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Answer: (B)
Statement 1 is correct: The IUCN World Conservation Congress is convened quadrennially, bringing together thousands of representatives from sovereign governments, government agencies, indigenous peoples' organizations, and non-governmental civil society bodies.
Statement 2 is correct: The core mandate of the assembly is to serve as the global decision-making forum where members debate, shape, and establish global environmental priorities, biodiversity strategies, and the organizational policy direction of the Union.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The IUCN is a scientific advisory, consultative, and membership body—it is not a supranational legislative authority and does not possess the legal power to ratify binding international treaties or penalize sovereign nation-states for non-compliance. International treaties like CITES or the CBD are negotiated independently by governments through the United Nations framework, drawing on scientific data provided by the IUCN rather than being enacted or enforced by it.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is correct: The IUCN World Conservation Congress is convened quadrennially, bringing together thousands of representatives from sovereign governments, government agencies, indigenous peoples' organizations, and non-governmental civil society bodies.
Statement 2 is correct: The core mandate of the assembly is to serve as the global decision-making forum where members debate, shape, and establish global environmental priorities, biodiversity strategies, and the organizational policy direction of the Union.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The IUCN is a scientific advisory, consultative, and membership body—it is not a supranational legislative authority and does not possess the legal power to ratify binding international treaties or penalize sovereign nation-states for non-compliance. International treaties like CITES or the CBD are negotiated independently by governments through the United Nations framework, drawing on scientific data provided by the IUCN rather than being enacted or enforced by it.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
Consider the following statements regarding a geosynchronous satellite:
1. A geosynchronous satellite has an orbital period equal to the rotational period of the Earth.
2. All geostationary satellites are geosynchronous satellites.
3. For a satellite to be geostationary, its orbit must be circular and lie in the equatorial plane
1. A geosynchronous satellite has an orbital period equal to the rotational period of the Earth.
2. All geostationary satellites are geosynchronous satellites.
3. For a satellite to be geostationary, its orbit must be circular and lie in the equatorial plane
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Answer: (D)
Statement 1 is correct: By definition, any geosynchronous satellite has an orbital period that matches the Earth's sidereal rotation period (approximately 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds).
Statement 2 is correct: A geostationary orbit is a specialized subset of a geosynchronous orbit. Because all geostationary satellites match Earth's rotational period, they inherently qualify as geosynchronous.
Statement 3 is correct: To remain fixed over a single point on the Earth's equator (geostationary), a satellite's orbit must be circular (zero eccentricity) and lie directly in the equatorial plane (zero inclination).
Statement 1 is correct: By definition, any geosynchronous satellite has an orbital period that matches the Earth's sidereal rotation period (approximately 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds).
Statement 2 is correct: A geostationary orbit is a specialized subset of a geosynchronous orbit. Because all geostationary satellites match Earth's rotational period, they inherently qualify as geosynchronous.
Statement 3 is correct: To remain fixed over a single point on the Earth's equator (geostationary), a satellite's orbit must be circular (zero eccentricity) and lie directly in the equatorial plane (zero inclination).
With reference to the Central Electricity Authority (CEA), consider the following statements:
1. It is a statutory body constituted under the Electricity Act, 2003.
2. It specifies technical standards for the construction of electrical plants and electric lines.
3. It determines electricity tariffs for inter-State transmission.
1. It is a statutory body constituted under the Electricity Act, 2003.
2. It specifies technical standards for the construction of electrical plants and electric lines.
3. It determines electricity tariffs for inter-State transmission.
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Answer: (a)
Statement 1 is Correct:The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) is a statutory body under the Electricity Act, 2003. Section 70 provides for the CEA, while its functions are primarily specified under Section 73.
Statement 2 is Correct:Under Section 73(b), CEA specifies technical standards for the construction of electrical plants, electric lines and connectivity to the grid. It also specifies safety and grid standards.
Statement 3 – Incorrect:CEA does not determine electricity tariffs for inter-State transmission. This is a regulatory function of the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC). CEA primarily performs technical, planning and advisory functions.
Statement 1 is Correct:The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) is a statutory body under the Electricity Act, 2003. Section 70 provides for the CEA, while its functions are primarily specified under Section 73.
Statement 2 is Correct:Under Section 73(b), CEA specifies technical standards for the construction of electrical plants, electric lines and connectivity to the grid. It also specifies safety and grid standards.
Statement 3 – Incorrect:CEA does not determine electricity tariffs for inter-State transmission. This is a regulatory function of the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC). CEA primarily performs technical, planning and advisory functions.
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Answer: (B)
The Falkland Islands, also known as the Malvinas Islands, are an archipelago located in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the southern tip of South America.
The islands are administered by the United Kingdom as a self-governing British Overseas Territory.
Argentina claims sovereignty over the islands and refers to them as Islas Malvinas.
This has resulted in a long-standing sovereignty dispute between Argentina and the United Kingdom.
The dispute led to the Falklands War in 1982, when Argentina occupied the islands, but the UK subsequently regained control.
The two principal islands are East Falkland and West Falkland, and Stanley is the capital.
Therefore option B is the correct answer.
The Falkland Islands, also known as the Malvinas Islands, are an archipelago located in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the southern tip of South America.
The islands are administered by the United Kingdom as a self-governing British Overseas Territory.
Argentina claims sovereignty over the islands and refers to them as Islas Malvinas.
This has resulted in a long-standing sovereignty dispute between Argentina and the United Kingdom.
The dispute led to the Falklands War in 1982, when Argentina occupied the islands, but the UK subsequently regained control.
