How to Become an IAS, IPS Officer?
Attend an inspiring seminar by Mr. R.A. Israel Jebasingh, Ex-IAS (All India Rank 59) and discover how to prepare effectively for the Civil Services Examination with proven strategies, learn about the exam structure, understand the nuances and get a glimpse into the life and responsibilities of a civil servant.
📅 Date: January 31, 2026
🕥 Time: 10:30 AM
📍 Venue: Officers IAS Academy, Chennai
We also invite parents to be a part of this session and understand the roadmap and commitment required for UPSC success. Don’t miss this chance to receive valuable guidance from one of the best mentors in the field!
To register : https://forms.gle/a3A782EMJn9iu8786
For any queries, reach us at +91 9363730226.
Attend an inspiring seminar by Mr. R.A. Israel Jebasingh, Ex-IAS (All India Rank 59) and discover how to prepare effectively for the Civil Services Examination with proven strategies, learn about the exam structure, understand the nuances and get a glimpse into the life and responsibilities of a civil servant.
📅 Date: January 31, 2026
🕥 Time: 10:30 AM
📍 Venue: Officers IAS Academy, Chennai
We also invite parents to be a part of this session and understand the roadmap and commitment required for UPSC success. Don’t miss this chance to receive valuable guidance from one of the best mentors in the field!
To register : https://forms.gle/a3A782EMJn9iu8786
For any queries, reach us at +91 9363730226.
How to Become an IAS, IPS Officer?
Attend an inspiring seminar by Mr. R.A. Israel Jebasingh, Ex-IAS (All India Rank 59) and discover how to prepare effectively for the Civil Services Examination with proven strategies, learn about the exam structure, understand the nuances and get a glimpse into the life and responsibilities of a civil servant.
📅 Date: February 7, 2026
🕥 Time: 10:30 AM
📍 Venue: Coimbatore (Exact location will be intimated 2 days before the seminar).
We also invite parents to be a part of this session and understand the roadmap and commitment required for UPSC success. Don’t miss this chance to receive valuable guidance from one of the best mentors in the field!
To register : https://forms.gle/mHvij9xqMN2afGNk9
For any queries, reach us at +91 9363730226.
Attend an inspiring seminar by Mr. R.A. Israel Jebasingh, Ex-IAS (All India Rank 59) and discover how to prepare effectively for the Civil Services Examination with proven strategies, learn about the exam structure, understand the nuances and get a glimpse into the life and responsibilities of a civil servant.
📅 Date: February 7, 2026
🕥 Time: 10:30 AM
📍 Venue: Coimbatore (Exact location will be intimated 2 days before the seminar).
We also invite parents to be a part of this session and understand the roadmap and commitment required for UPSC success. Don’t miss this chance to receive valuable guidance from one of the best mentors in the field!
To register : https://forms.gle/mHvij9xqMN2afGNk9
For any queries, reach us at +91 9363730226.
How to Become an IAS, IPS, IFS Officer?
Attend an inspiring seminar by Mr. Sylendra Babu IPS, Rtd-DGP, TN and discover how to prepare effectively for the Civil Services Examination with proven strategies, learn about the exam structure, understand the nuances and get a glimpse into the life and responsibilities of a civil servant.
📅 Date: February 7, 2026
🕥 Time: 11:00 AM
📍 Venue: Officers IAS Academy, Chennai
We also invite parents to be a part of this session and understand the roadmap and commitment required for UPSC success. Don’t miss this chance to receive valuable guidance from one of the best mentors in the field!
To register : https://forms.gle/JKQxooNNS4CBNWf28
For any queries, reach us at +91 9363730226.
Attend an inspiring seminar by Mr. Sylendra Babu IPS, Rtd-DGP, TN and discover how to prepare effectively for the Civil Services Examination with proven strategies, learn about the exam structure, understand the nuances and get a glimpse into the life and responsibilities of a civil servant.
📅 Date: February 7, 2026
🕥 Time: 11:00 AM
📍 Venue: Officers IAS Academy, Chennai
We also invite parents to be a part of this session and understand the roadmap and commitment required for UPSC success. Don’t miss this chance to receive valuable guidance from one of the best mentors in the field!
To register : https://forms.gle/JKQxooNNS4CBNWf28
For any queries, reach us at +91 9363730226.
Consider the following statements
1. Tax revenues and borrowings constitute the largest share of the Union Government’s
receipts.
2. Transfers to States and interest payments account for a major portion of the Union
Government’s revenue expenditure.
1. Tax revenues and borrowings constitute the largest share of the Union Government’s
receipts.
