With reference to the Index of Industrial Production, consider the following statements:
1. It is published monthly by the National Statistical Office.
2. The manufacturing sector has the highest weightage in the index.
3. Among the Eight Core Industries, refinery products carry the highest weight.
1. It is published monthly by the National Statistical Office.
2. The manufacturing sector has the highest weightage in the index.
3. Among the Eight Core Industries, refinery products carry the highest weight.
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Answer: (D)
The IIP is a composite indicator that measures the growth rate of industry groups. It is compiled and published monthly by the National Statistical Office (NSO), which falls under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI). The index is
typically released with a six-week lag. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
The IIP classifies industrial production into three broad sectors. The Manufacturing sector is by far the most dominant, accounting for the vast majority of the index's total weight. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
The Eight Core Industries comprise nearly 40.27% of the weight of items included in the IIP. Within these eight specific industries, Refinery Products hold the highest weightage.
Ranking of Core Industries by Weight:
● Refinery Products (28.04%)
● Electricity (19.85%)
● Steel (17.92%)
● Coal (10.33%)
● Crude Oil (8.98%)
● Natural Gas (6.88%)
● Cement (5.37%)
● Fertilizers (2.63%)
Hence, statement 3 is correct.
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
The IIP is a composite indicator that measures the growth rate of industry groups. It is compiled and published monthly by the National Statistical Office (NSO), which falls under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI). The index is
typically released with a six-week lag. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
The IIP classifies industrial production into three broad sectors. The Manufacturing sector is by far the most dominant, accounting for the vast majority of the index's total weight. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
The Eight Core Industries comprise nearly 40.27% of the weight of items included in the IIP. Within these eight specific industries, Refinery Products hold the highest weightage.
Ranking of Core Industries by Weight:
● Refinery Products (28.04%)
● Electricity (19.85%)
● Steel (17.92%)
● Coal (10.33%)
● Crude Oil (8.98%)
● Natural Gas (6.88%)
● Cement (5.37%)
● Fertilizers (2.63%)
Hence, statement 3 is correct.
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
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Answer: (B)
The region is defined by the high-altitude salt flats (salars) located at the intersections of three South American nations:
● Bolivia: Home to the Salar de Uyuni, which is the world's largest salt flat.
● Argentina: Home to the Salar del Hombre Muerto.
● Chile: Home to the Salar de Atacama, which currently has the most efficient extraction operations.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
The region is defined by the high-altitude salt flats (salars) located at the intersections of three South American nations:
● Bolivia: Home to the Salar de Uyuni, which is the world's largest salt flat.
● Argentina: Home to the Salar del Hombre Muerto.
● Chile: Home to the Salar de Atacama, which currently has the most efficient extraction operations.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
Consider the following statements about CAR-T Cell Therapy:
Assertion (A): CAR-T cell therapy involves modifying a patient’s T-cells to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Reason (R): The modified T-cells are engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that specifically bind to antigens on tumor cells.
Assertion (A): CAR-T cell therapy involves modifying a patient’s T-cells to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Reason (R): The modified T-cells are engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that specifically bind to antigens on tumor cells.
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Answer: (A)
Assertion (A) is true: CAR-T (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell) therapy is a form of immunotherapy that uses a patient's own immune system to fight cancer. The process involve extracting T-cells from the patient's blood, "reprogramming" them in a lab, and then infusing them back into the patient.
Reason (R) is true: The modification mentioned in the assertion is achieved through genetic engineering. Scientists insert a gene into the T-cells that codes for a specific synthetic receptor called a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR).
Relationship: Reason (R) explains how the modification allows the cells to attack cancer. These CARs act like "navigational sensors" or "keys" that allow the T-cells to identify and latch onto specific "locks" (antigens) on the surface of tumor cells, which the immune system might have otherwise ignored.
Therefore , option A is the correct answer.
Assertion (A) is true: CAR-T (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell) therapy is a form of immunotherapy that uses a patient's own immune system to fight cancer. The process involve extracting T-cells from the patient's blood, "reprogramming" them in a lab, and then infusing them back into the patient.
