Answer: C
Soln:
● The Akash air defence system is a medium-range, surface-to-air missile platform
designed to protect mobile, semi-mobile and static military installations from a range of
aerial threats. Hence, statements 1 and 2 are correct.
● It can be deployed at heights up to 4,500 metres and can take down targets at a
distance of around 25-30 k.m. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
● Akash Prime is an upgraded version of the Akash system, equipped with an indigenous
active Radio Frequency (RF) seeker for enhanced precision irrespective of weather and
terrain.
● The Indian Army has carried out successful trials of the indigenously developed Air Defence
System “Akash Prime” in Ladakh, in July 2025.
Soln:
● The Akash air defence system is a medium-range, surface-to-air missile platform
designed to protect mobile, semi-mobile and static military installations from a range of
aerial threats. Hence, statements 1 and 2 are correct.
● It can be deployed at heights up to 4,500 metres and can take down targets at a
distance of around 25-30 k.m. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
● Akash Prime is an upgraded version of the Akash system, equipped with an indigenous
active Radio Frequency (RF) seeker for enhanced precision irrespective of weather and
terrain.
● The Indian Army has carried out successful trials of the indigenously developed Air Defence
System “Akash Prime” in Ladakh, in July 2025.
2. Consider the following statements about Carbon Farming.
1. It is a set of agricultural methods that aim to store carbon in the soil, crop roots, wood and leaves.
2. The overall goal of carbon farming is to reduce carbon emissions.
3. Zero tillage, crop rotation, composting are techniques to practice carbon farming.
1. It is a set of agricultural methods that aim to store carbon in the soil, crop roots, wood and leaves.
2. The overall goal of carbon farming is to reduce carbon emissions.
3. Zero tillage, crop rotation, composting are techniques to practice carbon farming.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
2%
A. Only one
30%
B. Only two
68%
C. All three
0%
D. None
Answer: C
Soln:
● Carbon farming is a set of agricultural methods that aim to store carbon in the soil,
crop roots, wood and leaves. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
● The overall goal of carbon farming is to reduce carbon emissions from the atmosphere by
increasing the rate at which carbon is sequestered into soil and plant material. Hence,
statement 2 is correct.
○ Carbon sequestration refers to the long-term storage of carbon in plants, soils, etc.
Methods of Carbon Farming:
● Agroforestry practices, such as silvopasture, helps in sequestering carbon in trees and
shrubs.
● Conservation agriculture techniques such as zero tillage, crop rotation, composting,
can help minimise soil disturbance and enhance organic content. Hence, statement 3 is
correct.
● Integrated Nutrient Management practices promote soil fertility and reduce emissions by
using organic fertilisers and composting.
● Livestock management strategies including rotational grazing, optimising feed quality,
and managing animal waste can reduce methane emissions and increase the amount of carbon stored away in pasture lands.
Soln:
● Carbon farming is a set of agricultural methods that aim to store carbon in the soil,
crop roots, wood and leaves. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
● The overall goal of carbon farming is to reduce carbon emissions from the atmosphere by
increasing the rate at which carbon is sequestered into soil and plant material. Hence,
statement 2 is correct.
○ Carbon sequestration refers to the long-term storage of carbon in plants, soils, etc.
Methods of Carbon Farming:
● Agroforestry practices, such as silvopasture, helps in sequestering carbon in trees and
shrubs.
● Conservation agriculture techniques such as zero tillage, crop rotation, composting,
can help minimise soil disturbance and enhance organic content. Hence, statement 3 is
correct.
● Integrated Nutrient Management practices promote soil fertility and reduce emissions by
using organic fertilisers and composting.
● Livestock management strategies including rotational grazing, optimising feed quality,
and managing animal waste can reduce methane emissions and increase the amount of carbon stored away in pasture lands.
3. Consider the following statements about the United Nations Peacekeeping Forces.
1. The United Nations Peacekeeping Forces are employed by the UN to maintain or re- establish peace in an area of armed conflict.
2. The UN Peacekeeping Forces may only be employed when both parties to a conflict accept their presence.
1. The United Nations Peacekeeping Forces are employed by the UN to maintain or re- establish peace in an area of armed conflict.