The two principal islands are East Falkland and West Falkland, and Stanley is the capital.
Therefore option B is the correct answer.
Jan Samarth is a National Portal for Credit-Linked Government Schemes, providing a single digital platform to access and apply for eligible government credit schemes.
Important for UPSC:
Jan Samarth → Ministry of Finance → Credit-linked Government schemes → Single-window digital platform → Financial inclusion → Easier access to institutional credit.
Important for UPSC:
Jan Samarth → Ministry of Finance → Credit-linked Government schemes → Single-window digital platform → Financial inclusion → Easier access to institutional credit.
Consider the following statements :
Statement-I : APEDA functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
Statement-II : APEDA is mandated to function as the secretariat for the implementation of the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) for organic exports.
Statement-I : APEDA functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
Statement-II : APEDA is mandated to function as the secretariat for the implementation of the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) for organic exports.
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Answer: (D)
Statement-I is incorrect: The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) is a statutory body established under an Act of Parliament. It functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (specifically the Department of Commerce), not the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
Statement-II is correct: APEDA has been officially mandated by the government to act as the Secretariat for the implementation of the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP). In this role, it manages the accreditation of certification bodies and regulates organic standards for products meant for export.
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
Statement-I is incorrect: The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) is a statutory body established under an Act of Parliament. It functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (specifically the Department of Commerce), not the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
Statement-II is correct: APEDA has been officially mandated by the government to act as the Secretariat for the implementation of the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP). In this role, it manages the accreditation of certification bodies and regulates organic standards for products meant for export.
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
With reference to the Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM-JANMAN), consider the following statements:
1. It focuses specifically on the socio-economic welfare and saturation of basic facilities for Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
2. The targeted coverage includes 75 PVTG communities spread across 18 States and 1 Union Territory.
1. It focuses specifically on the socio-economic welfare and saturation of basic facilities for Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
2. The targeted coverage includes 75 PVTG communities spread across 18 States and 1 Union Territory.
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Answer: (C)
PM-JANMAN (Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan) was launched in 2023 to improve the socio-economic conditions of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). It adopts a saturation approach to provide basic facilities such as housing, drinking water, healthcare, education, electricity and connectivity to PVTG communities.
Statement 1 is correct: PM-JANMAN focuses on improving the socio-economic condition of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) by saturating PVTG households and habitations with basic facilities such as safe housing, clean drinking
water, sanitation, improved access to education, health, nutrition, road/telecom connectivity, and sustainable livelihood opportunities.
Statement 2 is correct: The scheme covers 75 PVTG communities residing across 18 States and 1 Union Territory (Andaman & Nicobar Islands).
Therefore, option C is the correct answer
PM-JANMAN (Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan) was launched in 2023 to improve the socio-economic conditions of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). It adopts a saturation approach to provide basic facilities such as housing, drinking water, healthcare, education, electricity and connectivity to PVTG communities.
Statement 1 is correct: PM-JANMAN focuses on improving the socio-economic condition of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) by saturating PVTG households and habitations with basic facilities such as safe housing, clean drinking
water, sanitation, improved access to education, health, nutrition, road/telecom connectivity, and sustainable livelihood opportunities.
Statement 2 is correct: The scheme covers 75 PVTG communities residing across 18 States and 1 Union Territory (Andaman & Nicobar Islands).
Therefore, option C is the correct answer
Consider the following statements regarding Agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI):
1. Agentic AI pursues goals through multi-step planning, decision-making and action, unlike conventional AI, which responds to individual inputs or predefined tasks.
2. Agentic AI can interact with external tools, applications or databases to perform tasks based on the objective given to it.
3. Agentic AI systems always operate without any human intervention or oversight once a goal is assigned.
4. Agentic AI can adapt its actions based on feedback and the outcomes of previous actions.
1. Agentic AI pursues goals through multi-step planning, decision-making and action, unlike conventional AI, which responds to individual inputs or predefined tasks.
2. Agentic AI can interact with external tools, applications or databases to perform tasks based on the objective given to it.
3. Agentic AI systems always operate without any human intervention or oversight once a goal is assigned.
4. Agentic AI can adapt its actions based on feedback and the outcomes of previous actions.
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Answer: (C)
Agentic AI is designed to pursue goals through multi-step planning, decision-making and action, unlike conventional AI, which typically responds to individual inputs or predefined tasks. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
Agentic AI can interact with external tools, applications, APIs or databases to perform actions required to achieve a given objective. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
Agentic AI does not always operate without human intervention or oversight. Human approval, monitoring or intervention can be incorporated, particularly for sensitive or high-risk tasks. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
Agentic AI can adapt its actions based on feedback and the outcomes of previous actions, allowing it to modify its approach while pursuing a goal. Hence, statement 4 is correct.
Therefore, statements 1, 2 and 4 only are correct.
Hence, option (2) is the correct answer.
Agentic AI is designed to pursue goals through multi-step planning, decision-making and action, unlike conventional AI, which typically responds to individual inputs or predefined tasks. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
Agentic AI can interact with external tools, applications, APIs or databases to perform actions required to achieve a given objective. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
Agentic AI does not always operate without human intervention or oversight. Human approval, monitoring or intervention can be incorporated, particularly for sensitive or high-risk tasks. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
Agentic AI can adapt its actions based on feedback and the outcomes of previous actions, allowing it to modify its approach while pursuing a goal. Hence, statement 4 is correct.
Therefore, statements 1, 2 and 4 only are correct.
Hence, option (2) is the correct answer.