Answer: (C)
Statement 1 is correct: The Integrated Fertilizer Management System (iFMS), developed by the Department of Fertilizers, provides end-to-end digital tracking across the entire supply chain. It tracks production plants, imports at ports, movement by rail/road, stock availability at wholesalers/retailers, and final retail sales.

Statement 2 is correct: Under the Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) system in fertilizers, the subsidy is released directly to fertilizer manufacturing companies/importers only after actual retail sales to farmers are completed and captured through Point of Sale (PoS) devices installed at retail outlets.

Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

Born during the Indian national movement, he participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement, served in the Congress, and was elected to the United Provinces Legislative Assembly. He was imprisoned during the Quit India Movement. After independence, he served as a minister in Uttar Pradesh and later as Union Railway and Transport Minister, resigning after the Mahbubnagar railway accident. He subsequently held the portfolios of Industry and Home Affairs before becoming India’s second Prime Minister. His tenure witnessed the 1965 India–Pakistan War, the beginning of the Green Revolution, and the slogan “Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan.”

Answer: (B)
Lal Bahadur Shastri was born on 2 October 1904 in Mughalsarai, Uttar Pradesh, in a modest family. After studying at Kashi Vidyapeeth, he joined the Servants of the People Society, founded by Lala Lajpat Rai. He actively participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930) and Quit India Movement (1942), facing imprisonment several times. In 1937, he was elected to the United Provinces Legislative Assembly.

After Independence, Shastri served as a Minister in the Uttar Pradesh government and later held important Union portfolios. He was Railway and Transport Minister (1952–56), Minister of Commerce and Industry (1957–61) and Home Minister (1961–63). He resigned as Railway Minister following the 1956 Mahbubnagar railway accident, accepting moral responsibility.

Shastri became India’s second Prime Minister in 1964, succeeding Jawaharlal Nehru, and served until 11 January 1966. His tenure was marked by the 1965 India–Pakistan War and efforts to strengthen agricultural production, contributing to the foundations of the Green Revolution. His famous slogan “Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan” highlighted the importance of soldiers and farmers in national security and food security.

Consider the following statements regarding the Right to Speedy Trial:
1. It is a fundamental right under Article 21, though not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.
2. It applies only to preventive detention prisoners.
3. Unjustified delays or prolonged detention can violate the Right to Speedy Trial.

Answer: (C)
Although the Right to Speedy Trial is not explicitly mentioned as a standalone phrase in the text of the Constitution, the Supreme Court of India in landmark judgments (such as Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar) held that it is an implicit and integral part of the Right to Life and Personal Liberty under Article 21. Hence Statement 1 is correct.

The Right to Speedy Trial applies universally to all criminal prosecutions and under-trial prisoners awaiting investigation, inquiry, or trial, not just to those held under preventive detention. Prolonged incarceration without trial violates the fundamental rights of any accused person. Hence Statement 2 is incorrect.

Unjustified delays by the investigating agencies, prosecution, or the judiciary, as well as prolonged pre-trial detention exceeding a reasonable period, constitute a direct violation of the Right to Speedy Trial under Article 21. Hence Statement 3 is correct.

Therefore option C is the correct answer.

Consider the following statements about Barrier Lakes:
1. They form when mass movements block a river channel.
2. They are generally temporary due to the instability of the natural barrier.
3. Gohna Tal in Uttarakhand formed when a landslide blocked the Birahi Ganga.

Answer: (D)
A barrier lake or landslide dam lake forms when landslides, rock avalanches, debris flows or glacial collapse block a river channel.
Slope failure: Earthquakes, cloudbursts, intense monsoons or glacial events trigger the movement of rock, soil, ice and debris.
Natural dam formation: The debris falls into a narrow river valley and blocks the watercourse, creating an unstable natural dam.
Water impoundment: River water gets trapped behind the debris, causing upstream flooding and formation of a temporary lake.
Gohna Tal, Uttarakhand — formed when a landslide blocked the Birahi Ganga, a tributary of the Alaknanda River.

Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

Identify the river of the Indian sub-continent on the basis of the following information:
1. It is a transboundary river system originating in the Himalayas.
2. It is formed by the confluence of several major Himalayan tributaries, including Arun, Sun Koshi and Tamor.
3. It enters India through Bihar and joins the Ganga.
4. It carries a high sediment load, contributing to frequent channel shifting and flooding.

Answer: (D)
Koshi
Confluence: Known as Saptakoshi in Nepal, the river system is formed by seven major upper Himalayan tributaries, most notably the Arun, Sun Koshi, and Tamor.
Course & Entry: It flows south out of eastern Nepal, enters the Indian state of Bihar at the Supaul district, and eventually discharges into the Ganga near Kursela in Katihar district.
Sediment Load & Flooding: Due to severe erosion in its steep mountain catchment, the Koshi carries an exceptionally high silt load. This deposition leads to frequent channel shifting and severe flooding, earning it the title "Sorrow of Bihar."

Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

Consider the following statements with reference to the PARIVARTAN Scheme:
I. The PARIVARTAN Scheme seeks to reduce transport-related air pollution in the Delhi-NCR region through accelerated replacement of old commercial vehicles.
II. The PARIVARTAN Scheme combines financial support with vehicle replacement to accelerate the transition towards cleaner commercial transport in Delhi-NCR.
III. The scheme covers eligible trucks and buses registered in Delhi as well as specified NCR districts of Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.
Which of the following relationships among the above statements is/are correct?
1. Statement II explains the approach through which the objective stated in Statement I is pursued.
2. Statement III specifies the geographical scope of the intervention described in Statement I.
3. Statement II contradicts Statement I by focusing on financial support rather than pollution reduction.