Answer: (C)
INS Mangrol is the third indigenous Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW-SWC) built by Cochin Shipyard Limited for the Indian Navy. It features over 80% indigenous content anCd is specialized for hunting submarines in coastal, shallow waters.
Key Features and Capabilities
● Primary Mission: Detect, track, and destroy enemy submarines in littoral and shallow zones.
● Secondary Roles: Underwater surveillance, low-intensity maritime operations (LIMO), search and rescue, and mine-laying.
● Propulsion: Waterjet propulsion systems designed for high maneuverability.
● Armament & Sensors: State-of-the-art shallow-water sonars, advanced radars, lightweight torpedoes, and indigenous anti-submarine rocket.
INS Mangrol is the third indigenous Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW-SWC) built by Cochin Shipyard Limited for the Indian Navy. It features over 80% indigenous content anCd is specialized for hunting submarines in coastal, shallow waters.
Key Features and Capabilities
● Primary Mission: Detect, track, and destroy enemy submarines in littoral and shallow zones.
● Secondary Roles: Underwater surveillance, low-intensity maritime operations (LIMO), search and rescue, and mine-laying.
● Propulsion: Waterjet propulsion systems designed for high maneuverability.
● Armament & Sensors: State-of-the-art shallow-water sonars, advanced radars, lightweight torpedoes, and indigenous anti-submarine rocket.
Consider the following statements with reference to Adjournment and Prorogation of Parliament:
1. Adjournment is ordered by the Presiding Officer of the House and suspends its sitting for a specified period.
2. Prorogation is formally done by the President under Article 85(2), on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers.
3. Both prorogation and adjournment bring the current session of Parliament to an end without dissolving the House.
1. Adjournment is ordered by the Presiding Officer of the House and suspends its sitting for a specified period.
2. Prorogation is formally done by the President under Article 85(2), on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers.
3. Both prorogation and adjournment bring the current session of Parliament to an end without dissolving the House.
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Answer: (B)
Adjournment is the suspension of the sitting of a House for a specified period. It is ordered by the Presiding Officer of the respective House—the Speaker in the Lok Sabha and the Chairman in the Rajya Sabha. It does not bring the session to an end. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
Under Article 85(2), th’e President has the constitutional power to prorogue the Houses of Parliament. In practice, the President acts on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers. Prorogation formally brings a session of Parliament to an end. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
Prorogation brings the current session to an end without dissolving the House. However, adjournment merely suspends a sitting and does not terminate the session. Therefore, both cannot be said to bring the current session to an end. Hence, Statement 3 is incorrect.
Therefore, Statements 1 and 2 are correct.
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
Adjournment is the suspension of the sitting of a House for a specified period. It is ordered by the Presiding Officer of the respective House—the Speaker in the Lok Sabha and the Chairman in the Rajya Sabha. It does not bring the session to an end. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
Under Article 85(2), th’e President has the constitutional power to prorogue the Houses of Parliament. In practice, the President acts on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers. Prorogation formally brings a session of Parliament to an end. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
Prorogation brings the current session to an end without dissolving the House. However, adjournment merely suspends a sitting and does not terminate the session. Therefore, both cannot be said to bring the current session to an end. Hence, Statement 3 is incorrect.
Therefore, Statements 1 and 2 are correct.
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
Consider the following description:
1. This is a biennial multinational air combat exercise hosted by the Royal Australian Air Force.
2. It is conducted over the vast and sparsely populated areas of northern Australia.
3. The exercise emphasises night operations, interoperability and combat readiness.
1. This is a biennial multinational air combat exercise hosted by the Royal Australian Air Force.
2. It is conducted over the vast and sparsely populated areas of northern Australia.
3. The exercise emphasises night operations, interoperability and combat readiness.
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Answer: (B)
● Exercise Pitch Black is a biennial multinational air combat exercise hosted by the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF).
● It is conducted over the vast and sparsely populated areas of northern Australia, providing realistic conditions for large-scale air operations.
● The exercise focuses on air combat training, night operations, interoperability and combat readiness of participating air forces.