2. Transfers to States and interest payments account for a major portion of the Union
Government’s revenue expenditure.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
14%
1 only
13%
2 only
70%
Both 1 and 2
3%
Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (C)
• The Union Government’s main sources of income are:
total receipts. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
• On the expenditure side, two major components are:
recommended by the Finance Commission.
government expenditure, even before spending on defence, subsidies,
infrastructure, and welfare schemes. Hence, Statement 2 is correct
• The Union Government’s main sources of income are:
o Tax revenue: Income tax, corporate tax, GST, excise duty, customs duty.o Borrowings: Market loans and other liabilities to meet expenditure gaps.o Among these, tax revenue and borrowings together form the largest share oftotal receipts. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
• On the expenditure side, two major components are:
o Transfer to states: This includes states’ share in central taxes and grants, asrecommended by the Finance Commission.
o Interest payments: Payment of interest on past borrowings of the government.o These two heads together account for a substantial portion of totalgovernment expenditure, even before spending on defence, subsidies,
infrastructure, and welfare schemes. Hence, Statement 2 is correct
Consider the following :
I. India’s first Budget was presented in 1860 during British colonial rule by James
Wilson.
II. In the first Budget of independent India, Finance Minister John Mathai announced
the establishment of the Planning Commission.
III. The 1991 Union Budget initiated economic reforms based on Liberalisation,
Privatisation and Globalisation during the Eighth Five Year Plan.
IV. The Railway Budget was introduced as a separate budget in 1924 and was merged
with the Union Budget in 2017.
I. India’s first Budget was presented in 1860 during British colonial rule by James
Wilson.
II. In the first Budget of independent India, Finance Minister John Mathai announced
the establishment of the Planning Commission.
III. The 1991 Union Budget initiated economic reforms based on Liberalisation,
Privatisation and Globalisation during the Eighth Five Year Plan.
IV. The Railway Budget was introduced as a separate budget in 1924 and was merged
with the Union Budget in 2017.
How many of the above statements are correct ?
Anonymous Poll
7%
Only one
21%
Only two
36%
Only three
36%
All of four
Answer: (D)
• India’s first Budget was presented in 1860 during British colonial rule by James
Wilson, who was the first Finance Member of the Viceroy’s Executive Council.
• In the first Budget of independent India (1950–51), Finance Minister John Mathai
announced the establishment of the Planning Commission, which later guided India’s
planned economic development.Hence Statement II is Correct.
• The 1991 Union Budget, presented by Dr. Manmohan Singh, initiated Liberalisation,
Privatisation and Globalisation (LPG) reforms during the Eighth Five Year Plan
(1992–97) to address the balance of payments crisis.Hence Statement III is Correct.
• The Railway Budget was separated from the General Budget in 1924 following the
Acworth Committee recommendations and was merged with the Union Budget in
2017 to improve fiscal efficiency.Hence Statement IV is Correct
• India’s first Budget was presented in 1860 during British colonial rule by James
Wilson, who was the first Finance Member of the Viceroy’s Executive Council.
• In the first Budget of independent India (1950–51), Finance Minister John Mathai
announced the establishment of the Planning Commission, which later guided India’s
planned economic development.Hence Statement II is Correct.
• The 1991 Union Budget, presented by Dr. Manmohan Singh, initiated Liberalisation,
Privatisation and Globalisation (LPG) reforms during the Eighth Five Year Plan
(1992–97) to address the balance of payments crisis.Hence Statement III is Correct.
• The Railway Budget was separated from the General Budget in 1924 following the
Acworth Committee recommendations and was merged with the Union Budget in
2017 to improve fiscal efficiency.Hence Statement IV is Correct
Consider the following statements regarding the 16th Finance Commission:
1. The vertical devolution share of States has been retained at 41% of the divisible pool of
central taxes.
2. It has recommended a new criterion “Contribution to GDP” for horizontal devolution
among States.
3. The criterion of population used for horizontal devolution by the 16th Finance
Commission is based on the 1971 Census.
1. The vertical devolution share of States has been retained at 41% of the divisible pool of
central taxes.
2. It has recommended a new criterion “Contribution to GDP” for horizontal devolution
among States.
3. The criterion of population used for horizontal devolution by the 16th Finance
Commission is based on the 1971 Census.
Which of the statements given above is/are correc
Anonymous Quiz
50%
1 and 2 only
15%
2 and 3 only
14%
1 and 3 only
21%
1,2 and 3
Answer: (A)
Vertical devolution refers to the sharing of central taxes between the Centre and the
States.
• The 16th Finance Commission (FC) has retained the States’ share at 41%, the same
level recommended by the 15th Finance Commission.
• This means 41% of the divisible pool of central taxes (like income tax, GST, excise,
etc.) will be transferred to States, while 59% remains with the Centre.OFFICERS IAS ACADEMY
IAS ACADEMY RUN BY FORMER CIVIL SERVANTS
• Retaining 41% reflects a balance between States’ demand for higher resources
(many demanded ~50%) and the Centre’s increased expenditure responsibilities,
including national security, infrastructure, and servicing debt.