Reason (R) is true: The modification mentioned in the assertion is achieved through genetic engineering. Scientists insert a gene into the T-cells that codes for a specific synthetic receptor called a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR).
Relationship: Reason (R) explains how the modification allows the cells to attack cancer. These CARs act like "navigational sensors" or "keys" that allow the T-cells to identify and latch onto specific "locks" (antigens) on the surface of tumor cells, which the immune system might have otherwise ignored.
Therefore , option A is the correct answer.
Consider the following:
1. Chile
2. Peru
3. Bolivia
4. Argentina
5. Brazil
6. Ecuador
1. Chile
2. Peru
3. Bolivia
4. Argentina
5. Brazil
6. Ecuador
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Answer: (B)
The Atacama Desert is primarily located in northern Chile, but its arid landscape and high-altitude plateaus (the Puna de Atacama) extend into three neighboring countries.
Chile: The core of the desert, covering its northern provinces.
Peru: Extends along the southern coast (contiguous with the Chilean section).
Bolivia: Encompasses the high-altitude arid fringes and salt flats in the southwest.
Argentina: Includes the high plateau known as the Puna de Atacama in the northwest.
Brazil (dominated by rainforests/savannas) and Ecuador (tropical/equatorial climate) do not have any part of the Atacama.
Therefore , option B is the correct answer.
The Atacama Desert is primarily located in northern Chile, but its arid landscape and high-altitude plateaus (the Puna de Atacama) extend into three neighboring countries.
Chile: The core of the desert, covering its northern provinces.
Peru: Extends along the southern coast (contiguous with the Chilean section).
Bolivia: Encompasses the high-altitude arid fringes and salt flats in the southwest.
Argentina: Includes the high plateau known as the Puna de Atacama in the northwest.
Brazil (dominated by rainforests/savannas) and Ecuador (tropical/equatorial climate) do not have any part of the Atacama.
Therefore , option B is the correct answer.
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If you’re in 12th, just passed out, or in your first year of college — this is where your IAS journey actually begins, not after graduation. The degree you choose now can either make your preparation easier… or unnecessarily harder.
Learn real preparation strategies, exam clarity, and an honest look at the life of a civil servant.
📅 Date: May 2nd, 2026
🕥 Time: 04:00 AM
📍 Venue: Officers IAS Academy, Chennai
We also invite parents to be a part of this session and understand the roadmap and commitment required for UPSC success. Don’t miss this chance to receive valuable guidance from one of the best mentors in the field!
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Consider the following statements:
1. Saudi Arabia is one of the five founding members of OPEC
2. The primary goal of OPEC is to stabilize oil prices in the global market.
3. The OPEC Reference Basket (ORB) is a pricing benchmark that calculates the
weighted average of various petroleum blends exclusively from OPEC member
countries.
1. Saudi Arabia is one of the five founding members of OPEC
2. The primary goal of OPEC is to stabilize oil prices in the global market.
3. The OPEC Reference Basket (ORB) is a pricing benchmark that calculates the
weighted average of various petroleum blends exclusively from OPEC member
countries.
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Answer: (C)
OPEC was established during the Baghdad Conference in September 1960. The five "Founding Members" who signed the original agreement are Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
According to the OPEC Statute, the organization's principal aim is the coordination and unification of the petroleum policies of its Member Countries. The goal is to determine the best means for safeguarding their interests, individually and collectively, while ensuring the stabilization of prices in international oil markets to eliminate harmful and unnecessary fluctuations. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
The OPEC Reference Basket (ORB) is a crucial tool used by the organization to monitor global oil market conditions. It is a weighted average of the prices of petroleum blends produced by the Member Countries. It acts as a benchmark to help OPEC evaluate whether they need to adjust production levels to maintain market stability. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
OPEC was established during the Baghdad Conference in September 1960. The five "Founding Members" who signed the original agreement are Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
According to the OPEC Statute, the organization's principal aim is the coordination and unification of the petroleum policies of its Member Countries. The goal is to determine the best means for safeguarding their interests, individually and collectively, while ensuring the stabilization of prices in international oil markets to eliminate harmful and unnecessary fluctuations. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
The OPEC Reference Basket (ORB) is a crucial tool used by the organization to monitor global oil market conditions. It is a weighted average of the prices of petroleum blends produced by the Member Countries. It acts as a benchmark to help OPEC evaluate whether they need to adjust production levels to maintain market stability. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
Consider the following statements:
1. The SCO is a military alliance with a mutual defence obligation among member
countries.
