5) Answer: (C)
Guru Tegh Bahadur
●
Guru Tegh Bahadur, the 9th Sikh Guru, founded the town of Anandpur Sahib in
1665. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
●
The town was established near the foothills of the Shivaliks and became an
important religious and political centre of the Sikh community.
●
Anandpur Sahib later emerged as a major base for Sikh activities and played a
crucial role in the consolidation of Sikh identity.
●
It was at this very place that his son, Guru Gobind Singh, later initiated the Khalsa in
1699, making Anandpur Sahib one of the holiest Sikh sites.
Guru Gobind Singh
●
Guru Gobind Singh, the 10th Sikh Guru, founded the Khalsa on the occasion of
Vaisakhi in 1699 at Anandpur Sahib. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
●
The objective was to transform the Sikh community into a disciplined, egalitarian,
and militarily prepared group capable of resisting oppression.
●
During the ceremony, Guru Gobind Singh initiated the Panj Pyare (Five Beloved
Ones) and introduced the Five Ks (Panj Kakar)—Kesh, Kangha, Kara, Kirpan, and
Kachera—which became the symbols of Khalsa identity.
●
The formation of the Khalsa was a major institutional transformation in Sikhism,
strengthening unity, equality, and collective responsibility among Sikhs.
●
Therefore, option C is the correct answer

1) Which one of the following is the correct sequence of the given functionaries in descending
order as per the Table of Precedence issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs?
(a) President - Prime Minister - Chief Justice of India - Attorney General of India
(b) Attorney General of India - Chief Justice of India - Prime Minister - President
(c) Chief Justice of India - Attorney General of India - President - Prime Minister
(d) Attorney General of India - Prime Minister - Chief Justice of India - President

1) Answer: (A)
●
The Table of Precedence of India is a list that ranks important constitutional and
governmental functionaries according to their ceremonial status. It is used during official
events, state ceremonies, and protocol arrangements, such as seating, order of
introduction, and formal invitations. However, it does not affect the functioning of the
government, parliamentary procedures, or the constitutional order of succession. The Table
of Precedence is issued through the President’s Secretariat and maintained by the
Ministry of Home Affairs.
●
According to the Table of Precedence, the relevant ranks are:
Rank 1: President of India
Rank 3: Prime Minister of India
Rank 6: Chief Justice of India
Rank 11: Attorney General for India
●
Therefore option A is the correct answer.

2) Consider the following countries:
1. Syria
2. Israel
3. Jordan
4. Turkey

Answer: (B)
Lebanon is a small country in the Middle East, primarily located west of Syria and north of
Israel. While Jordan and Turkey are situated within the same region, they do not share a direct land
border with Lebanon. Furthermore, the country's entire western boundary is defined by the

3) Regarding the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM), consider the following statements
1. The mission's objective is to provide 55 liters of water per person per day to every rural
household through a functional tap connection. .
2. The operation and maintenance (O&M) costs of the water supply within a village are to be
managed by the local community or Gram Panchayat.
3. Every village has a Village Water & Sanitation Committee (VWSC) or Pani Samiti, where at
least 50% of members must be women.
4. Through this scheme , the government ensures 100% tap water coverage in schools and
Anganwadi centres across the country.

3) Answer: (D)
The Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM), launched in August 2019 under the Ministry of Jal Shakti, is a
flagship programme aimed at providing Functional Household Tap Connections (FHTC) to
every rural household with 55 litres per capita per day (lpcpd) of potable water meeting
BIS:10500 standards; therefore the mission’s objective to supply 55 litres of water per person
per day through a functional tap connection. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
The programme follows a decentralized and community-driven model with a four-tier
administrative structure (National, State–SWSM, District–DWSM and Village–VWSC)
where the Gram Panchayat or local community owns the project and manages daily operation
and maintenance (O&M), often collecting user charges, Hence , Statement 2 is correct.
To ensure participatory governance and empower primary water users, each village forms a
Village Water & Sanitation Committee (VWSC) or Pani Samiti, where at least 50% of
members must be women, ensuring gender-inclusive decision-making; Hence, Statement 3 is
correct.
Additionally, schools and Anganwadi centres were targeted under a special 100-day campaign
to achieve 100% tap water coverage early, particularly to prevent water-borne diseases among
children, Hence , Statement 4 is correct.
With a total outlay of ₹3.60 lakh crore, the scheme follows a differentiated funding pattern
(90:10 for Himalayan and North-Eastern states, 50:50 for other states and 100% central
funding for Union Territories) and is implemented through Village Action Plans (V APs) as
blueprints for local water security. Since its launch, coverage has expanded from 17% (3.23
crore households) to over 75% by early 2026, with states such as Goa, Gujarat and Haryana
achieving “Har Ghar Jal” certification. Technologically, the mission incorporates IoT-based
sensors for real-time monitoring of water pressure and quality, uses the WQMIS portal for
NABL-accredited lab results, and empowers communities with Field Test Kits (FTKs) for
regular water testing. It also prioritizes source sustainability through rainwater harvesting and
greywater management (3Rs) and focuses on arsenic- and fluoride-affected habitations as
well as JE-AES districts, ensuring that no one is left behind in improving public health and
ease of living. Hence all the above options are correct.

