Answer: B
Soln:
Nag Missile System:
● The Nag Anti-Tank Missile System (NAMIS) is a third-generation anti-tank missile with
fire-and-forget anti-tank missile and sighting system for enhanced firepower and
lethality. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
● It is an all-weather system with a range of 500 metres to 4 km.
● NAMIS has been developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation
(DRDO). Hence, statement 2 is correct.
Soln:
Nag Missile System:
● The Nag Anti-Tank Missile System (NAMIS) is a third-generation anti-tank missile with
fire-and-forget anti-tank missile and sighting system for enhanced firepower and
lethality. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
● It is an all-weather system with a range of 500 metres to 4 km.
● NAMIS has been developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation
(DRDO). Hence, statement 2 is correct.
4. Consider the following statements.
1. Gangetic and Indus river dolphins are found in India.
2. Based on the recent Riverine Dolphin survey, more than 1000 Indus Dolphins are found in Indus and its tributaries.
3. River Dolphins are also referred to as ‘living fossils’.
1. Gangetic and Indus river dolphins are found in India.
2. Based on the recent Riverine Dolphin survey, more than 1000 Indus Dolphins are found in Indus and its tributaries.
3. River Dolphins are also referred to as ‘living fossils’.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
7%
A. Only one
65%
B. Only two
24%
C. All three
3%
D. None
Answer: B
Soln:
River Dolphin Survey:
What’s in the news?
● The government has released the results of first-ever comprehensive population
estimation of riverine dolphins – Gangetic and Indus dolphins – done in India.
● India is home to two species of freshwater dolphins — Gangetic (Platanista gangetica)
and Indus (Platanista minor), which serve as bio-indicators of healthy river
ecosystems. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
● Both dolphins are classified as Endangered under IUCN Red List and listed as Schedule I
species under the provisions of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 2022.
● Both are functionally blind and rely on echolocation to navigate, communicate and
hunt prey including prawns, catfish, and carp.
○ Echolocation is a technique used by bats, dolphins and other animals to determine
the location of objects using reflected sound.
About the Survey
● The river dolphin survey was conducted by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII), an
autonomous institution under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
(MoEFCC).
● The survey was conducted across the Ganga and Brahmaputra river basins between
2021 and 2023.
● Apart from visual surveys, acoustic surveys, such as underwater microphones
(hydrophones) were used to detect dolphin echolocation clicks.
Key Findings
● The survey estimated the total population of Gangetic dolphins to be 6,324.
● The survey only found three Indus River dolphins in the Indus basin, all in the Beas
River in Punjab. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
Did you know?
● Often called "living fossils", dolphins evolved from marine ancestors millions of years
ago. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
● The highest number of Gangetic dolphins were reported in Uttar Pradesh (2,397),
followed by Bihar (2,220) and West Bengal (815).
● The study highlighted that potential threats to river dolphin populations include
pollution, riverbed mining, low water depth, habitat damage, prey decline and
climate change.
Soln:
River Dolphin Survey:
What’s in the news?
● The government has released the results of first-ever comprehensive population
estimation of riverine dolphins – Gangetic and Indus dolphins – done in India.
● India is home to two species of freshwater dolphins — Gangetic (Platanista gangetica)
and Indus (Platanista minor), which serve as bio-indicators of healthy river
ecosystems. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
● Both dolphins are classified as Endangered under IUCN Red List and listed as Schedule I
species under the provisions of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 2022.
● Both are functionally blind and rely on echolocation to navigate, communicate and
hunt prey including prawns, catfish, and carp.
○ Echolocation is a technique used by bats, dolphins and other animals to determine
the location of objects using reflected sound.
About the Survey
● The river dolphin survey was conducted by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII), an
autonomous institution under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
(MoEFCC).
● The survey was conducted across the Ganga and Brahmaputra river basins between
2021 and 2023.
● Apart from visual surveys, acoustic surveys, such as underwater microphones
(hydrophones) were used to detect dolphin echolocation clicks.
Key Findings
● The survey estimated the total population of Gangetic dolphins to be 6,324.
● The survey only found three Indus River dolphins in the Indus basin, all in the Beas
River in Punjab. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
Did you know?
● Often called "living fossils", dolphins evolved from marine ancestors millions of years
ago. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
● The highest number of Gangetic dolphins were reported in Uttar Pradesh (2,397),
followed by Bihar (2,220) and West Bengal (815).