Why are the other options incorrect?
● Exercise Udara Shakti: A bilateral air exercise between India and Malaysia, aimed at enhancing air-combat cooperation and interoperability.
● Exercise Kakadu: An Australian-hosted multinational maritime exercise, primarily involving naval forces.
● Exercise Garuda: A bilateral air exercise between India and France, rather than a multinational exercise hosted by Australia.
● Exercise Pitch Black is a biennial multinational air combat exercise hosted by the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF).
● It is conducted over the vast and sparsely populated areas of northern Australia, providing realistic conditions for large-scale air operations.
● The exercise focuses on air combat training, night operations, interoperability and combat readiness of participating air forces.
Why are the other options incorrect?
● Exercise Udara Shakti: A bilateral air exercise between India and Malaysia, aimed at enhancing air-combat cooperation and interoperability.
● Exercise Kakadu: An Australian-hosted multinational maritime exercise, primarily involving naval forces.
● Exercise Garuda: A bilateral air exercise between India and France, rather than a multinational exercise hosted by Australia.
Consider the following statements regarding the International Film Festival of India (IFFI):
1. It was established in 1952 and is regarded as Asia's oldest international film festival.
2. It is organized annually by the National Film Development Corporation of India.
3. The Golden Peacock Award is the festival's highest honour, presented to the Best Film.
1. It was established in 1952 and is regarded as Asia's oldest international film festival.
2. It is organized annually by the National Film Development Corporation of India.
3. The Golden Peacock Award is the festival's highest honour, presented to the Best Film.
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Answer: (D)
The International Film Festival of India (IFFI) was established in 1952 under the patronage of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and is historically recognized as Asia's oldest international film festival. Hence Statement 1 is correct.
The festival is organized annually as a joint venture by the National Film Development Corporation (NFDC) (under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India) alongside the Entertainment Society of Goa (ESG) and the Indian film industry. Hence Statement 2 is correct.
The Golden Peacock Award is indeed the highest competitive honor at IFFI, presented annually to the Best Film, with the cash prize shared equally between the director and the producer. Hence Statement 3 is correct.
Therefore , option D is the correct answer.
The International Film Festival of India (IFFI) was established in 1952 under the patronage of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and is historically recognized as Asia's oldest international film festival. Hence Statement 1 is correct.
The festival is organized annually as a joint venture by the National Film Development Corporation (NFDC) (under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India) alongside the Entertainment Society of Goa (ESG) and the Indian film industry. Hence Statement 2 is correct.
The Golden Peacock Award is indeed the highest competitive honor at IFFI, presented annually to the Best Film, with the cash prize shared equally between the director and the producer. Hence Statement 3 is correct.
Therefore , option D is the correct answer.
The Ken–Betwa Link Project (KBLP) is India's first river-interlinking project under the National Perspective Plan (NPP) to enter the implementation stage. It aims to transfer water from the Ken River basin to the Betwa River basin to address water scarcity in Bundelkhand.
Important for UPSC: River Interlinking, National Perspective Plan, Bundelkhand, Water Security, Environmental Impact, Federalism, Panna Tiger Reserve, and Sustainable Development.
Important for UPSC: River Interlinking, National Perspective Plan, Bundelkhand, Water Security, Environmental Impact, Federalism, Panna Tiger Reserve, and Sustainable Development.
Identify the river of the Indian sub-continent on the basis of the following information:
1. It originates in the Brahmagiri Hills of Karnataka.
2. It flows mainly through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
3. It forms a delta before entering the Bay of Bengal.
4. Its basin extends into parts of Kerala and Puducherry.
5. Its important tributaries include Kabini, Bhavani, Amaravati and Hemavati.
1. It originates in the Brahmagiri Hills of Karnataka.
2. It flows mainly through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
3. It forms a delta before entering the Bay of Bengal.
4. Its basin extends into parts of Kerala and Puducherry.
5. Its important tributaries include Kabini, Bhavani, Amaravati and Hemavati.
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Answer: (B)
Origin: The Cauvery River originates from the Brahmagiri Hills in the Coorg (Kodagu) district of Karnataka in the Western Ghats.
