With reference to the 'SME Growth Fund' in India, consider the following statements:
1. It is a category of Alternative Investment Fund (AIF) registered under the Companies Act, 2013.
2. It primarily aims to provide growth capital to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to scale up operations and listed SME platform growth.
3. The fund focuses only on providing working-capital support to SMEs and does not support expansion or technology adoption.
1. It is a category of Alternative Investment Fund (AIF) registered under the Companies Act, 2013.
2. It primarily aims to provide growth capital to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to scale up operations and listed SME platform growth.
3. The fund focuses only on providing working-capital support to SMEs and does not support expansion or technology adoption.
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Answer: (C)
Statement 1 is Incorrect: Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs) in India are regulated and registered under the SEBI (Alternative Investment Funds) Regulations, 2012 established by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), not under the Companies Act, 2013.
Statement 2 is Correct: SME Growth Funds (often categorized under Category I or Category II AIFs such as Venture Capital or Growth Funds) primarily focus on providing equity, quasi-equity, or debt capital to Small and Medium Enterprises. The primary objective is to enable SMEs to scale operations, enhance capacity, and list on SME exchange platforms (e.g., BSE SME or NSE Emerge).
Statement 3 is Incorrect: SME Growth Funds are not limited to short-term working capital. Their primary objective is providing long-term growth and expansion capital, facilitating technology adoption, market expansion, capacity upgrades, and preparing the entity for listing on stock exchanges.
Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is Incorrect: Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs) in India are regulated and registered under the SEBI (Alternative Investment Funds) Regulations, 2012 established by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), not under the Companies Act, 2013.
Statement 2 is Correct: SME Growth Funds (often categorized under Category I or Category II AIFs such as Venture Capital or Growth Funds) primarily focus on providing equity, quasi-equity, or debt capital to Small and Medium Enterprises. The primary objective is to enable SMEs to scale operations, enhance capacity, and list on SME exchange platforms (e.g., BSE SME or NSE Emerge).
Statement 3 is Incorrect: SME Growth Funds are not limited to short-term working capital. Their primary objective is providing long-term growth and expansion capital, facilitating technology adoption, market expansion, capacity upgrades, and preparing the entity for listing on stock exchanges.
Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
Consider the following pairs:
Vessels Categories
1.INS Visakhapatnam A. Aircraft Carrier
2.Surya (FSS-1) B. Destroyer
3.INS Shivalik C.Fleet Support Ship
4.INS Vikrant D. Frigate
Vessels Categories
1.INS Visakhapatnam A. Aircraft Carrier
2.Surya (FSS-1) B. Destroyer
3.INS Shivalik C.Fleet Support Ship
4.INS Vikrant D. Frigate
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Answer: (A)
INS Visakhapatnam — Destroyer: a major surface combatant used for air defence, surface warfare and anti-submarine warfare.
Surya (FSS-1) — Fleet Support Ship: India's first indigenously built FSS, designed to replenish warships at sea with fuel, water, ammunition and other supplies.
INS Shivalik — Frigate: a stealth multi-role frigate used for escort, surveillance and anti-submarine warfare.
INS Vikrant — Aircraft Carrier: India's first indigenously built aircraft carrier and a sea-based airbase for naval aircraft.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
INS Visakhapatnam — Destroyer: a major surface combatant used for air defence, surface warfare and anti-submarine warfare.
Surya (FSS-1) — Fleet Support Ship: India's first indigenously built FSS, designed to replenish warships at sea with fuel, water, ammunition and other supplies.
INS Shivalik — Frigate: a stealth multi-role frigate used for escort, surveillance and anti-submarine warfare.
INS Vikrant — Aircraft Carrier: India's first indigenously built aircraft carrier and a sea-based airbase for naval aircraft.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
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Answer: (B)
The Index of Services Production (ISP) is India’s first high-frequency indicator for measuring short-term changes in the output of the formal services sector. Developed by MoSPI, it uses 2024–25 as the base year and is released monthly with a lag of around 60 days.
The index initially covers 19 service sub-sectors, accounting for about 60% of the services sector. It uses GST data, administrative data and ASISSE, with WPI and CPI-based deflators to convert nominal values into real output.
It excludes areas such as public administration, defence, government health and education, and certain informal or non-market services. Its methodology draws on OECD and Eurostat international practices.
The Index of Services Production (ISP) is India’s first high-frequency indicator for measuring short-term changes in the output of the formal services sector. Developed by MoSPI, it uses 2024–25 as the base year and is released monthly with a lag of around 60 days.
The index initially covers 19 service sub-sectors, accounting for about 60% of the services sector. It uses GST data, administrative data and ASISSE, with WPI and CPI-based deflators to convert nominal values into real output.
It excludes areas such as public administration, defence, government health and education, and certain informal or non-market services. Its methodology draws on OECD and Eurostat international practices.
Consider the following statements regarding the Siang River:
1. The Siang Upper Multipurpose Project is proposed on the Siang River in Arunachal Pradesh and is intended to serve multiple purposes, including hydropower generation and water management.
2. The river is known as the Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet and enters India through Arunachal Pradesh as the Siang.
3. The Siang subsequently joins the Subansiri and Kameng rivers in Assam to form the Brahmaputra.
1. The Siang Upper Multipurpose Project is proposed on the Siang River in Arunachal Pradesh and is intended to serve multiple purposes, including hydropower generation and water management.