● The study highlighted that potential threats to river dolphin populations include
pollution, riverbed mining, low water depth, habitat damage, prey decline and
climate change.
5. Cloud seeding is a kind of a weather modification technology to create artificial rainfall. In this
context, how many of the following can be used to induce cloud seeding?
1. Iodide of Silver
2. Liquid Propane
3. Iodide of Potassium
4. Solid Carbon-di-oxide
context, how many of the following can be used to induce cloud seeding?
1. Iodide of Silver
2. Liquid Propane
3. Iodide of Potassium
4. Solid Carbon-di-oxide
Choose the correct answer from the codes given below
Anonymous Quiz
36%
A. Only two
25%
B. Only three
38%
C. All four
1%
D. None
Answer: C
Soln:
● Cloud seeding is a kind of a weather modification technology to create artificial rainfall.
It works only when there are enough pre-existing clouds in the atmosphere.
● Rain happens when moisture in the air reaches levels at which it can no longer be held, and
cloud seeding aims to facilitate and accelerate that process by making available chemical
‘nuclei’ around which condensation can take place.
● These ‘seeds’ of rain can be the iodides of silver or potassium, dry ice (solid carbon
dioxide), or liquid propane. Hence, all options are correct.
● The seeds can be delivered by plane or simply by spraying from the ground.
Soln:
● Cloud seeding is a kind of a weather modification technology to create artificial rainfall.
It works only when there are enough pre-existing clouds in the atmosphere.
● Rain happens when moisture in the air reaches levels at which it can no longer be held, and
cloud seeding aims to facilitate and accelerate that process by making available chemical
‘nuclei’ around which condensation can take place.
● These ‘seeds’ of rain can be the iodides of silver or potassium, dry ice (solid carbon
dioxide), or liquid propane. Hence, all options are correct.
● The seeds can be delivered by plane or simply by spraying from the ground.
1. Consider the following statements about the Sariska Tiger Reserve.
1. It is located in the state of Madhya Pradesh.
2. It is a part of Aravalli hills.
1. It is located in the state of Madhya Pradesh.
2. It is a part of Aravalli hills.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
17%
A. 1 only
48%
B. 2 only
27%
C. Both 1 and 2
8%
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: B
Soln:
● Sariska Tiger Reserve is a tiger reserve in Alwar district, Rajasthan. Hence, statement 1
is incorrect.
● It comprises scrub-thorn arid forests, dry deciduous forests, grasslands, and rocky hills.
● Sariska represents a tiger habitat spread over the world's oldest mountain range- the
Aravallis. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
● It is a resilient ecosystem with a high prey density, and has the unique distinction of
successfully reintroducing the tiger after its local extinction.
Soln:
● Sariska Tiger Reserve is a tiger reserve in Alwar district, Rajasthan. Hence, statement 1
is incorrect.
● It comprises scrub-thorn arid forests, dry deciduous forests, grasslands, and rocky hills.
● Sariska represents a tiger habitat spread over the world's oldest mountain range- the
Aravallis. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
● It is a resilient ecosystem with a high prey density, and has the unique distinction of
successfully reintroducing the tiger after its local extinction.
2. Hong Kong convention, recently seen in the news, is most related to which of the following
aspects?
aspects?
choose the best answer
Anonymous Quiz
12%
A. Persistent organic pollutants
40%
B. Transboundary movement of hazardous wastes
39%
C. Recycling of ships
9%
D. Women safety
3. Consider the following statements about ‘Goldene’.
1. It is a free standing sheet of gold that is only one atom thick.
2. It conducts heat and electricity far more effectively than copper.
1. It is a free standing sheet of gold that is only one atom thick.
2. It conducts heat and electricity far more effectively than copper.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
9%
A. 1 only
19%
B. 2 only
72%
C. Both 1 and 2
0%
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: C
Soln:
● June 26, 2025 marked an important day for the global ship recycling industry, as the Hong
Kong International Convention for the safe and environmentally sound recycling of
ships (HKC) came into force. Hence, option C is correct.
● Adopted nearly 16 years ago at a diplomatic conference in Hong Kong, the HKC was
developed with inputs from International Maritime Organisation (IMO) member states
and non-governmental organisations, and in cooperation with the International Labour
Organization and the parties to the Basel Convention on the control of trans-boundary
movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal.
Soln:
● June 26, 2025 marked an important day for the global ship recycling industry, as the Hong
Kong International Convention for the safe and environmentally sound recycling of
ships (HKC) came into force. Hence, option C is correct.