• This continuity supports predictability and stability in fiscal federalism.
• Hence, statement 1 is correct.
Horizontal devolution deals with how the States’ share (41%) is distributed among
individual States.
The 16th Finance Commission has introduced a new criterion: “Contribution to GDP” in
the horizontal devolution formula.
Purpose of this criterion:
• To recognise and reward States that contribute more to the national economy.
• To address concerns of economically advanced States that earlier formulas focused
heavily on redistribution and equity alone.
• To incentivise economic growth, productivity, and fiscal discipline.
This marks a shift towards a balance between equity (supporting poorer States) and
efficiency/performance (rewarding growth-oriented States). Hence, statement 2 is
correct.
The population criterion under the 16th Finance Commission is based on the 2011
Census, not the 1971 Census.
Earlier Finance Commissions used 1971 Census data to avoid penalising States that
successfully controlled population growth.
However, recent Finance Commissions (including the 15th and 16th FCs) have shifted to the
2011 Census to reflect:
• Current demographic realities
• Actual expenditure needs related to health, education, housing, and infrastructure.
To address fairness concerns, the Commission also uses a separate criterion like demographic
performance to reward States that performed well in population control. Hence, statement 3
is incorrect.
Vertical devolution refers to the sharing of central taxes between the Centre and the
States.
• The 16th Finance Commission (FC) has retained the States’ share at 41%, the same
level recommended by the 15th Finance Commission.
• This means 41% of the divisible pool of central taxes (like income tax, GST, excise,
etc.) will be transferred to States, while 59% remains with the Centre.OFFICERS IAS ACADEMY
IAS ACADEMY RUN BY FORMER CIVIL SERVANTS
• Retaining 41% reflects a balance between States’ demand for higher resources
(many demanded ~50%) and the Centre’s increased expenditure responsibilities,
including national security, infrastructure, and servicing debt.
• This continuity supports predictability and stability in fiscal federalism.
• Hence, statement 1 is correct.
Horizontal devolution deals with how the States’ share (41%) is distributed among
individual States.
The 16th Finance Commission has introduced a new criterion: “Contribution to GDP” in
the horizontal devolution formula.
Purpose of this criterion:
• To recognise and reward States that contribute more to the national economy.
• To address concerns of economically advanced States that earlier formulas focused
heavily on redistribution and equity alone.
• To incentivise economic growth, productivity, and fiscal discipline.
This marks a shift towards a balance between equity (supporting poorer States) and
efficiency/performance (rewarding growth-oriented States). Hence, statement 2 is
correct.
The population criterion under the 16th Finance Commission is based on the 2011
Census, not the 1971 Census.
Earlier Finance Commissions used 1971 Census data to avoid penalising States that
successfully controlled population growth.
However, recent Finance Commissions (including the 15th and 16th FCs) have shifted to the
2011 Census to reflect:
• Current demographic realities
• Actual expenditure needs related to health, education, housing, and infrastructure.
To address fairness concerns, the Commission also uses a separate criterion like demographic
performance to reward States that performed well in population control. Hence, statement 3
is incorrect.
Consider the following statements regarding the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management
(FRBM) framework:
1. The FRBM Act, enacted in 2003, provides a statutory framework to ensure fiscal
discipline in India.
2. The 3 % of GSDP borrowing limit on States is enforced under Article 293 of the
Constitution.
3. In the 2026-27 Budget, the Centre aims to maintain a fiscal deficit of 4.3% of GDP and
a debt-to-GDP ratio of 55.6% under the FRBM Act.
(FRBM) framework:
1. The FRBM Act, enacted in 2003, provides a statutory framework to ensure fiscal
discipline in India.
2. The 3 % of GSDP borrowing limit on States is enforced under Article 293 of the
Constitution.
3. In the 2026-27 Budget, the Centre aims to maintain a fiscal deficit of 4.3% of GDP and
a debt-to-GDP ratio of 55.6% under the FRBM Act.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
14%
1 and 2 only
11%
2 and 3 only
33%
1 and 3 only
42%
1,2 and 3
Answer: (D)
Statement 1 is correct: The FRBM Bill was introduced in 2000 and later enacted as the
FRBM Act in 2003, providing a statutory framework to ensure fiscal discipline and
accountability in government finances.
Statement 2 is correct: Article 293 empowers the Centre to regulate State borrowings and
impose conditions when States have outstanding loans, which underpins the enforcement of
the 3 % of GSDP borrowing cap and curbing of off-budget borrowings.
Statement 3 is correct: For BE 2026-27, the Central Government has set a fiscal deficit target
of 4.3 % of GDP and aims to maintain the debt-to-GDP ratio at 55.6 %, while also reporting any
deviations from these targets to Parliament to ensure transparency.
