A to Z of UPSC Preparation- For Aspirants aiming for UPSC CSE 2026/27 Examination.

Join Mr. R.A. Israel Jebasingh, Ex-IAS (AIR 59) and Director of Officers IAS Academy, for an eye-opening workshop on A to Z of UPSC preparation... Learn how to approach UPSC CSE in the right way and achieve your dreams!

Date: Saturday, 21st June 2025
Time: 10:30 AM
Venue: Officers IAS Academy, Chennai
Mode: Offline

Get practical tips, insights, and the confidence to crack UPSC Civil services exam.

Register Now: https://forms.gle/ZWLDRAixUeQqpxvf7

For more details, contact us: +91 93637 30226

#IAS #IPS #UPSC #Workshop #IASExam #IPSDream #OfficersIASAcademy #LanguageNoBarrier #TamilMedium #UPSCinTamil

1. Which organization is responsible for developing the HSN codes globally?

2. Consider the following statements about the Technical Textiles
1) They are engineered products with a definite functionality.
2) They are manufactured using natural fibers only.

Answer: C
Explanation
● The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System generally referred to as
"Harmonized System" or simply "HS" is a multipurpose international product
nomenclature developed by the World Customs Organization (WCO) in 1988.
○ WCO, established in 1952 is an independent intergovernmental body whose mission is
to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of Customs administrations.
○ WCO represents 185 Customs administrations across the globe (including India) that
collectively process approximately 98% of world trade.

● It is a six-digit code that classifies more than 5000 products, arranged in a legal and logical
structure. To achieve uniform classification, the HS Nomenclature is supported by well-
defined rules and is accepted worldwide.
● HSN code is used by customs authorities, statistical agencies, and other government
regulatory bodies, to monitor and control the import and export of commodities.
○ India has been using HSN codes since 1986 to classify commodities for Customs and
Central Excise.

Answer: A
Explanation
● Statement 1 is correct: Technical textiles are textile materials and products used
primarily for their technical performance and functional properties rather than their
aesthetic or decorative characteristics. They are engineered products with a definite
functionality.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: Technical textiles are manufactured using natural as well as
man-made fibers such as Nomex, Kevlar, Spandex, Twaron that exhibit enhanced
functional properties such as higher tenacity, excellent insulation, improved thermal
resistance etc.
● These products find end-use application across multiple non-conventional textile industries
such as healthcare, construction, automobile, aerospace, sports, defense and agriculture.
About NTTM
● To position India as a global leader in Technical Textiles, the Ministry of Textiles launched
the National Technical Textile Mission in 2020.
● The Mission also supports the ‘Make in India’ initiative promoting domestic
manufacturing of related machinery and equipment.
● The Mission has a target to take the domestic market size of the technical textile sector
to $ 40-50 Bn by the year 2024 with an average growth rate of 15-20% per annum.

● The Mission comprise of the following four components:
○ Research, Innovation and Development
○ Promotion and Market Development
○ Export Promotion
○ Education, Training, Skill Development.

3. Consider the following statements
1) Green hydrogen is produced by electrolysis of water using renewable energy and has a
lower carbon footprint.
2) Blue hydrogen is produced from natural gas where the associated emissions are released to
the air.
3) Turquoise hydrogen is made using a process called methane pyrolysis to produce hydrogen
and solid carbon.

Answer: B
Explanation
● Hydrogen can be ‘grey’, ‘brown’, ‘Turquoise’, ‘blue’ and green.
○ Statement 1 is correct: Green hydrogen is produced through electrolysis using
renewable sources of energy such as solar, wind or hydel power. It is produced by
splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using renewable electricity. That makes
green hydrogen the cleanest option – hydrogen from renewable energy sources
without CO2 as a by-product.
○ The vast majority of industrial hydrogen is currently produced from natural gas
through a conventional process known as steam methane reforming (SMR). The
standard SMR process produces what is known as Grey Hydrogen and has the
major disadvantage of releasing large quantities of by-product CO2 into the
atmosphere - the main culprit for climate change.
○ Grey hydrogen has increasingly been produced also from coal, with significantly
higher CO2 emissions per unit of hydrogen produced so much that it is often called
brown or black hydrogen instead of grey.
○ Statement 2 is incorrect: Blue hydrogen, too, is produced using electricity
generated by burning methane or coal but with technologies to prevent the
carbon released in the process from entering the atmosphere;
○ Statement 3 is correct: Turquoise hydrogen is made using a process called
methane pyrolysis to produce hydrogen and solid carbon. As a result, there is no
requirement for carbon capture and storage (CCS) and the carbon can even be used
in other applications. Where the electricity driving the pyrolysis is renewable, the
process is zero-carbon.