● Adopted nearly 16 years ago at a diplomatic conference in Hong Kong, the HKC was
developed with inputs from International Maritime Organisation (IMO) member states
and non-governmental organisations, and in cooperation with the International Labour
Organization and the parties to the Basel Convention on the control of trans-boundary
movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal.
Answer: C
Soln:
GOLDENE:
● Researchers have for the first time created Goldene - a free-standing sheet of gold - that
is only one atom thick. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
● This makes gold the first metal to be formulated into freestanding 2D sheets.
● Goldene possibly has some special properties, like other previously developed 2D materials.
● This is due to the fact that each gold atom, in the case of goldene, has only six neighbouring
atoms, compared to 12 in a three dimensional crystal.
● Due to metals’ tendency to cluster together and make nanoparticles, creating atom-thin
metallic sheets has been a challenge.
● Gold sheets sandwiched between other materials were produced earlier but goldene is the
first free-standing 2D metal.
Size of Goldene:
● The sheets of goldene are roughly 100 nanometres thick, approximately 400 times thinner
than the thinnest commercially available gold leaf.
Applications of Goldene
● Goldene holds promise of being a good catalyst because it’s much more economically
viable than thicker, three-dimensional gold.
● It is extremely strong and conducts heat and electricity far more effectively than copper. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
● The electronics industry which uses gold due to its electrical conductivity, can potentially use lesser amounts for the same purpose.
● Future applications could include carbon dioxide conversion, hydrogen-generating catalysis, selective production of value-added chemicals, hydrogen production, water
purification, etc.
Soln:
GOLDENE:
● Researchers have for the first time created Goldene - a free-standing sheet of gold - that
is only one atom thick. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
● This makes gold the first metal to be formulated into freestanding 2D sheets.
● Goldene possibly has some special properties, like other previously developed 2D materials.
● This is due to the fact that each gold atom, in the case of goldene, has only six neighbouring
atoms, compared to 12 in a three dimensional crystal.
● Due to metals’ tendency to cluster together and make nanoparticles, creating atom-thin
metallic sheets has been a challenge.
● Gold sheets sandwiched between other materials were produced earlier but goldene is the
first free-standing 2D metal.
Size of Goldene:
● The sheets of goldene are roughly 100 nanometres thick, approximately 400 times thinner
than the thinnest commercially available gold leaf.
Applications of Goldene
● Goldene holds promise of being a good catalyst because it’s much more economically
viable than thicker, three-dimensional gold.
● It is extremely strong and conducts heat and electricity far more effectively than copper. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
● The electronics industry which uses gold due to its electrical conductivity, can potentially use lesser amounts for the same purpose.
● Future applications could include carbon dioxide conversion, hydrogen-generating catalysis, selective production of value-added chemicals, hydrogen production, water
purification, etc.
5. Consider the following statements.
1. In nuclear fusion, atoms of lesser mass combine together to form a new atom of higher mass.
2. The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) is aimed at demonstrating the feasibility of nuclear fusion as a source of energy.
3. Sun and the other Stars gain their energy from the nuclear fission process.
1. In nuclear fusion, atoms of lesser mass combine together to form a new atom of higher mass.
2. The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) is aimed at demonstrating the feasibility of nuclear fusion as a source of energy.
3. Sun and the other Stars gain their energy from the nuclear fission process.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
3%
A. Only one
65%
B. Only two
31%
C. All the three
1%
D. None of the above
Answer: B
Soln:
International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor:
● The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) is a major international
nuclear fusion research and engineering project aimed at demonstrating the
feasibility of nuclear fusion as a source of energy. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
● ITER aims to replicate the fusion processes of the sun to create energy.
● The project, involving collaboration among 33 countries, including the European Union,
India, Japan, China, Russia, South Korea, and the United States, is being built in
southern France.
● Thousands of engineers and scientists have contributed to the design of ITER since the idea
for an international joint experiment in fusion was first launched in 1985.
Soln:
International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor:
● The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) is a major international
nuclear fusion research and engineering project aimed at demonstrating the
feasibility of nuclear fusion as a source of energy. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
● ITER aims to replicate the fusion processes of the sun to create energy.
● The project, involving collaboration among 33 countries, including the European Union,
India, Japan, China, Russia, South Korea, and the United States, is being built in
southern France.
● Thousands of engineers and scientists have contributed to the design of ITER since the idea
for an international joint experiment in fusion was first launched in 1985.
1. Hul Diwas, recently seen in news, is related to which of the following tribal uprisings?