Statement 1 is correct: The FRBM Bill was introduced in 2000 and later enacted as the
FRBM Act in 2003, providing a statutory framework to ensure fiscal discipline and
accountability in government finances.
Statement 2 is correct: Article 293 empowers the Centre to regulate State borrowings and
impose conditions when States have outstanding loans, which underpins the enforcement of
the 3 % of GSDP borrowing cap and curbing of off-budget borrowings.
Statement 3 is correct: For BE 2026-27, the Central Government has set a fiscal deficit target
of 4.3 % of GDP and aims to maintain the debt-to-GDP ratio at 55.6 %, while also reporting any
deviations from these targets to Parliament to ensure transparency.
Consider the following regarding the Union Budget 2026-2027.
1. Biopharma SHAKTI scheme
2. Dedicated Chemical Parks
3. National Fibre scheme
4. Mahatma Gandhi Gram Swaraj Initiative
1. Biopharma SHAKTI scheme
2. Dedicated Chemical Parks
3. National Fibre scheme
4. Mahatma Gandhi Gram Swaraj Initiative
Which of the following is introduced in the Union Budget 2026-2027?
Anonymous Quiz
10%
Only one
21%
Only two
25%
Only three
45%
All of the above
Biopharma SHAKTI (Strategy for Healthcare Advancement through Knowledge,
Technology and Innovation) scheme is a new flagship initiative announced in Budget
2026–27 with an outlay of ₹10,000 crore over five years. It aims to build a
comprehensive ecosystem for biopharmaceutical manufacturing — covering research,
production, clinical development, and regulatory support — with the goal of making
India a global biopharma hub.
• Dedicated Chemical Parks scheme was announced in the Union Budget 2026–27,
introducing direct budgetary support for the first time for dedicated chemical park
infrastructure. Under this initiative, the government will support states in establishingOFFICERS IAS ACADEMY
IAS ACADEMY RUN BY FORMER CIVIL SERVANTS
three dedicated chemical parks using a challenge-based, cluster-driven
plug-and-play model, aimed at fostering industrial clusters with ready infrastructure
and fast-track execution.
• National Fibre Scheme was first announced in the Union Budget 2026–27 as part of a
new integrated programme for the textile sector to promote self-reliance in natural
fibres (like silk, wool, jute) as well as man-made and new-age fibres. It was introduced
in February 2026 during the presentation of the Budget by the Finance Minister.
• Mahatma Gandhi Gram Swaraj Initiative was introduced in the Union Budget 2026–
27, and hence its starting year is 2026. It was announced by the Finance Minister
during the Budget speech on 1 February 2026 with the aim of strengthening khadi,
handloom and handicraft sectors and reinforcing village-level self-reliance as envisioned
in Gandhi’s Gram Swaraj philosophy.
Technology and Innovation) scheme is a new flagship initiative announced in Budget
2026–27 with an outlay of ₹10,000 crore over five years. It aims to build a
comprehensive ecosystem for biopharmaceutical manufacturing — covering research,
production, clinical development, and regulatory support — with the goal of making
India a global biopharma hub.
• Dedicated Chemical Parks scheme was announced in the Union Budget 2026–27,
introducing direct budgetary support for the first time for dedicated chemical park
infrastructure. Under this initiative, the government will support states in establishingOFFICERS IAS ACADEMY
IAS ACADEMY RUN BY FORMER CIVIL SERVANTS
three dedicated chemical parks using a challenge-based, cluster-driven
plug-and-play model, aimed at fostering industrial clusters with ready infrastructure
and fast-track execution.
• National Fibre Scheme was first announced in the Union Budget 2026–27 as part of a
new integrated programme for the textile sector to promote self-reliance in natural
fibres (like silk, wool, jute) as well as man-made and new-age fibres. It was introduced
in February 2026 during the presentation of the Budget by the Finance Minister.
• Mahatma Gandhi Gram Swaraj Initiative was introduced in the Union Budget 2026–
27, and hence its starting year is 2026. It was announced by the Finance Minister
during the Budget speech on 1 February 2026 with the aim of strengthening khadi,
handloom and handicraft sectors and reinforcing village-level self-reliance as envisioned
in Gandhi’s Gram Swaraj philosophy.
Consider the following statements regarding the Gyan Bharatam Mission:
1. It aims to preserve and digitise India’s ancient manuscripts and make them accessible
through a national digital repository.
2. It is implemented under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
1. It aims to preserve and digitise India’s ancient manuscripts and make them accessible
through a national digital repository.
2. It is implemented under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
62%
1 only
8%
2 only
24%
Both 1 and 2
7%
Neither 1 nor 2