2. The river is known as the Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet and enters India through Arunachal Pradesh as the Siang.
3. The Siang subsequently joins the Subansiri and Kameng rivers in Assam to form the Brahmaputra.
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Answer: (A)
Statement 1 – Correct: The Siang Upper Multipurpose Project is proposed in Arunachal Pradesh and is a multipurpose hydropower project. Government sources identify Upper Siang as a major hydropower project with flood-moderation benefits.
Statement 2 – Correct: The river originates in Tibet as the Yarlung Tsangpo and enters India through Arunachal Pradesh, where it is known as the Siang/Dihang. C
Statement 3 – Incorrect: The Siang does not join the Subansiri and Kameng to form the Brahmaputra. Near Sadiya, it joins the Dibang and Lohit, after which the river is known as the Brahmaputra. Subansiri and Kameng are later tributaries of the Brahmaputra.
Hence, the correct answer is (a) 1 and 2 only.
Statement 1 – Correct: The Siang Upper Multipurpose Project is proposed in Arunachal Pradesh and is a multipurpose hydropower project. Government sources identify Upper Siang as a major hydropower project with flood-moderation benefits.
Statement 2 – Correct: The river originates in Tibet as the Yarlung Tsangpo and enters India through Arunachal Pradesh, where it is known as the Siang/Dihang. C
Statement 3 – Incorrect: The Siang does not join the Subansiri and Kameng to form the Brahmaputra. Near Sadiya, it joins the Dibang and Lohit, after which the river is known as the Brahmaputra. Subansiri and Kameng are later tributaries of the Brahmaputra.
Hence, the correct answer is (a) 1 and 2 only.
Kaziranga National Park is located between the Brahmaputra River and the Karbi Anglong Hills. It was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1985 for its exceptional natural habitats and biodiversity.
Important for UPSC: Environment & Ecology → National Parks → Assam → UNESCO World Heritage Sites → One-Horned Rhinoceros → Brahmaputra Floodplains → Tiger Reserves.
Important for UPSC: Environment & Ecology → National Parks → Assam → UNESCO World Heritage Sites → One-Horned Rhinoceros → Brahmaputra Floodplains → Tiger Reserves.
Consider the following statements regarding 6G technology:
1. 6G is associated with the IMT-2030 framework of ITU.
2. Uses the Terahertz (THz) band (ranging from 100 GHz to 10 THz), sitting between microwaves and radio waves. .
3. It is projected to deliver speeds up to 1 Terabit per second (1 Tbps).
1. 6G is associated with the IMT-2030 framework of ITU.
2. Uses the Terahertz (THz) band (ranging from 100 GHz to 10 THz), sitting between microwaves and radio waves. .
3. It is projected to deliver speeds up to 1 Terabit per second (1 Tbps).
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Answer: (C)
Statement 1 is correct: 6G (Sixth-Generation) technology is the upcoming wireless communication standard—designated as IMT-2030 by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
Statement 2 is incorrect: Uses the Terahertz (THz) band (ranging from 100 GHz to 10 THz), sitting between microwaves and infrared waves.
Statement 3 is correct: It is projected to deliver speeds up to 1 Terabit per second (1 Tbps) up to 100× to 1,000× faster than 5G; targets sub-millisecond or microsecond-level latency(near zero).
Therefore, Option C is the right answer
Statement 1 is correct: 6G (Sixth-Generation) technology is the upcoming wireless communication standard—designated as IMT-2030 by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
Statement 2 is incorrect: Uses the Terahertz (THz) band (ranging from 100 GHz to 10 THz), sitting between microwaves and infrared waves.
Statement 3 is correct: It is projected to deliver speeds up to 1 Terabit per second (1 Tbps) up to 100× to 1,000× faster than 5G; targets sub-millisecond or microsecond-level latency(near zero).
Therefore, Option C is the right answer
Consider the following statements with regard to tuberculosis (TB):
1. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and affects only the lungs.
2. Pulmonary tuberculosis can spread through the air when an infectious person releases bacteria by coughing or speaking.
3. The Ni-kshay portal is associated with the digital monitoring of TB patients and programme-related information.
1. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and affects only the lungs.
2. Pulmonary tuberculosis can spread through the air when an infectious person releases bacteria by coughing or speaking.
3. The Ni-kshay portal is associated with the digital monitoring of TB patients and programme-related information.
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Answer: (A)
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although it most commonly affects the lungs (pulmonary TB), it can also affect other organs, including the brain, kidneys, bones and lymph nodes (extrapulmonary TB). Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect.
Pulmonary TB spreads through the air when a person with infectious TB releases bacteria-containing particles by coughing, speaking or singing. Transmission is more likely in enclosed or poorly ventilated spaces. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
The Ni-kshay portal is a digital platform associated with India's National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP). It supports the registration and monitoring of TB patients and helps manage programme-related information, including treatment and follow-up. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.
Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although it most commonly affects the lungs (pulmonary TB), it can also affect other organs, including the brain, kidneys, bones and lymph nodes (extrapulmonary TB). Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect.
Pulmonary TB spreads through the air when a person with infectious TB releases bacteria-containing particles by coughing, speaking or singing. Transmission is more likely in enclosed or poorly ventilated spaces. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
The Ni-kshay portal is a digital platform associated with India's National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP). It supports the registration and monitoring of TB patients and helps manage programme-related information, including treatment and follow-up. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.
Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.