Answer: (A)
Statement 1 is correct: The UNGA elects the 10 non-permanent members of the UNSC and members of ECOSOC. Elections to these bodies are among the questions requiring a two-thirds majority.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit of India served as President of the UNGA in 1953–54.
Statement 3 is correct: Each UN Member State has one vote in the General Assembly.
Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is correct: The UNGA elects the 10 non-permanent members of the UNSC and members of ECOSOC. Elections to these bodies are among the questions requiring a two-thirds majority.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit of India served as President of the UNGA in 1953–54.
Statement 3 is correct: Each UN Member State has one vote in the General Assembly.
Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.
Make in India completed 12 years on 25 September 2026, marking a milestone in India’s manufacturing journey.
Important for UPSC: Indian Economy → Industrial Development → Make in India → Manufacturing → PLI Scheme → FDI → Atmanirbhar Bharat.
Important for UPSC: Indian Economy → Industrial Development → Make in India → Manufacturing → PLI Scheme → FDI → Atmanirbhar Bharat.
Project Nimbus has drawn criticism over concerns that cloud and AI technologies could support surveillance or military activities. The companies’ role and the potential uses of the services have been debated.
Important for UPSC: Science & Technology → Cloud Computing → Artificial Intelligence → Data Sovereignty → Technology Ethics → Human Rights.
Important for UPSC: Science & Technology → Cloud Computing → Artificial Intelligence → Data Sovereignty → Technology Ethics → Human Rights.
Consider the following statements regarding United Nations Security Council:
1. The Security Council can authorize military enforcement actions to maintain or restore international peace and security.
2. A single permanent member can veto and block any major resolution tabled in the security council.
3. Non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms by the UN General Assembly with due regard to geographical regional distribution.
1. The Security Council can authorize military enforcement actions to maintain or restore international peace and security.
2. A single permanent member can veto and block any major resolution tabled in the security council.
3. Non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms by the UN General Assembly with due regard to geographical regional distribution.
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Answer: (D)
Statement 1 is correct: Under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, the Security Council has the authority to authorize military and non-military enforcement actions to maintain or restore international peace and security.
Statement 2 is correct: Any of the five permanent members (P5) can cast a negative vote to veto and completely block any major (substantive) resolution in the council.
Statement 3 is correct: The ten non-permanent members of the UNSC are elected by the UN General Assembly for staggered two-year terms, with seats distributed among regional groups (such as Africa, Asia-Pacific, Eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Western Europe and others).
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is correct: Under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, the Security Council has the authority to authorize military and non-military enforcement actions to maintain or restore international peace and security.
Statement 2 is correct: Any of the five permanent members (P5) can cast a negative vote to veto and completely block any major (substantive) resolution in the council.
Statement 3 is correct: The ten non-permanent members of the UNSC are elected by the UN General Assembly for staggered two-year terms, with seats distributed among regional groups (such as Africa, Asia-Pacific, Eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Western Europe and others).
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
Consider the following statements regarding Project mBridge:
1. It is designed to facilitate cross-border payments and settlements using multiple central bank digital currencies.
2. It was jointly developed by the BIS Innovation Hub and the central banks of China, Hong Kong, Thailand and the UAE.
3. India joined Project mBridge as a founding member for cross-border Digital Rupee transactions.
1. It is designed to facilitate cross-border payments and settlements using multiple central bank digital currencies.
2. It was jointly developed by the BIS Innovation Hub and the central banks of China, Hong Kong, Thailand and the UAE.
3. India joined Project mBridge as a founding member for cross-border Digital Rupee transactions.
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Answer: (B)
Statement 1 is correct: Project mBridge is designed to facilitate real-time, peer-to-peer cross-border payments and foreign exchange transactions using multiple central bank digital currencies (mCBDCs).
Statement 2 is correct: The project was originally launched in 2021 as a joint initiative between the BIS Innovation Hub (specifically its Hong Kong Centre), the Digital Currency Institute of the People's Bank of China, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, the Bank of Thailand, and the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates.