2. The UN Peacekeeping Forces may only be employed when both parties to a conflict accept their presence.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?
Anonymous Quiz
15%
A. 1 only
11%
B. 2 only
44%
C. Both 1 and 2
31%
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: D
Soln:
UN Peacekeeping Forces:
● The United Nations Peacekeeping Forces are employed by the UN to maintain or re-
establish peace in an area of armed conflict. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
● The UN may engage in conflicts between states as well as in struggles within states. The UN
acts as an impartial third party in order to prepare the ground for a settlement of the
issues that have provoked armed conflict.
● The three basic principles that guide U.N.’s Peacekeeping missions are:
○ Consent of the parties
○ Impartiality
○ Non-use of force except in self-defence and defence of the mandate.
● The UN Peacekeeping Forces may only be employed when both parties to a conflict
accept their presence. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
● The Peacekeeping Forces are subordinate to the leadership of the United Nations. They are
normally deployed as a consequence of a UN Security Council decision. However, on
occasion, the initiative has been taken by the General Assembly. Operational control belongs
to the Secretary-General and his secretariat.
● The first UN peacekeeping mission was a team of observers deployed to the Middle East in
1948, during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
● The Indian Army commemorated the 76th International Day of UN Peacekeepers.
● India has a rich legacy of contribution to UN Peacekeepers operations and is one of the
largest contributors of troops.
● India has contributed services of approximately 2,87,000 troops to peacekeeping missions.
● The Indian Army has established a Centre for UN Peacekeeping (CUNPK) in New Delhi to impart niche training in peacekeeping operations. This Centre trains more than
12,000 troops every year.
Soln:
UN Peacekeeping Forces:
● The United Nations Peacekeeping Forces are employed by the UN to maintain or re-
establish peace in an area of armed conflict. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
● The UN may engage in conflicts between states as well as in struggles within states. The UN
acts as an impartial third party in order to prepare the ground for a settlement of the
issues that have provoked armed conflict.
● The three basic principles that guide U.N.’s Peacekeeping missions are:
○ Consent of the parties
○ Impartiality
○ Non-use of force except in self-defence and defence of the mandate.
● The UN Peacekeeping Forces may only be employed when both parties to a conflict
accept their presence. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
● The Peacekeeping Forces are subordinate to the leadership of the United Nations. They are
normally deployed as a consequence of a UN Security Council decision. However, on
occasion, the initiative has been taken by the General Assembly. Operational control belongs
to the Secretary-General and his secretariat.
● The first UN peacekeeping mission was a team of observers deployed to the Middle East in
1948, during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
● The Indian Army commemorated the 76th International Day of UN Peacekeepers.
● India has a rich legacy of contribution to UN Peacekeepers operations and is one of the
largest contributors of troops.
● India has contributed services of approximately 2,87,000 troops to peacekeeping missions.
● The Indian Army has established a Centre for UN Peacekeeping (CUNPK) in New Delhi to impart niche training in peacekeeping operations. This Centre trains more than
12,000 troops every year.
5. Consider the following statements about the EPIC number.
1. It is a 10-digit voter ID card number issued by the Election Commission of India to each voter.
2. It was introduced under the Registration of Electors Rules, 1960.
1. It is a 10-digit voter ID card number issued by the Election Commission of India to each voter.
2. It was introduced under the Registration of Electors Rules, 1960.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
17%
A. 1 only
11%
B. 2 only
67%
C. Both 1 and 2
4%
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: C
Soln:
EPIC number:
● The Electors Photo Identity Card (EPIC) number is a 10-digit voter ID card number
issued by the Election Commission of India to each voter. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
● The number is a unique alphanumeric code assigned to each registered elector to prevent impersonation.
● It was introduced in 1993 under the Registration of Electors Rules, 1960, to enhance electoral transparency. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
● It is assigned via the Election Commission’s ERONET digital platform when a new voter registers, after which it is linked to State and constituency data to ensure regional
uniqueness.
Soln:
EPIC number:
● The Electors Photo Identity Card (EPIC) number is a 10-digit voter ID card number
issued by the Election Commission of India to each voter. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
● The number is a unique alphanumeric code assigned to each registered elector to prevent impersonation.