Course & Basin: It flows southeastward through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu before emptying into the Bay of Bengal, forming a fertile delta known as the "Granary of South India." Its drainage basin also extends into parts of Kerala and the Union Territory of Puducherry (Karaikal region).
Tributaries: Its major tributaries include the Kabini, Bhavani, Amaravati, and Hemavati (along with others like the Harangi, Arkavathy, and Noyyal), which conclusively point to the Cauvery.
Uses of cauvery river:
○ Agriculture: Primary source for extensive paddy and sugarcane irrigation via major dams like Krishnarajasagara (KRS) and Mettur.
○ Hydroelectric Power: Generates clean energy through stations such as Shivanasamudra.
○ Drinking Water: Supplies municipal water to major urban centers like Bengaluru, Mysuru, and Tiruchirappalli.
○ Industry & Ecology: Supports local manufacturing industries and sustains regional riverine ecosystems and mangrove wetlands.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
Origin: The Cauvery River originates from the Brahmagiri Hills in the Coorg (Kodagu) district of Karnataka in the Western Ghats.
Course & Basin: It flows southeastward through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu before emptying into the Bay of Bengal, forming a fertile delta known as the "Granary of South India." Its drainage basin also extends into parts of Kerala and the Union Territory of Puducherry (Karaikal region).
Tributaries: Its major tributaries include the Kabini, Bhavani, Amaravati, and Hemavati (along with others like the Harangi, Arkavathy, and Noyyal), which conclusively point to the Cauvery.
Uses of cauvery river:
○ Agriculture: Primary source for extensive paddy and sugarcane irrigation via major dams like Krishnarajasagara (KRS) and Mettur.
○ Hydroelectric Power: Generates clean energy through stations such as Shivanasamudra.
○ Drinking Water: Supplies municipal water to major urban centers like Bengaluru, Mysuru, and Tiruchirappalli.
○ Industry & Ecology: Supports local manufacturing industries and sustains regional riverine ecosystems and mangrove wetlands.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
Consider the following statements with reference to the Petroleum and Natural Gas
Regulatory Board (PNGRB):
1. PNGRB is an executive body functioning under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
2. The Board functions with the powers of a Civil Court and is empowered to receive complaints and conduct inquiries.
3. It aims to regulate petroleum and natural gas activities, including crude oil production.
Regulatory Board (PNGRB):
1. PNGRB is an executive body functioning under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
2. The Board functions with the powers of a Civil Court and is empowered to receive complaints and conduct inquiries.
3. It aims to regulate petroleum and natural gas activities, including crude oil production.
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Answer: (A)
Statement 1 – Incorrect: PNGRB is a statutory regulatory body constituted under the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board Act, 2006, and not an executive body functioning under the Ministry.
Statement 2 – Correct: PNGRB has certain powers of a Civil Court and can receive complaints and conduct inquiries/investigations regarding contraventions of specified obligations and provisions relating to petroleum, petroleum products and natural gas.
These functions also support the protection of consumer interests.
Statement 3 – Incorrect: PNGRB regulates the midstream and downstream activities of the petroleum and natural gas sector. Upstream activities, such as the exploration and production of crude oil and natural gas, remain under the direct control of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. Hence, including crude oil production makes the statement incorrect.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
Statement 1 – Incorrect: PNGRB is a statutory regulatory body constituted under the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board Act, 2006, and not an executive body functioning under the Ministry.
Statement 2 – Correct: PNGRB has certain powers of a Civil Court and can receive complaints and conduct inquiries/investigations regarding contraventions of specified obligations and provisions relating to petroleum, petroleum products and natural gas.
These functions also support the protection of consumer interests.
Statement 3 – Incorrect: PNGRB regulates the midstream and downstream activities of the petroleum and natural gas sector. Upstream activities, such as the exploration and production of crude oil and natural gas, remain under the direct control of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. Hence, including crude oil production makes the statement incorrect.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.