Answer: (a)
Statement 1 is Correct:The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) is a statutory body under the Electricity Act, 2003. Section 70 provides for the CEA, while its functions are primarily specified under Section 73.
Statement 2 is Correct:Under Section 73(b), CEA specifies technical standards for the construction of electrical plants, electric lines and connectivity to the grid. It also specifies safety and grid standards.
Statement 3 – Incorrect:CEA does not determine electricity tariffs for inter-State transmission. This is a regulatory function of the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC). CEA primarily performs technical, planning and advisory functions.
Statement 1 is Correct:The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) is a statutory body under the Electricity Act, 2003. Section 70 provides for the CEA, while its functions are primarily specified under Section 73.
Statement 2 is Correct:Under Section 73(b), CEA specifies technical standards for the construction of electrical plants, electric lines and connectivity to the grid. It also specifies safety and grid standards.
Statement 3 – Incorrect:CEA does not determine electricity tariffs for inter-State transmission. This is a regulatory function of the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC). CEA primarily performs technical, planning and advisory functions.
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Answer: (B)
The Falkland Islands, also known as the Malvinas Islands, are an archipelago located in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the southern tip of South America.
The islands are administered by the United Kingdom as a self-governing British Overseas Territory.
Argentina claims sovereignty over the islands and refers to them as Islas Malvinas.
This has resulted in a long-standing sovereignty dispute between Argentina and the United Kingdom.
The dispute led to the Falklands War in 1982, when Argentina occupied the islands, but the UK subsequently regained control.
The two principal islands are East Falkland and West Falkland, and Stanley is the capital.
Therefore option B is the correct answer.
The Falkland Islands, also known as the Malvinas Islands, are an archipelago located in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the southern tip of South America.
The islands are administered by the United Kingdom as a self-governing British Overseas Territory.
Argentina claims sovereignty over the islands and refers to them as Islas Malvinas.
This has resulted in a long-standing sovereignty dispute between Argentina and the United Kingdom.
The dispute led to the Falklands War in 1982, when Argentina occupied the islands, but the UK subsequently regained control.
The two principal islands are East Falkland and West Falkland, and Stanley is the capital.
Therefore option B is the correct answer.
Jan Samarth is a National Portal for Credit-Linked Government Schemes, providing a single digital platform to access and apply for eligible government credit schemes.
Important for UPSC:
Jan Samarth → Ministry of Finance → Credit-linked Government schemes → Single-window digital platform → Financial inclusion → Easier access to institutional credit.
Important for UPSC:
Jan Samarth → Ministry of Finance → Credit-linked Government schemes → Single-window digital platform → Financial inclusion → Easier access to institutional credit.
Consider the following statements :
Statement-I : APEDA functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
Statement-II : APEDA is mandated to function as the secretariat for the implementation of the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) for organic exports.
Statement-I : APEDA functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
Statement-II : APEDA is mandated to function as the secretariat for the implementation of the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) for organic exports.
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Answer: (D)
Statement-I is incorrect: The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) is a statutory body established under an Act of Parliament. It functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (specifically the Department of Commerce), not the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
Statement-II is correct: APEDA has been officially mandated by the government to act as the Secretariat for the implementation of the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP). In this role, it manages the accreditation of certification bodies and regulates organic standards for products meant for export.
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
Statement-I is incorrect: The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) is a statutory body established under an Act of Parliament. It functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (specifically the Department of Commerce), not the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
Statement-II is correct: APEDA has been officially mandated by the government to act as the Secretariat for the implementation of the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP). In this role, it manages the accreditation of certification bodies and regulates organic standards for products meant for export.
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
With reference to the Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM-JANMAN), consider the following statements:
1. It focuses specifically on the socio-economic welfare and saturation of basic facilities for Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
2. The targeted coverage includes 75 PVTG communities spread across 18 States and 1 Union Territory.
1. It focuses specifically on the socio-economic welfare and saturation of basic facilities for Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
2. The targeted coverage includes 75 PVTG communities spread across 18 States and 1 Union Territory.
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Answer: (C)
PM-JANMAN (Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan) was launched in 2023 to improve the socio-economic conditions of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). It adopts a saturation approach to provide basic facilities such as housing, drinking water, healthcare, education, electricity and connectivity to PVTG communities.
