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Answer: (D)
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, established under the UN Charter. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
Each member of the Security Council has one vote. For procedural matters, an affirmative vote of at least nine members is required. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
For substantive matters, a negative vote by any of the five permanent members (P5) - China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States, can prevent adoption of a resolution, even if it receives the required affirmative votes from other members. This is the veto power. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.
Therefore, all three statements are correct. Hence, option D is the correct answer.
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, established under the UN Charter. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
Each member of the Security Council has one vote. For procedural matters, an affirmative vote of at least nine members is required. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
For substantive matters, a negative vote by any of the five permanent members (P5) - China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States, can prevent adoption of a resolution, even if it receives the required affirmative votes from other members. This is the veto power. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.
Therefore, all three statements are correct. Hence, option D is the correct answer.
With reference to the Integrated Fertilizer Management System (iFMS), consider the following statements:
1. It provides end-to-end visibility of fertilizer movement from production plants and ports to retail outlets.
2. Fertilizer subsidy under the Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) model is released to manufacturers based on actual retail sales recorded through Point of Sale (PoS) devices.
1. It provides end-to-end visibility of fertilizer movement from production plants and ports to retail outlets.
2. Fertilizer subsidy under the Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) model is released to manufacturers based on actual retail sales recorded through Point of Sale (PoS) devices.
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Answer: (C)
Statement 1 is correct: The Integrated Fertilizer Management System (iFMS), developed by the Department of Fertilizers, provides end-to-end digital tracking across the entire supply chain. It tracks production plants, imports at ports, movement by rail/road, stock availability at wholesalers/retailers, and final retail sales.
Statement 2 is correct: Under the Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) system in fertilizers, the subsidy is released directly to fertilizer manufacturing companies/importers only after actual retail sales to farmers are completed and captured through Point of Sale (PoS) devices installed at retail outlets.
Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is correct: The Integrated Fertilizer Management System (iFMS), developed by the Department of Fertilizers, provides end-to-end digital tracking across the entire supply chain. It tracks production plants, imports at ports, movement by rail/road, stock availability at wholesalers/retailers, and final retail sales.
Statement 2 is correct: Under the Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) system in fertilizers, the subsidy is released directly to fertilizer manufacturing companies/importers only after actual retail sales to farmers are completed and captured through Point of Sale (PoS) devices installed at retail outlets.
Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
Born during the Indian national movement, he participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement, served in the Congress, and was elected to the United Provinces Legislative Assembly. He was imprisoned during the Quit India Movement. After independence, he served as a minister in Uttar Pradesh and later as Union Railway and Transport Minister, resigning after the Mahbubnagar railway accident. He subsequently held the portfolios of Industry and Home Affairs before becoming India’s second Prime Minister. His tenure witnessed the 1965 India–Pakistan War, the beginning of the Green Revolution, and the slogan “Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan.”
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Answer: (B)
Lal Bahadur Shastri was born on 2 October 1904 in Mughalsarai, Uttar Pradesh, in a modest family. After studying at Kashi Vidyapeeth, he joined the Servants of the People Society, founded by Lala Lajpat Rai. He actively participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930) and Quit India Movement (1942), facing imprisonment several times. In 1937, he was elected to the United Provinces Legislative Assembly.
After Independence, Shastri served as a Minister in the Uttar Pradesh government and later held important Union portfolios. He was Railway and Transport Minister (1952–56), Minister of Commerce and Industry (1957–61) and Home Minister (1961–63). He resigned as Railway Minister following the 1956 Mahbubnagar railway accident, accepting moral responsibility.
Shastri became India’s second Prime Minister in 1964, succeeding Jawaharlal Nehru, and served until 11 January 1966. His tenure was marked by the 1965 India–Pakistan War and efforts to strengthen agricultural production, contributing to the foundations of the Green Revolution. His famous slogan “Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan” highlighted the importance of soldiers and farmers in national security and food security.
Lal Bahadur Shastri was born on 2 October 1904 in Mughalsarai, Uttar Pradesh, in a modest family. After studying at Kashi Vidyapeeth, he joined the Servants of the People Society, founded by Lala Lajpat Rai. He actively participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930) and Quit India Movement (1942), facing imprisonment several times. In 1937, he was elected to the United Provinces Legislative Assembly.
After Independence, Shastri served as a Minister in the Uttar Pradesh government and later held important Union portfolios. He was Railway and Transport Minister (1952–56), Minister of Commerce and Industry (1957–61) and Home Minister (1961–63). He resigned as Railway Minister following the 1956 Mahbubnagar railway accident, accepting moral responsibility.
Shastri became India’s second Prime Minister in 1964, succeeding Jawaharlal Nehru, and served until 11 January 1966. His tenure was marked by the 1965 India–Pakistan War and efforts to strengthen agricultural production, contributing to the foundations of the Green Revolution. His famous slogan “Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan” highlighted the importance of soldiers and farmers in national security and food security.
Consider the following statements regarding the Right to Speedy Trial:
1. It is a fundamental right under Article 21, though not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.
2. It applies only to preventive detention prisoners.
3. Unjustified delays or prolonged detention can violate the Right to Speedy Trial.
1. It is a fundamental right under Article 21, though not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.
2. It applies only to preventive detention prisoners.
3. Unjustified delays or prolonged detention can violate the Right to Speedy Trial.
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Answer: (C)
Although the Right to Speedy Trial is not explicitly mentioned as a standalone phrase in the text of the Constitution, the Supreme Court of India in landmark judgments (such as Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar) held that it is an implicit and integral part of the Right to Life and Personal Liberty under Article 21. Hence Statement 1 is correct.
The Right to Speedy Trial applies universally to all criminal prosecutions and under-trial prisoners awaiting investigation, inquiry, or trial, not just to those held under preventive detention. Prolonged incarceration without trial violates the fundamental rights of any accused person. Hence Statement 2 is incorrect.
Unjustified delays by the investigating agencies, prosecution, or the judiciary, as well as prolonged pre-trial detention exceeding a reasonable period, constitute a direct violation of the Right to Speedy Trial under Article 21. Hence Statement 3 is correct.
Therefore option C is the correct answer.
Although the Right to Speedy Trial is not explicitly mentioned as a standalone phrase in the text of the Constitution, the Supreme Court of India in landmark judgments (such as Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar) held that it is an implicit and integral part of the Right to Life and Personal Liberty under Article 21. Hence Statement 1 is correct.
The Right to Speedy Trial applies universally to all criminal prosecutions and under-trial prisoners awaiting investigation, inquiry, or trial, not just to those held under preventive detention. Prolonged incarceration without trial violates the fundamental rights of any accused person. Hence Statement 2 is incorrect.
Unjustified delays by the investigating agencies, prosecution, or the judiciary, as well as prolonged pre-trial detention exceeding a reasonable period, constitute a direct violation of the Right to Speedy Trial under Article 21. Hence Statement 3 is correct.
Therefore option C is the correct answer.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Uzbekistan on the invitation of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev. This was PM Modi’s fourth visit to Uzbekistan.
PM Modi was conferred Uzbekistan's “Oliy Darajali Do’stlik” (Order of Highest Friendship), the country's highest honour for foreign leaders.
UPSC Focus: India–Central Asia Relations | Uzbekistan | SCO | Nuclear Energy | Uranium | Counter-terrorism | UNSC Reform | Defence Cooperation | Connectivity.
PM Modi was conferred Uzbekistan's “Oliy Darajali Do’stlik” (Order of Highest Friendship), the country's highest honour for foreign leaders.
UPSC Focus: India–Central Asia Relations | Uzbekistan | SCO | Nuclear Energy | Uranium | Counter-terrorism | UNSC Reform | Defence Cooperation | Connectivity.
Consider the following statements about Barrier Lakes:
1. They form when mass movements block a river channel.
2. They are generally temporary due to the instability of the natural barrier.
3. Gohna Tal in Uttarakhand formed when a landslide blocked the Birahi Ganga.
1. They form when mass movements block a river channel.
2. They are generally temporary due to the instability of the natural barrier.
3. Gohna Tal in Uttarakhand formed when a landslide blocked the Birahi Ganga.
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Answer: (D)
A barrier lake or landslide dam lake forms when landslides, rock avalanches, debris flows or glacial collapse block a river channel.
Slope failure: Earthquakes, cloudbursts, intense monsoons or glacial events trigger the movement of rock, soil, ice and debris.
Natural dam formation: The debris falls into a narrow river valley and blocks the watercourse, creating an unstable natural dam.
Water impoundment: River water gets trapped behind the debris, causing upstream flooding and formation of a temporary lake.
Gohna Tal, Uttarakhand — formed when a landslide blocked the Birahi Ganga, a tributary of the Alaknanda River.
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
A barrier lake or landslide dam lake forms when landslides, rock avalanches, debris flows or glacial collapse block a river channel.
Slope failure: Earthquakes, cloudbursts, intense monsoons or glacial events trigger the movement of rock, soil, ice and debris.
Natural dam formation: The debris falls into a narrow river valley and blocks the watercourse, creating an unstable natural dam.
Water impoundment: River water gets trapped behind the debris, causing upstream flooding and formation of a temporary lake.
Gohna Tal, Uttarakhand — formed when a landslide blocked the Birahi Ganga, a tributary of the Alaknanda River.
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
Identify the river of the Indian sub-continent on the basis of the following information:
1. It is a transboundary river system originating in the Himalayas.
2. It is formed by the confluence of several major Himalayan tributaries, including Arun, Sun Koshi and Tamor.
3. It enters India through Bihar and joins the Ganga.
4. It carries a high sediment load, contributing to frequent channel shifting and flooding.
1. It is a transboundary river system originating in the Himalayas.
2. It is formed by the confluence of several major Himalayan tributaries, including Arun, Sun Koshi and Tamor.
3. It enters India through Bihar and joins the Ganga.
4. It carries a high sediment load, contributing to frequent channel shifting and flooding.