PM E-DRIVE stands for PM Electric Drive Revolution in Innovative Vehicle Enhancement. It was launched by the Ministry of Heavy Industries to promote electric mobility in India.
Important for UPSC: Indian Economy → Electric Mobility → Green Transportation → EV Manufacturing → Charging Infrastructure → Make in India → Sustainable Development.
Important for UPSC: Indian Economy → Electric Mobility → Green Transportation → EV Manufacturing → Charging Infrastructure → Make in India → Sustainable Development.
Dibru Saikhowa National Park lies within the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot and represents an important ecological transition between different forest and riverine habitats.
Important for UPSC: Environment & Ecology → National Parks → Assam → Brahmaputra Basin → Wetlands → Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot → White-winged Wood Duck → Feral Horses.
Important for UPSC: Environment & Ecology → National Parks → Assam → Brahmaputra Basin → Wetlands → Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot → White-winged Wood Duck → Feral Horses.
Consider the following statements regarding the Ramappa Temple:
1. Ramappa Temple is the only temple in India named after its architect.
2. It was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2021.
3. The temple is known for the use of the sandbox technique in its construction.
4. The temple was constructed during the reign of the Chola dynasty.
1. Ramappa Temple is the only temple in India named after its architect.
2. It was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2021.
3. The temple is known for the use of the sandbox technique in its construction.
4. The temple was constructed during the reign of the Chola dynasty.
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Answer: (C)
Ramappa Temple is the only temple in India named after its architect - Correct.
It is named after its chief sculptor/architect, Ramappa, rather than the presiding deity or the royal patron. It was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2021 - Correct.
The Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple in Telangana was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list during the 44th session of the World Heritage Committee in July 2021. The temple is known for the use of the sandbox technique in its construction - Correct.
The foundation of the temple was constructed using the sandbox technique (filling the foundation pit with a mixture of sand, granite powder, and jaggery) to make the structure earthquake-resistant. The temple was constructed during the reign of the Chola dynasty - Incorrect.
The temple was constructed in 1213 AD during the reign of the Kakatiya dynasty (under King Ganapati Deva, by his general Recharla Rudra).
Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
Ramappa Temple is the only temple in India named after its architect - Correct.
It is named after its chief sculptor/architect, Ramappa, rather than the presiding deity or the royal patron. It was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2021 - Correct.
The Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple in Telangana was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list during the 44th session of the World Heritage Committee in July 2021. The temple is known for the use of the sandbox technique in its construction - Correct.
The foundation of the temple was constructed using the sandbox technique (filling the foundation pit with a mixture of sand, granite powder, and jaggery) to make the structure earthquake-resistant. The temple was constructed during the reign of the Chola dynasty - Incorrect.
The temple was constructed in 1213 AD during the reign of the Kakatiya dynasty (under King Ganapati Deva, by his general Recharla Rudra).
Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
Consider the following countries:
1. Bulgaria
2. Romania
3. Georgia
4. Armenia
5. Turkiye
6. Ukraine
1. Bulgaria
2. Romania
3. Georgia
4. Armenia
5. Turkiye
6. Ukraine
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Answer: (C)
The Black Sea has coastlines belonging to six countries: Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Russia, Georgia and Türkiye.
● Bulgaria - Correct: Has a coastline along the western Black Sea.
● Romania - Correct: Has a coastline along the western Black Sea.
● Georgia - Correct: Has a coastline along the eastern Black Sea.
● Armenia - Incorrect: Armenia is a landlocked country and has no coastline on the Black Sea.
● Türkiye - Correct: Its northern coast borders the Black Sea.
● Ukraine - Correct: Has a coastline along the northern Black Sea. Thus, 5 of the 6 countries listed have a coastline on the Black Sea.
Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
The Black Sea has coastlines belonging to six countries: Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Russia, Georgia and Türkiye.
● Bulgaria - Correct: Has a coastline along the western Black Sea.
● Romania - Correct: Has a coastline along the western Black Sea.
● Georgia - Correct: Has a coastline along the eastern Black Sea.
● Armenia - Incorrect: Armenia is a landlocked country and has no coastline on the Black Sea.
● Türkiye - Correct: Its northern coast borders the Black Sea.
● Ukraine - Correct: Has a coastline along the northern Black Sea. Thus, 5 of the 6 countries listed have a coastline on the Black Sea.
Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
Consider the following statements regarding the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016:
1. The Act replaced the Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995.
2. A person with a benchmark disability is one having at least 40% of a specified disability.
3. The Act provides for 5% reservation in government jobs and 4% reservation in government and government-aided higher educational institutions for persons with benchmark disabilities.
1. The Act replaced the Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995.
2. A person with a benchmark disability is one having at least 40% of a specified disability.
3. The Act provides for 5% reservation in government jobs and 4% reservation in government and government-aided higher educational institutions for persons with benchmark disabilities.
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Answer: (A)
Statement 1 is correct: The Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016 replaced the earlier Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995 to align with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD).
Statement 2 is correct: Under Section 2(r) of the RPwD Act, 2016, a "person with benchmark disability" means a person with not less than 40% of a specified disability where specified disability has not been defined in measurable terms, and includes a person with a disability where specified disability has been defined in measurable terms.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Section 34 of the Act provides for not less than 4% reservation (increased from 3% in the 1995 Act) in government jobs for persons with benchmark disabilities, not 5%. Section 32 of the Act provides for not less than 5% reservation (increased from 3% in the 1995 Act) in government and government-aided higher educational institutions for persons with benchmark disabilities, not 4%.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is correct: The Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016 replaced the earlier Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995 to align with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD).
Statement 2 is correct: Under Section 2(r) of the RPwD Act, 2016, a "person with benchmark disability" means a person with not less than 40% of a specified disability where specified disability has not been defined in measurable terms, and includes a person with a disability where specified disability has been defined in measurable terms.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Section 34 of the Act provides for not less than 4% reservation (increased from 3% in the 1995 Act) in government jobs for persons with benchmark disabilities, not 5%. Section 32 of the Act provides for not less than 5% reservation (increased from 3% in the 1995 Act) in government and government-aided higher educational institutions for persons with benchmark disabilities, not 4%.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
Consider the following statements regarding Invasive Alien Species (IAS) in India:
1. Under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, Invasive Alien Species are defined as non-native species that threaten wildlife or their habitats.
2. Lantana camara, Prosopis juliflora and Viper grass are among the invasive alien species found in India.
3. Every non-native species introduced into India is automatically classified as an Invasive Alien Species.
1. Under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, Invasive Alien Species are defined as non-native species that threaten wildlife or their habitats.
2. Lantana camara, Prosopis juliflora and Viper grass are among the invasive alien species found in India.
3. Every non-native species introduced into India is automatically classified as an Invasive Alien Species.
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Answer: (A)
Statement 1 is correct: The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 defines IAS in terms of non-native species that threaten wildlife or habitats.
Statement 2 is correct: Lantana camara, Prosopis juliflora and Viper grass are examples of invasive species found in India.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Not every non-native species is invasive. An alien species becomes invasive when it establishes/spreads and causes adverse impacts.
Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is correct: The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 defines IAS in terms of non-native species that threaten wildlife or habitats.
Statement 2 is correct: Lantana camara, Prosopis juliflora and Viper grass are examples of invasive species found in India.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Not every non-native species is invasive. An alien species becomes invasive when it establishes/spreads and causes adverse impacts.
Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.
With reference to Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls, consider the following statements:
1. SIR involves a comprehensive verification of electors in the electoral rolls.
2. The Election Commission of India derives its authority to conduct electoral-roll revisions primarily from the Representation of the People Act, 1950.
3. SIR can be undertaken only after every general election to the Lok Sabha.
1. SIR involves a comprehensive verification of electors in the electoral rolls.
2. The Election Commission of India derives its authority to conduct electoral-roll revisions primarily from the Representation of the People Act, 1950.
3. SIR can be undertaken only after every general election to the Lok Sabha.
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Answer: (B)
Statement 1 is correct: An Intensive Revision is a detailed exercise to verify and prepare electoral rolls. It can involve house-to-house verification/enumeration, rather than merely relying on existing electoral-roll entries. The objective is to identify eligible electors and detect issues such as duplicate, shifted, deceased, or otherwise ineligible entries, subject to the applicable legal process.
Statement 2 is correct: The Representation of the People Act, 1950 (RPA 1950) deals substantially with electoral rolls and matters connected with elections. The Election Commission's constitutional authority comes from Article 324, while the detailed statutory framework for electoral rolls is provided by legislation such as the RPA 1950.
Statement 3 is incorrect: There is no rule that intensive revision can be conducted only after a Lok Sabha election. Electoral-roll revision can be undertaken according to the requirements and directions of the Election Commission and the applicable law.
Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is correct: An Intensive Revision is a detailed exercise to verify and prepare electoral rolls. It can involve house-to-house verification/enumeration, rather than merely relying on existing electoral-roll entries. The objective is to identify eligible electors and detect issues such as duplicate, shifted, deceased, or otherwise ineligible entries, subject to the applicable legal process.
Statement 2 is correct: The Representation of the People Act, 1950 (RPA 1950) deals substantially with electoral rolls and matters connected with elections. The Election Commission's constitutional authority comes from Article 324, while the detailed statutory framework for electoral rolls is provided by legislation such as the RPA 1950.
Statement 3 is incorrect: There is no rule that intensive revision can be conducted only after a Lok Sabha election. Electoral-roll revision can be undertaken according to the requirements and directions of the Election Commission and the applicable law.
Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer.
In October 2026, two captive-bred male Great Indian Bustards were released into the wild at Desert National Park, Jaisalmer, Rajasthan — a major step towards rewilding the species.
Important for UPSC: Environment & Ecology → Endangered Species → Grassland Ecosystems → Thar Desert → Project Great Indian Bustard → Conservation Breeding → Human–Wildlife Conflict
Important for UPSC: Environment & Ecology → Endangered Species → Grassland Ecosystems → Thar Desert → Project Great Indian Bustard → Conservation Breeding → Human–Wildlife Conflict