Statement 1 is correct: PM-JANMAN focuses on improving the socio-economic condition of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) by saturating PVTG households and habitations with basic facilities such as safe housing, clean drinking
water, sanitation, improved access to education, health, nutrition, road/telecom connectivity, and sustainable livelihood opportunities.
Statement 2 is correct: The scheme covers 75 PVTG communities residing across 18 States and 1 Union Territory (Andaman & Nicobar Islands).
Therefore, option C is the correct answer
PM-JANMAN (Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan) was launched in 2023 to improve the socio-economic conditions of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). It adopts a saturation approach to provide basic facilities such as housing, drinking water, healthcare, education, electricity and connectivity to PVTG communities.
Statement 1 is correct: PM-JANMAN focuses on improving the socio-economic condition of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) by saturating PVTG households and habitations with basic facilities such as safe housing, clean drinking
water, sanitation, improved access to education, health, nutrition, road/telecom connectivity, and sustainable livelihood opportunities.
Statement 2 is correct: The scheme covers 75 PVTG communities residing across 18 States and 1 Union Territory (Andaman & Nicobar Islands).
Therefore, option C is the correct answer
Consider the following statements regarding Agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI):
1. Agentic AI pursues goals through multi-step planning, decision-making and action, unlike conventional AI, which responds to individual inputs or predefined tasks.
2. Agentic AI can interact with external tools, applications or databases to perform tasks based on the objective given to it.
3. Agentic AI systems always operate without any human intervention or oversight once a goal is assigned.
4. Agentic AI can adapt its actions based on feedback and the outcomes of previous actions.
1. Agentic AI pursues goals through multi-step planning, decision-making and action, unlike conventional AI, which responds to individual inputs or predefined tasks.
2. Agentic AI can interact with external tools, applications or databases to perform tasks based on the objective given to it.
3. Agentic AI systems always operate without any human intervention or oversight once a goal is assigned.
4. Agentic AI can adapt its actions based on feedback and the outcomes of previous actions.
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Answer: (C)
Agentic AI is designed to pursue goals through multi-step planning, decision-making and action, unlike conventional AI, which typically responds to individual inputs or predefined tasks. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
Agentic AI can interact with external tools, applications, APIs or databases to perform actions required to achieve a given objective. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
Agentic AI does not always operate without human intervention or oversight. Human approval, monitoring or intervention can be incorporated, particularly for sensitive or high-risk tasks. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
Agentic AI can adapt its actions based on feedback and the outcomes of previous actions, allowing it to modify its approach while pursuing a goal. Hence, statement 4 is correct.
Therefore, statements 1, 2 and 4 only are correct.
Hence, option (2) is the correct answer.
Agentic AI is designed to pursue goals through multi-step planning, decision-making and action, unlike conventional AI, which typically responds to individual inputs or predefined tasks. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
Agentic AI can interact with external tools, applications, APIs or databases to perform actions required to achieve a given objective. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
Agentic AI does not always operate without human intervention or oversight. Human approval, monitoring or intervention can be incorporated, particularly for sensitive or high-risk tasks. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
Agentic AI can adapt its actions based on feedback and the outcomes of previous actions, allowing it to modify its approach while pursuing a goal. Hence, statement 4 is correct.
Therefore, statements 1, 2 and 4 only are correct.
Hence, option (2) is the correct answer.
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Answer: (C)
The Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari Initiative, launched in 2024 under the Ministry of Jal Shakti, focuses on enhancing water recharge through measures such as rainwater harvesting, aquifer recharge, borewell recharge and recharge shafts.
The initiative follows a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach, encouraging participation from government agencies, local communities, industries, NGOs and Resident Welfare Associations (RWAs).