Statement 3 is incorrect: India is not a founding member or a full participating member of Project mBridge; rather, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has only participated in an observing capacity alongside other central banks.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer
Statement 1 is correct: Project mBridge is designed to facilitate real-time, peer-to-peer cross-border payments and foreign exchange transactions using multiple central bank digital currencies (mCBDCs).
Statement 2 is correct: The project was originally launched in 2021 as a joint initiative between the BIS Innovation Hub (specifically its Hong Kong Centre), the Digital Currency Institute of the People's Bank of China, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, the Bank of Thailand, and the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates.
Statement 3 is incorrect: India is not a founding member or a full participating member of Project mBridge; rather, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has only participated in an observing capacity alongside other central banks.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer
Assertion (A): Bioplastics derived from renewable biomass do not contribute to greenhouse-gas emissions during their life cycle.
Reason (R): The production and processing of biomass-based feedstocks may involve energy consumption and other activities that generate greenhouse-gas emissions
Reason (R): The production and processing of biomass-based feedstocks may involve energy consumption and other activities that generate greenhouse-gas emissions
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Answer: (D)
Assertion (A): Incorrect: Bioplastics derived from renewable biomass can still contribute to greenhouse-gas emissions during their life cycle. Renewable origin does not mean that the entire production chain is emission-free. Cultivation of biomass, processing, manufacturing, transportation and disposal may involve energy use and associated emissions. Hence, Assertion (A) is incorrect.
Reason (R) - Correct: The production and processing of biomass-based feedstocks can require energy and other inputs that generate greenhouse-gas emissions. Hence, Reason (R) is correct.
Therefore, option (D) is the correct answer.
Assertion (A): Incorrect: Bioplastics derived from renewable biomass can still contribute to greenhouse-gas emissions during their life cycle. Renewable origin does not mean that the entire production chain is emission-free. Cultivation of biomass, processing, manufacturing, transportation and disposal may involve energy use and associated emissions. Hence, Assertion (A) is incorrect.
Reason (R) - Correct: The production and processing of biomass-based feedstocks can require energy and other inputs that generate greenhouse-gas emissions. Hence, Reason (R) is correct.
Therefore, option (D) is the correct answer.
With reference to recent trends in India's food economy, consider the following statements:
1. India's edible oil import dependence witnessed a declining trend between 2015–16 and 2023–24.
2. India's pulse imports declined in FY 2025–26 amid higher domestic production.
3. India remains a major net importer of millets to meet its domestic nutritional and cattle feed requirements.
1. India's edible oil import dependence witnessed a declining trend between 2015–16 and 2023–24.
2. India's pulse imports declined in FY 2025–26 amid higher domestic production.
3. India remains a major net importer of millets to meet its domestic nutritional and cattle feed requirements.
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Answer: (A)
Statement 1 is Correct: India's edible oil import dependence declined from 63.2% in 2015–16 to 56.25% in 2023–24. It rose to around 60% in FY 2025–26, with domestic production meeting approximately 40% of requirements.
Statement 2 is Correct: India's pulse import bill declined by approximately 34% in value in FY 2025–26, supported by higher domestic production of chana, moong and masoor.
Statement 3 is not Correct: India is not a net importer of millets. India is the world’s largest producer of millets (Shree Anna) and one of the top global exporters, producing over 40% of global output and around 80% of Asia's millet supply.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is Correct: India's edible oil import dependence declined from 63.2% in 2015–16 to 56.25% in 2023–24. It rose to around 60% in FY 2025–26, with domestic production meeting approximately 40% of requirements.
Statement 2 is Correct: India's pulse import bill declined by approximately 34% in value in FY 2025–26, supported by higher domestic production of chana, moong and masoor.
Statement 3 is not Correct: India is not a net importer of millets. India is the world’s largest producer of millets (Shree Anna) and one of the top global exporters, producing over 40% of global output and around 80% of Asia's millet supply.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.