● It was introduced in 1993 under the Registration of Electors Rules, 1960, to enhance electoral transparency. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
● It is assigned via the Election Commission’s ERONET digital platform when a new voter registers, after which it is linked to State and constituency data to ensure regional
uniqueness.
1. Consider the following statements about the Sahyog portal.
1. It was launched to facilitate the removal of any information, data or communication link in
cyberspace which is used for unlawful activities.
2. The portal is maintained by the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-IN).
3. It has the power to directly take down contents from digital platforms like social media
sites.
1. It was launched to facilitate the removal of any information, data or communication link in
cyberspace which is used for unlawful activities.
2. The portal is maintained by the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-IN).
3. It has the power to directly take down contents from digital platforms like social media
sites.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
20%
A. Only one
37%
B. Only two
40%
C. All three
4%
C. All three
Answer: A
Soln:
● The Sahyog portal was launched in 2024 by the Union Home Ministry to expedite orders to
block objectionable content.
● It is maintained by the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C). Hence, statement
2 is incorrect.
● Sahyog portal has been launched to expedite the process of sending notices to IT
intermediaries by the appropriate government or its agency under Clause (b) of Sub-
section (3) of Section 79 of the IT Act, 2000 to facilitate the removal or disabling of
access to any information, data or communication link being used to commit an unlawful
act. Sahyog cannot directly take down information but it can ask the data intermediaries like websites, social media sites to take down information. Hence, statement 1 is correct and statement 3 is incorrect.
Soln:
● The Sahyog portal was launched in 2024 by the Union Home Ministry to expedite orders to
block objectionable content.
● It is maintained by the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C). Hence, statement
2 is incorrect.
● Sahyog portal has been launched to expedite the process of sending notices to IT
intermediaries by the appropriate government or its agency under Clause (b) of Sub-
section (3) of Section 79 of the IT Act, 2000 to facilitate the removal or disabling of
access to any information, data or communication link being used to commit an unlawful
act. Sahyog cannot directly take down information but it can ask the data intermediaries like websites, social media sites to take down information. Hence, statement 1 is correct and statement 3 is incorrect.
2. Consider the following statements.
1. Sexual dimorphism refers to the presence of male and female reproductive parts in a single
organism.
2. An electroencephalography (EEG) is a test that measures electrical activity in the heart to detect any abnormality.
1. Sexual dimorphism refers to the presence of male and female reproductive parts in a single
organism.
2. An electroencephalography (EEG) is a test that measures electrical activity in the heart to detect any abnormality.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?
Anonymous Quiz
23%
A. 1 only
18%
B. 2 only
53%
C. Both 1 and 2
6%
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: C
Soln:
● Sexual dimorphism refers to the various prominent differences in the physical
characteristics of males and females of the same species apart from just their primary
reproductive characteristics. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
● These differences may include size, colour, shape, cognitive abilities, and various other
distinct characteristics.
● A hermaphrodite is an animal that has both male and female reproductive organs and
produces both eggs and sperm.
● An electroencephalography (EEG) is a test that measures electrical activity in the brain to
detect the presence of any abnormal brain conditions including seizures, brain death etc.,.
Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
● Electroencephalography has recently gained attention as it celebrates the 100th anniversary of the first human EEG, a groundbreaking development by German physiologist Hans Berger.
● ‘Electro-’ pertains to electricity; ‘-encephalo-’ refers to the brain; and ‘-graphy’ is a suffix meaning to show or to represent.
Soln:
● Sexual dimorphism refers to the various prominent differences in the physical
characteristics of males and females of the same species apart from just their primary
reproductive characteristics. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
● These differences may include size, colour, shape, cognitive abilities, and various other
distinct characteristics.
● A hermaphrodite is an animal that has both male and female reproductive organs and
produces both eggs and sperm.
● An electroencephalography (EEG) is a test that measures electrical activity in the brain to
detect the presence of any abnormal brain conditions including seizures, brain death etc.,.
Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
● Electroencephalography has recently gained attention as it celebrates the 100th anniversary of the first human EEG, a groundbreaking development by German physiologist Hans Berger.