4) Consider the following statements:
1. The asteroid belt is located between the inner planets and outer planets .
2. Trojan asteroids share the same orbital path as planets and are located at stable gravitational
points known as Lagrange Points.

4) Answer: (C)
The Asteroid Belt is a torus-shaped region located roughly between the orbits of the planets Mars
(the last of the inner, terrestrial planets) and Jupiter (the first of the outer gas giants). It serves as a
transition zone between the rocky inner solar system and the gaseous outer solar system. Hence,
statement 1 is correct.
Not all asteroids stay within the main belt. A specific group known as Trojan asteroids share an orbit
with a larger planet. They do not collide with the planet because they are trapped in stable
gravitational pockets called Lagrange Points (specifically L4and L5), which are located 60degree
ahead of and behind the planet in its orbit. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
●
●
Jupiter Trojans: The most famous and numerous group.
Other Planets: Mars, Neptune, and even Earth have been found to have Trojan asteroids

5) Consider the followings statements:
1. 2. Liquified Petroleum Gas mainly consists of propane and butane and is lighter than air.
Liquified Natural Gas is primarily composed of methane and must be stored at extremely High
temperatures

5) Answer: (C)
●
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) mainly consists of propane (C₃H₈) and butane (C₄H₁₀). It is heavier
than air, so in case of leakage it tends to settle in low-lying areas. LPG is naturally odorless, but an
additive called ethyl mercaptan is mixed with it to help detect leaks through its strong smell. In
India, LPG is the primary cooking fuel, especially promoted under the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala
Yojana (PMUY). It is considered a clean-burning fuel, producing fewer particulate emissions
compared to traditional fuels like coal or firewood. When used as a transport fuel, it is known as
Auto-LPG, serving as an alternative to petrol or diesel. LPG is stored under relatively low pressure
(around 20 bar) compared to CNG and can be easily transported in portable cylinders, making it
suitable for remote areas. It also has a high calorific value of about 90–95 MJ/m³ and remains in liquid
form at room temperature when kept under pressure. Hence statement 1 is Incorrect.
●
●
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is primarily composed of methane (about 85%–99%). It is a
cryogenic fuel that must be stored at extremely low temperatures of around −162°C to remain in
liquid form. LNG is lighter than air, so in the event of a leak it tends to dissipate upward into the
atmosphere. When natural gas is liquefied, its volume reduces by about 600 times, making it suitable
for long-distance international transport through specialized LNG tankers. LNG is widely used in
fertilizer plants, petrochemical industries, and power generation. It is non-toxic and
non-corrosive, although its extremely low temperature can cause frostbite on contact. Before it can
be used, LNG must undergo regasification at dedicated regasification terminals. Its transportation
and storage require specialized cryogenic ships and large coastal infrastructure, such as terminals
at Dahej and Kochi in India. LNG is stored in double-walled, vacuum-insulated tanks and is
considered the cleanest fossil fuel, as it emits significantly less CO₂ compared to coal or oil.Hence
statement 2 is Incorrect.
Therefore C, is the correct answer

1) Consider the following statements:
1. Brent crude is a low density and low sulfur content oil that is primarily extracted
from the North Sea.
2. Most of the world’s oil is priced based on Brent crude, making it the most used
global benchmark.

1) Answer: (C)
The term “Brent” refers to the Brent oil field, which was discovered in the 1970s and
became a significant source of oil production. It is a light, sweet crude oil extracted from
different oil fields in the North Sea. Its unique properties, low density and low sulphur
content, make Brent crude oil simpler to process into products such as gasoline. Hence,
statement 1 is correct.
As its supply is water-borne, Brent crude oil is easy to transport to distant locations. About
two-thirds of all internationally traded crude oil supplies are priced relative to Brent, making
it the most widely used marker of all. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

2) Consider the following statements regarding Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR) in India:
1. The Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Limited (ISPRL) is a Special Purpose
Vehicle under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
2. All existing operational SPR facilities in India are located on the Western Coast of the
country.

2) Answer: (A)
Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPRs) are government-controlled emergency stockpiles of
crude oil (and sometimes refined products) designed to protect against major supply
disruptions, such as wars, embargoes, natural disasters, or geopolitical crises. They help
stabilize energy markets, ensure national security, and mitigate economic shocks from sudden
oil shortages or price spikes. These reserves are typically stored in secure underground
facilities (like salt caverns) and are part of international commitments, especially among
International Energy Agency (IEA) members, which require holding the equivalent of at
least 90 days of net oil imports.
The Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Limited (ISPRL) is indeed a Special Purpose
Vehicle (SPV) created specifically to manage the country's oil reserves. It functions as a
wholly-owned subsidiary of the Oil Industry Development Board (OIDB) under the
administrative control of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. Hence, statement 1
is correct.
India’s Phase I SPR facilities are located on both coasts, not just the western coast. While
Mangaluru and Padur are in Karnataka (Western Coast), the Visakhapatnam facility is
located in Andhra Pradesh on the Eastern Coast. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer