On September 2026, India and MERCOSUR launched negotiations to expand their existing Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) to deepen trade and create greater market-access opportunities.
India–MERCOSUR trade reached around US$20.84 billion in 2025. India sees scope for greater access for sectors such as pharmaceuticals, while MERCOSUR is important for India's broader engagement with Latin America.
Important for UPSC: India–MERCOSUR PTA → Preferential tariff concessions → Expansion talks in 2026 → e-Certificate of Origin → Latin America trade.
India–MERCOSUR trade reached around US$20.84 billion in 2025. India sees scope for greater access for sectors such as pharmaceuticals, while MERCOSUR is important for India's broader engagement with Latin America.
Important for UPSC: India–MERCOSUR PTA → Preferential tariff concessions → Expansion talks in 2026 → e-Certificate of Origin → Latin America trade.
India has developed an indigenous technology to produce bio-bitumen from agricultural residue, especially rice straw, using pyrolysis. The resulting bio-oil is upgraded and converted into a road-grade bio-binder.
The technology was jointly developed by CSIR-CRRI, New Delhi and CSIR-IIP, Dehradun. In January 2026, it was transferred to industries for commercial manufacturing and scale-up.
Important for UPSC: Agricultural residue → Pyrolysis → Bio-oil → Bio-binder → Stubble management + Circular Economy + Import reduction.
The technology was jointly developed by CSIR-CRRI, New Delhi and CSIR-IIP, Dehradun. In January 2026, it was transferred to industries for commercial manufacturing and scale-up.
Important for UPSC: Agricultural residue → Pyrolysis → Bio-oil → Bio-binder → Stubble management + Circular Economy + Import reduction.
Sri Venkateswara National Park forms part of the Seshachalam Hills Biosphere Reserve, an important biodiversity region of the Eastern Ghats.
Important for UPSC: Environment & Ecology → Protected Areas → Eastern Ghats → Seshachalam Hills → Biodiversity → Red Sanders → Biosphere Reserves.
Important for UPSC: Environment & Ecology → Protected Areas → Eastern Ghats → Seshachalam Hills → Biodiversity → Red Sanders → Biosphere Reserves.
INS Kolkata was recently in the news after it was involved in a maritime collision with Pakistan Navy vessel PNS Hunain in the North Arabian Sea on 15 September 2026. India and Pakistan have given different accounts of the incident.
Important for UPSC: Defence → Indian Navy → Project 15A → Guided-Missile Destroyer → Maritime Security → Arabian Sea → India–Pakistan Maritime Relations
Important for UPSC: Defence → Indian Navy → Project 15A → Guided-Missile Destroyer → Maritime Security → Arabian Sea → India–Pakistan Maritime Relations
India has rejected the Pakistan–China Boundary Joint Commission, operationalised in September 2026, calling it without legal basis.
Important for UPSC: International Relations → India–China → India–Pakistan → J&K & Ladakh → Shaksgam Valley → Karakoram → CPEC → Territorial Disputes.
Important for UPSC: International Relations → India–China → India–Pakistan → J&K & Ladakh → Shaksgam Valley → Karakoram → CPEC → Territorial Disputes.
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We’re expanding our team and looking for talented and passionate individuals across multiple roles.
If you’re looking for an opportunity to learn, grow, collaborate and make an impact, we’d love to hear from you!
For queries: hr@officersiasacademy.com
Multiple roles. One bigger mission.
Come be a part of our journey!
We’re expanding our team and looking for talented and passionate individuals across multiple roles.
If you’re looking for an opportunity to learn, grow, collaborate and make an impact, we’d love to hear from you!
For queries: hr@officersiasacademy.com
Multiple roles. One bigger mission.
Come be a part of our journey!
Mouling National Park was notified on 30 December 1986 and is the second national park of Arunachal Pradesh, after Namdapha National Park.
Important for UPSC: Environment & Ecology → National Parks → Arunachal Pradesh → Eastern Himalayas → Siang River → Dihang-Dibang Biosphere Reserve → Biodiversity
Important for UPSC: Environment & Ecology → National Parks → Arunachal Pradesh → Eastern Himalayas → Siang River → Dihang-Dibang Biosphere Reserve → Biodiversity
During a discussion on the constitutional provisions relating to the State Legislature, X stated that courts could examine the validity of proceedings in a State Legislature if procedural irregularities were alleged. Y disagreed, pointing out that Article 212 protects legislative proceedings from judicial scrutiny on the ground of procedural irregularity.
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