Answer: (A)
Statement 1 is Correct: The SUMAN (Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan) Roadmap 2030 is a national strategy of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India. It aims to achieve zero preventable maternal and newborn deaths by 2030 through a life-cycle approach anchored in the RMNCHA+N (Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, and Adolescent Health + Nutrition) framework. Thus, the framework integrates reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health with nutrition across the life cycle.
Statement 2 is Correct: The Roadmap provides targeted interventions in 130 high-burden districts across 13 high-focus States, while also outlining strategies for all States and Union Territories. This combines focused interventions in high-burden areas with wider national coverage.
Statement 3 is Incorrect: The Roadmap is not centred primarily on intrapartum surgical enhancements. It follows a broader continuum-of-care approach covering pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, childbirth and postnatal care. It also incorporates digital health systems, referral mechanisms, community participation, nutrition and climate-responsive healthcare.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is Correct: The SUMAN (Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan) Roadmap 2030 is a national strategy of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India. It aims to achieve zero preventable maternal and newborn deaths by 2030 through a life-cycle approach anchored in the RMNCHA+N (Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, and Adolescent Health + Nutrition) framework. Thus, the framework integrates reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health with nutrition across the life cycle.
Statement 2 is Correct: The Roadmap provides targeted interventions in 130 high-burden districts across 13 high-focus States, while also outlining strategies for all States and Union Territories. This combines focused interventions in high-burden areas with wider national coverage.
Statement 3 is Incorrect: The Roadmap is not centred primarily on intrapartum surgical enhancements. It follows a broader continuum-of-care approach covering pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, childbirth and postnatal care. It also incorporates digital health systems, referral mechanisms, community participation, nutrition and climate-responsive healthcare.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
India assumed the BRICS Chairship in 2026, marking its fourth chairmanship, after 2012, 2016 and 2021.
India’s theme is “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability.” It reflects a people-centric and future-ready approach to BRICS cooperation.
Important for UPSC: BRICS → Global South → New Development Bank (NDB) → Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) → 11 members → India’s 2026 Chairship → “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability.”
India’s theme is “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability.” It reflects a people-centric and future-ready approach to BRICS cooperation.
Important for UPSC: BRICS → Global South → New Development Bank (NDB) → Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) → 11 members → India’s 2026 Chairship → “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability.”
Venezuela is located in northern South America, bordered by Colombia, Brazil and Guyana, with the Caribbean Sea to the north.
Venezuela experienced two powerful earthquakes of magnitude 7.2 and 7.5, occurring within seconds of each other. The 7.5-magnitude quake was the strongest recorded in Venezuela in more than a century.
Important for UPSC: Venezuela → Northern South America → Caribbean Sea → Caribbean–South American Plate Boundary → Strike-slip fault → Shallow earthquakes → La Guaira → Earthquake & landslide risk.
Venezuela experienced two powerful earthquakes of magnitude 7.2 and 7.5, occurring within seconds of each other. The 7.5-magnitude quake was the strongest recorded in Venezuela in more than a century.
Important for UPSC: Venezuela → Northern South America → Caribbean Sea → Caribbean–South American Plate Boundary → Strike-slip fault → Shallow earthquakes → La Guaira → Earthquake & landslide risk.
With reference to the Bar Council of India (BCI), consider the following statements:
1. It is a statutory body established under the provisions of the Advocates Act, 1961.
2. The Attorney General of India and the Solicitor General of India serve as its ex-officio members.
3. It has the authority to lay down standards of legal education and recognise universities whose law degrees qualify graduates for enrolment as advocates.
1. It is a statutory body established under the provisions of the Advocates Act, 1961.
2. The Attorney General of India and the Solicitor General of India serve as its ex-officio members.
3. It has the authority to lay down standards of legal education and recognise universities whose law degrees qualify graduates for enrolment as advocates.
Please open Telegram to view this post
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
Answer: (D)
Statement 1 is correct: The Bar Council of India (BCI) is a statutory body established under Section 4 of the Advocates Act, 1961.
Statement 2 is correct: Under Section 4(1) of the Advocates Act, 1961, the Attorney General of India and the Solicitor General of India serve as ex-officio members of the BCI, alongside elected members representing each State Bar Council.
Statement 3 is correct: Under Section 7(1)(h) and Section 7(1)(i) of the Advocates Act, 1961, the BCI is empowered to promote legal education, lay down standards of legal education in consultation with universities, and recognise universities whose law degrees serve as a qualification for enrolment as an advocate.
Therefore, option is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is correct: The Bar Council of India (BCI) is a statutory body established under Section 4 of the Advocates Act, 1961.
Statement 2 is correct: Under Section 4(1) of the Advocates Act, 1961, the Attorney General of India and the Solicitor General of India serve as ex-officio members of the BCI, alongside elected members representing each State Bar Council.
Statement 3 is correct: Under Section 7(1)(h) and Section 7(1)(i) of the Advocates Act, 1961, the BCI is empowered to promote legal education, lay down standards of legal education in consultation with universities, and recognise universities whose law degrees serve as a qualification for enrolment as an advocate.
Therefore, option is the correct answer.
Consider the following statements:
Statement-I: Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) successfully prevents invasive pneumococcal infections in infants.
Statement-II: Protein conjugation triggers a T-cell dependent response, creating immunological memory in infants.
Statement-I: Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) successfully prevents invasive pneumococcal infections in infants.
Statement-II: Protein conjugation triggers a T-cell dependent response, creating immunological memory in infants.
Please open Telegram to view this post
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
Answer: (B)
● Statement-I Analysis: PCV is clinically proven and widely administered under
immunization programs to prevent severe, invasive pneumococcal diseases in infants,
such as bacterial meningitis, bacteremia, and severe pneumonia.