2. India was officially admitted as a full member of the SCO at the Astana Summit.
1. The SCO is a military alliance with a mutual defence obligation among member
countries.
2. India was officially admitted as a full member of the SCO at the Astana Summit.
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Answer: (B)
The SCO is not a military alliance. It is a regional intergovernmental organization.Unlike a mutual defense bloc (like NATO), the SCO has no "attack on one is an attack on all" clause. Its primary security focus is the "Three Evils": Terrorism, Separatism, and Extremism, handled through the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) mechanism. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
India and Pakistan were officially elevated from observers to full members during the Astana Summit in Kazakhstan in June 2017.Hence statement 2 is correct.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
The SCO is not a military alliance. It is a regional intergovernmental organization.Unlike a mutual defense bloc (like NATO), the SCO has no "attack on one is an attack on all" clause. Its primary security focus is the "Three Evils": Terrorism, Separatism, and Extremism, handled through the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) mechanism. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
India and Pakistan were officially elevated from observers to full members during the Astana Summit in Kazakhstan in June 2017.Hence statement 2 is correct.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
Consider the following statements regarding the United Nations Human Rights Council
(UNHRC) and its mechanisms
1. All Member States of the United Nations (UN) automatically become members of the UNHRC.
2. The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) is a unique mechanism that reviews the all UN Member States once every five years.
3. Decisions and resolutions passed by the UNHRC are legally binding on the member states.
(UNHRC) and its mechanisms
1. All Member States of the United Nations (UN) automatically become members of the UNHRC.
2. The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) is a unique mechanism that reviews the all UN Member States once every five years.
3. Decisions and resolutions passed by the UNHRC are legally binding on the member states.
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Answer: (C)
The National Statistical Office (NSO) was established in May 2019 through the merger of two premier statistical wings: the Central Statistics Office (CSO) and the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO). Functioning as the executive arm of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), the NSO serves as the nodal agency for the planned development of India’s statistical system. It is responsible for the compilation and release of critical macroeconomic indicators, including the Index of Industrial Production (IIP), which measures short-term changes in the volume of industrial products, and the Consumer Price Index (CPI), which tracks retail inflation across rural and urban sectors. Hence,Statement 1 is Correct
NSO has recently undergone a significant Base Year Revision to better reflect the evolving structure of the Indian economy. As of February 2026, the base year for GDP and IIP has been transitioned to 2022-23, while the CPI base year has been revised to 2024. This update incorporates the latest data from the Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) 2023-24 and utilizes advanced methodologies like double deflation for the manufacturing sector to ensure greater accuracy and international comparability. Hence,Statement 2 is Correct.
Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
The National Statistical Office (NSO) was established in May 2019 through the merger of two premier statistical wings: the Central Statistics Office (CSO) and the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO). Functioning as the executive arm of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), the NSO serves as the nodal agency for the planned development of India’s statistical system. It is responsible for the compilation and release of critical macroeconomic indicators, including the Index of Industrial Production (IIP), which measures short-term changes in the volume of industrial products, and the Consumer Price Index (CPI), which tracks retail inflation across rural and urban sectors. Hence,Statement 1 is Correct
NSO has recently undergone a significant Base Year Revision to better reflect the evolving structure of the Indian economy. As of February 2026, the base year for GDP and IIP has been transitioned to 2022-23, while the CPI base year has been revised to 2024. This update incorporates the latest data from the Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) 2023-24 and utilizes advanced methodologies like double deflation for the manufacturing sector to ensure greater accuracy and international comparability. Hence,Statement 2 is Correct.
Therefore, option C is the correct answer.