Answer: (C)
Statement 1 is correct: The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the average change over time in the selling prices received by domestic producers for their output. It tracks these price changes at the point of first commercial transaction—which corresponds to the wholesale, factory-gate, or farm-gate level before any retail distribution or consumer taxes are added.

Statement 2 is correct: Because the PPI measures price changes at the producer level (the starting point of the supply chain), it captures price changes before they reach the retail consumer. Because of this, PPI is widely considered an "early warning system" or a leading indicator of future consumer inflation (CPI).

Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

Consider the following statements regarding the National Commission for Minorities
(NCM):
1. It is a statutory body established under the National Commission for Minorities Act,
1992.
2. As per the 2011 Census, the six notified religious minority communities together
constitute about one-fifth of India's population.
3. At least half of the members of the National Commission for Minorities must belong
to the notified minority communities.

Answer: (B)
● Statement 1 is Correct: The National Commission for Minorities (NCM) is a statutory body established under the National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992 to safeguard the rights and interests of the notified minority communities.
● Statement 2 is Correct: According to the 2011 Census, the six notified religious minority communities—Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains and Parsis (Zoroastrians)—together constitute about 19.3% of India's population, which is approximately one-fifth of the total population.
● Statement 3 is Incorrect: The provision to Section 3(2) of the National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992 specifically provides that "five Members including the Chairperson shall be from amongst the minority communities." The statement incorrectly dilutes this statutory requirement by stating that "at least half" of the members must belong to minority communities. Since the Commission has seven members, "at least half" would imply four or more members, whereas the Act mandates a minimum of five. Therefore, the statement is not legally accurate.

Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Which of the following statements with regard to the MH-60R Seahawk helicopter is/are
correct?
1. The helicopter can operate from destroyers, frigates and aircraft carriers equipped with
helicopter operating facilities.
2. It enhances the Indian Navy's anti-submarine capability through sensors such as
airborne dipping sonar and expendable sonobuoys.
3. Its induction is intended to replace the operational role of the P-8I long-range maritime
reconnaissance aircraft.

Answer: (A)
● Statement 1 is correct: The MH-60R Seahawk is a ship-borne multi-role
helicopter capable of operating from destroyers, frigates and aircraft carriers
equipped with helicopter facilities, thereby extending the operational reach of the
Indian Navy.
● Statement 2 is correct: It enhances the Navy's Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW)
capability through Airborne Dipping Sonar and Sonobuoys for submarine
detection, and can engage them using Mk-54 lightweight torpedoes
● Statement 3 is incorrect: The MH-60R is a tactical maritime helicopter that
complements, but does not replace, the P-8I Poseidon, which is a long-range
maritime reconnaissance and patrol aircraft with greater range and endurance.
Therefore, only Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Hence, option (a) is the correct
answer.

Consider the following statements about Manasbal Lake:
1. It is a freshwater lake known for extensive growth of lotus plants.
2. It supports rich aquatic biodiversity and is an important habitat for resident and
migratory birds.
3. It is located in the cold desert region of Ladakh.

Answer: (A)
● Manasbal Lake is a freshwater lake located in the Ganderbal district of the Kashmir Valley, Jammu and Kashmir. It is renowned for its extensive growth of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), which forms an important component of the lake's ecosystem and adds to its ecological and scenic value. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
● The lake supports rich aquatic biodiversity, including a variety of fish species, aquatic vegetation and invertebrates. It also serves as an important habitat and feeding ground for several resident and migratory waterbirds, contributing significantly to the wetland ecology of the Kashmir Valley. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
● The cold desert region of Ladakh is characterised by high-altitude arid conditions and a distinct ecosystem. Mansbal Lake is not located in Ladakh; rather, it lies in the temperate Kashmir Valley of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Hence, Statement 3 is incorrect.
● Therefore, only Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

With reference to the National Committee on Dam Safety (NCDS), consider the following
statements:
1. It is a statutory body aimed to evolve uniform policies and standards for dam safety in
India.
2. It is headed by the Chairman of the Central Water Commission (CWC).

Answer: (C)
● Statement 1 is correct: The National Committee on Dam Safety (NCDS) is a statutory body constituted under the Dam Safety Act, 2021. Its primary functions include formulating policies and regulations regarding dam safety standards, evolving uniform safety practices, and preventing dam failures across the country.
● Statement 2 is correct: As per the provisions of the Dam Safety Act, the NCDS is chaired by the Chairperson of the Central Water Commission (CWC) ex-officio. The committee also includes representatives from the central government, state governments (by rotation), and dam safety experts.

Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

Consider the following statements regarding the SMILE Scheme:
1. It is a Central Sector Scheme under the Ministry of Social Justice and
Empowerment.
2. It provides rehabilitation and livelihood support to transgender persons and persons
engaged in begging.