Its major objectives include:
○ Increasing groundwater levels by capturing and storing rainwater and surface runoff.
○ Promoting water conservation through community participation.
○ Enhancing climate resilience by improving water storage and providing a buffer during droughts.
○ Improving water quality through artificial recharge and natural filtration during groundwater percolation.
Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
The Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari Initiative, launched in 2024 under the Ministry of Jal Shakti, focuses on enhancing water recharge through measures such as rainwater harvesting, aquifer recharge, borewell recharge and recharge shafts.
The initiative follows a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach, encouraging participation from government agencies, local communities, industries, NGOs and Resident Welfare Associations (RWAs).
Its major objectives include:
○ Increasing groundwater levels by capturing and storing rainwater and surface runoff.
○ Promoting water conservation through community participation.
○ Enhancing climate resilience by improving water storage and providing a buffer during droughts.
○ Improving water quality through artificial recharge and natural filtration during groundwater percolation.
Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
Consider the following statements with reference to India's SUMAN Roadmap 2030:
1. The SUMAN Roadmap 2030 aims for zero preventable maternal and newborn deaths by 2030 through a life-cycle RMNCHA+N approach.
2. It targets 130 high-burden districts across 13 high-focus States while covering all States and Union Territories.
3. It focuses extensively on intrapartum surgical enhancements to ensure the continuity of maternal and newborn care.
1. The SUMAN Roadmap 2030 aims for zero preventable maternal and newborn deaths by 2030 through a life-cycle RMNCHA+N approach.
2. It targets 130 high-burden districts across 13 high-focus States while covering all States and Union Territories.
3. It focuses extensively on intrapartum surgical enhancements to ensure the continuity of maternal and newborn care.
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Answer: (A)
Statement 1 is Correct: The SUMAN (Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan) Roadmap 2030 is a national strategy of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India. It aims to achieve zero preventable maternal and newborn deaths by 2030 through a life-cycle approach anchored in the RMNCHA+N (Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, and Adolescent Health + Nutrition) framework. Thus, the framework integrates reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health with nutrition across the life cycle.
Statement 2 is Correct: The Roadmap provides targeted interventions in 130 high-burden districts across 13 high-focus States, while also outlining strategies for all States and Union Territories. This combines focused interventions in high-burden areas with wider national coverage.
Statement 3 is Incorrect: The Roadmap is not centred primarily on intrapartum surgical enhancements. It follows a broader continuum-of-care approach covering pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, childbirth and postnatal care. It also incorporates digital health systems, referral mechanisms, community participation, nutrition and climate-responsive healthcare.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is Correct: The SUMAN (Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan) Roadmap 2030 is a national strategy of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India. It aims to achieve zero preventable maternal and newborn deaths by 2030 through a life-cycle approach anchored in the RMNCHA+N (Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, and Adolescent Health + Nutrition) framework. Thus, the framework integrates reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health with nutrition across the life cycle.
Statement 2 is Correct: The Roadmap provides targeted interventions in 130 high-burden districts across 13 high-focus States, while also outlining strategies for all States and Union Territories. This combines focused interventions in high-burden areas with wider national coverage.
Statement 3 is Incorrect: The Roadmap is not centred primarily on intrapartum surgical enhancements. It follows a broader continuum-of-care approach covering pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, childbirth and postnatal care. It also incorporates digital health systems, referral mechanisms, community participation, nutrition and climate-responsive healthcare.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
India assumed the BRICS Chairship in 2026, marking its fourth chairmanship, after 2012, 2016 and 2021.
India’s theme is “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability.” It reflects a people-centric and future-ready approach to BRICS cooperation.
Important for UPSC: BRICS → Global South → New Development Bank (NDB) → Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) → 11 members → India’s 2026 Chairship → “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability.”
India’s theme is “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability.” It reflects a people-centric and future-ready approach to BRICS cooperation.
Important for UPSC: BRICS → Global South → New Development Bank (NDB) → Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) → 11 members → India’s 2026 Chairship → “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability.”