 1,000× faster than 5G; targets sub-millisecond or microsecond-level latency(near zero).
Therefore, Option C is the right answer
Consider the following statements with regard to tuberculosis (TB):
1. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and affects only the lungs.
2. Pulmonary tuberculosis can spread through the air when an infectious person releases bacteria by coughing or speaking.
3. The Ni-kshay portal is associated with the digital monitoring of TB patients and programme-related information.
1. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and affects only the lungs.
2. Pulmonary tuberculosis can spread through the air when an infectious person releases bacteria by coughing or speaking.
3. The Ni-kshay portal is associated with the digital monitoring of TB patients and programme-related information.
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Answer: (A)
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although it most commonly affects the lungs (pulmonary TB), it can also affect other organs, including the brain, kidneys, bones and lymph nodes (extrapulmonary TB). Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect.
Pulmonary TB spreads through the air when a person with infectious TB releases bacteria-containing particles by coughing, speaking or singing. Transmission is more likely in enclosed or poorly ventilated spaces. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
The Ni-kshay portal is a digital platform associated with India's National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP). It supports the registration and monitoring of TB patients and helps manage programme-related information, including treatment and follow-up. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.
Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although it most commonly affects the lungs (pulmonary TB), it can also affect other organs, including the brain, kidneys, bones and lymph nodes (extrapulmonary TB). Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect.
Pulmonary TB spreads through the air when a person with infectious TB releases bacteria-containing particles by coughing, speaking or singing. Transmission is more likely in enclosed or poorly ventilated spaces. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
The Ni-kshay portal is a digital platform associated with India's National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP). It supports the registration and monitoring of TB patients and helps manage programme-related information, including treatment and follow-up. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.
Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.
With reference to the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), consider the following statements:
1. It is a statutory body established under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002.
2. It regulates foreign access to Indian biological resources and promotes fair benefit-sharing.
3. It prepares People’s Biodiversity Registers at the local level.
4. It advises State Governments on notifying Biodiversity Heritage Sites.
1. It is a statutory body established under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002.
2. It regulates foreign access to Indian biological resources and promotes fair benefit-sharing.
3. It prepares People’s Biodiversity Registers at the local level.
4. It advises State Governments on notifying Biodiversity Heritage Sites.
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Answer: (B)
Statement 1 is Correct. The National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) is a statutory, autonomous body established in 2003 by the Central Government under Section 8 of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, to implement its provisions.
Statement 2 is Correct. The NBA regulates foreign access to Indian biological resources (under Section 3 of the Act) and ensures equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the use of these resources.
Statement 3 is Incorrect. People’s Biodiversity Registers (PBRs) are not prepared directly by the National Biodiversity Authority. Instead, they are prepared by local-level Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) constituted by local bodies (panchayats, municipalities) in consultation with local communities.
Statement 4 is Correct. Under Section 18 of the Act, one of the primary statutory functions of the NBA is to advise State Governments in selecting and notifying areas of ecological and biodiversity importance as Biodiversity Heritage Sites (BHS).
Therefore ,option B is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is Correct. The National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) is a statutory, autonomous body established in 2003 by the Central Government under Section 8 of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, to implement its provisions.
Statement 2 is Correct. The NBA regulates foreign access to Indian biological resources (under Section 3 of the Act) and ensures equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the use of these resources.
Statement 3 is Incorrect. People’s Biodiversity Registers (PBRs) are not prepared directly by the National Biodiversity Authority. Instead, they are prepared by local-level Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) constituted by local bodies (panchayats, municipalities) in consultation with local communities.
Statement 4 is Correct. Under Section 18 of the Act, one of the primary statutory functions of the NBA is to advise State Governments in selecting and notifying areas of ecological and biodiversity importance as Biodiversity Heritage Sites (BHS).
Therefore ,option B is the correct answer.
Comprehensive Current Affairs Course by Israel Jebasingh, Ex-IAS & Director, Officers IAS Academy
Course Highlights:
- Entire Course Personally Handled by R.A. Israel Jebasingh, Ex-IAS
- CCA study material and class notes personally prepared by R.A. Israel Jebasingh, Ex-IAS
- Coverage from the right and most credible sources
- Exam-Oriented approach for UPSC CSE Prelims 2027
- Practice Questions after every class
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Know more: https://youtu.be/FEXCiTfxmx8
Integrated learning with conceptual clarity and subject interlinkages
Course Fee: ₹24,750
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Enroll Now : https://payments.cashfree.com/forms/CCA2026
Admissions open. Limited seats!
Course Highlights:
- Entire Course Personally Handled by R.A. Israel Jebasingh, Ex-IAS
- CCA study material and class notes personally prepared by R.A. Israel Jebasingh, Ex-IAS
- Coverage from the right and most credible sources
- Exam-Oriented approach for UPSC CSE Prelims 2027
- Practice Questions after every class
- Full-Length Tests
Know more: https://youtu.be/FEXCiTfxmx8
Integrated learning with conceptual clarity and subject interlinkages
Course Fee: ₹24,750
Download Brochure: https://drive.google.com/file/d/19Tcpkd2BcT0YRAB5fGyyR4kEayNVdfFl/view?usp=sharing
Enroll Now : https://payments.cashfree.com/forms/CCA2026
Admissions open. Limited seats!
With reference to the Selection Committee for the appointment of the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and Election Commissioners (ECs), consider the following statements:
1. The Selection Committee is chaired by the Prime Minister of India.
2. The Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha or the leader of the largest opposition party in the Lok Sabha is a statutory member.
3. The Chief Justice of India serves as a member of the Selection Committee.
4. The vacancy of any member in the Selection Committee invalidates the appointment of the CEC or ECs.
1. The Selection Committee is chaired by the Prime Minister of India.
2. The Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha or the leader of the largest opposition party in the Lok Sabha is a statutory member.
3. The Chief Justice of India serves as a member of the Selection Committee.
4. The vacancy of any member in the Selection Committee invalidates the appointment of the CEC or ECs.