5. Consider the following statements about the Moon.
1. A “supermoon” occurs when a full moon coincides with the Moon closest approach to
Earth in its elliptical orbit.
2. The Moon closest approach to the Earth in its orbit is a point known as apogee.
3. Blue Moon is the second full moon in a calendar month.

Answer: B
Soln:
What is a Supermoon?
● A “supermoon” occurs when a full moon coincides with the Moon's closest approach to
Earth in its elliptical orbit, a point known as perigee. Hence, statement 1 is correct and
statement 2 is incorrect.
● When that happens, it appears slightly brighter and larger than a regular full moon.
● Supermoons are generally seen every three or four months.
What is the Blue Moon?
● Blue Moon is the second full moon in a calendar month. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
● Usually months have only one full moon, but occasionally a second one sneaks in.
● Full moons are separated by 29.5 days, while most months are 30 or 31 days long; so it is
possible to fit two full moons in a single month.
● This happens every two and a half years, on average.
What is a Blue Supermoon?
● A supermoon coinciding with a blue moon i.e. Blue supermoons are a much rarer
occurrence.
● Blue supermoons occur once every 10 years or so.

1. Consider the following statements.
1. National Emergency can be imposed in a particular state in the event of breakdown of Constitutional machinery in the particular state.
2. On imposition of the President's rule, the President directly gets the power to legislate on behalf of the state legislature.
3. The President's rule has no impact on the fundamental rights of the citizens.

2.  With respect to the imports and exports by a country, consider the following statements about Dumping.
1. Dumping is the practice of selling a product in a foreign market at an unfairly low price in order to gain a competitive advantage over other suppliers.
2. Anti-dumping duty is imposed to protect local businesses from unfair competition created due to dumping.
3. The World Trade Organisation(WTO) plays an important role in regulation of anti-dumping measures.

Answer: A
Soln:
● As per article 352, National emergency can only be imposed on the following three grounds,
○ War,
○ External aggression and
○ Armed rebellion. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
● As per article 357, Parliament should confer the legislative power of the State Legislature on the President. He/She does not get it automatically. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
● Only during the National Emergency, the fundamental rights of the people are affected. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Answer: C
Soln:
Dumping:
● Dumping is the practice of selling a product in a foreign market at an unfairly low price (a price that is lower than the cost in the home market, or which is lower than the cost of production) in order to gain a competitive advantage over other suppliers.  Hence, statement 1 is correct.
● Dumping is done to gain access to the foreign market and eliminate competition. It creates a monopoly in the market.
● Dumping enables consumers in the importing country to obtain access to goods at an affordable price.
● However, it can also destroy the local market of the importing country, which can result in layoffs and the closure of businesses.
Anti-dumping duty:
● An anti-dumping duty is a protectionist tariff that a domestic government imposes on foreign imports when it believes that the goods are being “dumped” – through the low pricing – in the domestic market.
● Anti-dumping duty is imposed to protect local businesses and markets from unfair competition by foreign imports.   Hence, statement 2 is correct.
● The imposition of anti-dumping duty is a legitimate trade remedial measure under the World Trade Organization (WTO) rules.
Ill effects of such duties:
● While the intention of anti-dumping duties is to save domestic jobs, these tariffs can also lead to higher prices for domestic consumers.
● In the long-term, anti-dumping duties can reduce the international competition of domestic companies producing similar goods.
Dumping and WTO:
● WTO plays a critical role in the regulation of anti-dumping measures.  Hence, statement 3 is correct.
● The WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement allows the government of the affected country to take legal action against the dumping country as long as there is evidence of genuine material injury to industries in the domestic market.
● The government must show that dumping took place, the extent of the dumping in terms of costs, and the injury or threat to cause injury to the domestic market.
● In other cases, the WTO intervenes to prevent anti-dumping measures.
Institutional arrangement in India:
● Anti-dumping measures in India are administered by the Directorate General of Trade Remedies (DGTR), an attached office of the Department of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce & Industry.
● DGTR conducts the investigation and makes recommendations to the Government for imposition of anti-dumping measures.
● Such duty is finally imposed/levied by a Notification of the Ministry of Finance.
● Of the 46 anti-dumping duties levied in the latest three fiscals, 60 per cent targeted goods originating only in China and 26 per cent targeted goods originating in China and at least one other country.

 
3.  Consider the following statements about the Minerals Security Partnership (MSP).
1. MSP aims to catalyze public and private investment in responsible critical minerals supply chains globally.
2. China is a full member of MSP.