● ‘Electro-’ pertains to electricity; ‘-encephalo-’ refers to the brain; and ‘-graphy’ is a suffix meaning to show or to represent.
3. Consider the following statements about ‘Invasive Species’.
1. These can be any kind of non native living organism which significantly disrupts the ecosystems it colonises.
2. All non native species are invasive in India.
3. Lantana camara and Parthenium hysterophorus are invasive species in India.
1. These can be any kind of non native living organism which significantly disrupts the ecosystems it colonises.
2. All non native species are invasive in India.
3. Lantana camara and Parthenium hysterophorus are invasive species in India.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
4%
A. Only one
77%
B. Only two
19%
C. All three
0%
D. None
Answer: B
Soln:
Invasive species:
● An invasive species can be any kind of living organism (an amphibian, plant, insect, fish,
fungus, bacteria, or even an organism’s seeds or eggs) that is not native to an ecosystem
and significantly modifies or disrupts the ecosystems it colonizes. Hence, statement 1 is
correct.
● Not all non-native species are invasive. For example, most of the food crops grown in
India, including onion, potato and tomatoes are not native to the region. Species are
described as 'invasive' if they are ecologically and/or economically harmful. Hence,
statement 2 is incorrect.
● Common characteristics of invasive species include:
○ Rapid reproduction and growth,
○ High dispersal ability,
○ Phenotypic plasticity (ability to adapt physiologically to new conditions), and
○ Ability to survive in a wide range of environmental conditions.
● Some of the most serious invasive species in India are Alternanthera philoxeroides,
Cassia uniflora, Chromolaena odorata, Eichhornia crassipes, Lantana camara,
Parthenium hysterophorus and Prosopis juliflora, Senna Sepctabilis, etc. Hence,
statement 3 is correct.
Why are invasive species a cause of concern?
● Invasive species often outcompete native species for essential resources such as food,
water, light, and space.
● Invasive species can alter habitats by modifying soil composition, disrupting hydrological cycles, leading to habitat degradation.
● Invasive species may introduce new diseases to which native species lack resistance leading to mortality of native species.
● Invasive species can reduce populations of native species and overtime also result in local
extinctions.
Soln:
Invasive species:
● An invasive species can be any kind of living organism (an amphibian, plant, insect, fish,
fungus, bacteria, or even an organism’s seeds or eggs) that is not native to an ecosystem
and significantly modifies or disrupts the ecosystems it colonizes. Hence, statement 1 is
correct.
● Not all non-native species are invasive. For example, most of the food crops grown in
India, including onion, potato and tomatoes are not native to the region. Species are
described as 'invasive' if they are ecologically and/or economically harmful. Hence,
statement 2 is incorrect.
● Common characteristics of invasive species include:
○ Rapid reproduction and growth,
○ High dispersal ability,
○ Phenotypic plasticity (ability to adapt physiologically to new conditions), and
○ Ability to survive in a wide range of environmental conditions.
● Some of the most serious invasive species in India are Alternanthera philoxeroides,
Cassia uniflora, Chromolaena odorata, Eichhornia crassipes, Lantana camara,
Parthenium hysterophorus and Prosopis juliflora, Senna Sepctabilis, etc. Hence,
statement 3 is correct.
Why are invasive species a cause of concern?
● Invasive species often outcompete native species for essential resources such as food,
water, light, and space.
● Invasive species can alter habitats by modifying soil composition, disrupting hydrological cycles, leading to habitat degradation.
● Invasive species may introduce new diseases to which native species lack resistance leading to mortality of native species.
● Invasive species can reduce populations of native species and overtime also result in local
extinctions.
4. Consider the following statements about the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).
1. It is governed by the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act (DSPE), 1964.
2. General Consent is given by the States to the CBI to conduct its investigation into cases of corruption against central government employees in the concerned state.
3. If a state withdraws its general consent, all investigations by the CBI in the state stops.
1. It is governed by the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act (DSPE), 1964.
2. General Consent is given by the States to the CBI to conduct its investigation into cases of corruption against central government employees in the concerned state.
3. If a state withdraws its general consent, all investigations by the CBI in the state stops.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
12%
A. Only one
65%
B. Only two
21%
C. All three
3%
D. None