● Statement-II Analysis: Protein conjugation (linking polysaccharide capsules to carrier
proteins) converts a weak T-cell independent response into a robust T-cell
dependent response, which is crucial for generating lasting immunological memory in
young children.
● Why Statement-II does not explain Statement-I: While Statement-II details the
underlying immunological mechanism that makes the vaccine effective in infants, it
does not act as the cause or reason why the vaccine prevents these specific clinical
infections (Statement-I). Statement-II describes how the immune system processes
the vaccine, whereas Statement-I states the clinical outcome of that protection.
● Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
● Statement-I Analysis: PCV is clinically proven and widely administered under
immunization programs to prevent severe, invasive pneumococcal diseases in infants,
such as bacterial meningitis, bacteremia, and severe pneumonia.
● Statement-II Analysis: Protein conjugation (linking polysaccharide capsules to carrier
proteins) converts a weak T-cell independent response into a robust T-cell
dependent response, which is crucial for generating lasting immunological memory in
young children.
● Why Statement-II does not explain Statement-I: While Statement-II details the
underlying immunological mechanism that makes the vaccine effective in infants, it
does not act as the cause or reason why the vaccine prevents these specific clinical
infections (Statement-I). Statement-II describes how the immune system processes
the vaccine, whereas Statement-I states the clinical outcome of that protection.
● Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
Please open Telegram to view this post
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
Answer: (A)
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) refers to removed or milled-up pavement materials containing asphalt and aggregates that are processed and recycled into new construction projects.
Key Aspects of RAP Technology
Process: During road reconstruction or resurfacing, old asphalt layers are milled off. This material is hauled to a plant, crushed, screened, and tested, then blended with fresh aggregates, virgin bitumen, and recycling agents to create new asphalt mixtures.
Environmental Benefits: It significantly reduces the demand for virgin aggregates (sand, gravel, stone) and petroleum-based bitumen, conserving natural resources and lowering the carbon footprint of road construction.
Economic Viability: Reusing high percentages of existing materials cuts down on raw material procurement and transportation costs, making infrastructure development more cost-effective.
Circular Economy: It aligns with sustainable infrastructure goals by minimizing construction waste and diverting asphalt from landfills.
Therefore option A is the correct answer.
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) refers to removed or milled-up pavement materials containing asphalt and aggregates that are processed and recycled into new construction projects.
Key Aspects of RAP Technology
Process: During road reconstruction or resurfacing, old asphalt layers are milled off. This material is hauled to a plant, crushed, screened, and tested, then blended with fresh aggregates, virgin bitumen, and recycling agents to create new asphalt mixtures.
Environmental Benefits: It significantly reduces the demand for virgin aggregates (sand, gravel, stone) and petroleum-based bitumen, conserving natural resources and lowering the carbon footprint of road construction.
Economic Viability: Reusing high percentages of existing materials cuts down on raw material procurement and transportation costs, making infrastructure development more cost-effective.
Circular Economy: It aligns with sustainable infrastructure goals by minimizing construction waste and diverting asphalt from landfills.
Therefore option A is the correct answer.
Consider the following statements regarding the Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Awards 2024:
1. The award is the highest national recognition for outstanding achievements in adventure activities in India.
2. Awards were announced in all four categories—Land Adventure, Water Adventure, Air Adventure and Lifetime Achievement—for the year 2024.
3. The award carries a status equivalent to that of the Arjuna Award.
1. The award is the highest national recognition for outstanding achievements in adventure activities in India.
2. Awards were announced in all four categories—Land Adventure, Water Adventure, Air Adventure and Lifetime Achievement—for the year 2024.
3. The award carries a status equivalent to that of the Arjuna Award.
Please open Telegram to view this post
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
Answer: (B)
Statement 1 is Correct: The Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Awards are the highest national recognition for outstanding achievements in adventure activities in India. The awards are conferred under the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: The four categories/domains are Land Adventure, Water Adventure, Air Adventure and Lifetime Achievement, but awards were not announced in all four for 2024.
○ Land Adventure: Baljeet Kaur and Skalzang Rigzin
○ Water Adventure: Rimo Saha
○ Air Adventure: No awardee announced
○ Lifetime Achievement: Shiv Prasad Chamoli
Statement 3 is Correct: The award carries a status equivalent to the Arjuna Award. Each awardee receives a bronze statuette, certificate and ₹15 lakh cash prize.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is Correct: The Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Awards are the highest national recognition for outstanding achievements in adventure activities in India. The awards are conferred under the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: The four categories/domains are Land Adventure, Water Adventure, Air Adventure and Lifetime Achievement, but awards were not announced in all four for 2024.
○ Land Adventure: Baljeet Kaur and Skalzang Rigzin
○ Water Adventure: Rimo Saha
○ Air Adventure: No awardee announced
○ Lifetime Achievement: Shiv Prasad Chamoli
Statement 3 is Correct: The award carries a status equivalent to the Arjuna Award. Each awardee receives a bronze statuette, certificate and ₹15 lakh cash prize.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
India’s Connect Central Asia Policy was launched in 2012 to strengthen India’s engagement with the Central Asian Republics — Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
India seeks better connectivity with Central Asia through initiatives such as Chabahar Port, the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) and other multimodal routes.
Important for UPSC: Connect Central Asia Policy → 5 Central Asian Republics → Security → Connectivity → Economic & Energy Cooperation → Chabahar & INSTC.
India seeks better connectivity with Central Asia through initiatives such as Chabahar Port, the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) and other multimodal routes.
Important for UPSC: Connect Central Asia Policy → 5 Central Asian Republics → Security → Connectivity → Economic & Energy Cooperation → Chabahar & INSTC.