Answer: B
Explanation
● Statement 1 is correct: Securities Appellate Tribunal is a statutory body established under the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992.
● It was mainly established to hear and dispose of appealsagainst orders passed by SEBI or by an adjudicating officer under the SEBI Act.
● SAT hears and disposes of appeals against orders passed by the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) under the PFRDA Act, 2013.
● Statement 2 is correct: SAT also hears and disposes of appeals against orders passed by the Insurance Regulatory Development Authority of India (IRDAI).
● SAT has only one bench which sits at Mumbai.
Composition
● SAT consists one Presiding Officer and such number ofJudicial and Technical Members as the Central Government may determine.
● The person so appointed as the Presiding Officer should meet with the following requirements:
○ The retired or sitting Judge of the Supreme Court
○ The retired or sitting Chief Justice of a High Court
○ The retired or sitting Judge of High Court, who has completed at least seven years of service as a Judge in a High Court.
Appeal
● Statement 3 is incorrect: Every person aggrieved by any order or decision of Securities Appellate Tribunal can file an appeal to the supreme court. Also, the appeal only can be made on any question of law.

5. Consider the following statements.
1. Gene editing is a group of technologies that give scientists the ability to change an organism's DNA.
2. CRISPR-Cas9 technology replicates a natural defense mechanism in some bacteria that uses a similar method to protect itself from virus attacks.

Answer: C
Soln:
● Statement 1 is correct: Gene editing (also known as genome editing) is a group of technologies that give scientists the ability to change an organism's DNA. These technologies allow genetic material to be added, removed, or altered at particular locations in the genome.
○ A genome is the complete set of genetic information in an organism. It provides all of the information the organism requires to function. In living organisms, the genome is stored in long molecules of DNA called chromosomes.
● Genome editing is of great interest in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Currently, most research on genome editing is done to understand diseases using cells and animal models.
● Gene editing is being explored in research on a wide variety of diseases, including single-gene disorders such as cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, and sickle cell disease. It also holds promise for the treatment and prevention of more complex diseases, such as cancer, heart disease, mental illness, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
CRISPR-Cas9
● Several approaches to genome editing have been developed. A recent one is known as CRISPR-Cas9, which is short for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9.
● This method of genome editing is faster, cheaper, more accurate, and more efficient than other existing methods.
● In essence, the technology works in a simple way — it locates the specific area in the genetic sequence which has been diagnosed to be the cause of the problem, cuts it out, and replaces it with a new and correct sequence that no longer causes the problem.
● Statement 2 is correct: The technology replicates a natural defense mechanism in some bacteria that uses a similar method to protect itself from virus attacks.
How does it work?
● An RNA molecule is programmed to locate the particular problematic sequence on the DNA strand, and a special protein called Cas9, which now is often described in popular literature as ‘genetic scissor’, is used to break and remove the problematic sequence.
● A DNA strand, when broken, has a natural tendency to repair itself. But the auto-repair mechanism can lead to the re-growth of a problematic sequence. Scientists intervene during this auto-repair process by supplying the desired sequence of genetic codes, which replaces the original sequence.
● It is like cutting a portion of a long zipper somewhere in between, and replacing that portion with a fresh segment.

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1. Which organization is responsible for developing the HSN codes globally?

2. Consider the following statements about the Technical Textiles
1) They are engineered products with a definite functionality.
2) They are manufactured using natural fibers only.

Answer: C
Explanation
● The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System generally referred to as
"Harmonized System" or simply "HS" is a multipurpose international product
nomenclature developed by the World Customs Organization (WCO) in 1988.
○ WCO, established in 1952 is an independent intergovernmental body whose mission is
to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of Customs administrations.
○ WCO represents 185 Customs administrations across the globe (including India) that
collectively process approximately 98% of world trade.

● It is a six-digit code that classifies more than 5000 products, arranged in a legal and logical
structure. To achieve uniform classification, the HS Nomenclature is supported by well-
defined rules and is accepted worldwide.
● HSN code is used by customs authorities, statistical agencies, and other government
regulatory bodies, to monitor and control the import and export of commodities.
○ India has been using HSN codes since 1986 to classify commodities for Customs and
Central Excise.

Answer: A
Explanation
● Statement 1 is correct: Technical textiles are textile materials and products used
primarily for their technical performance and functional properties rather than their
aesthetic or decorative characteristics. They are engineered products with a definite
functionality.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: Technical textiles are manufactured using natural as well as
man-made fibers such as Nomex, Kevlar, Spandex, Twaron that exhibit enhanced
functional properties such as higher tenacity, excellent insulation, improved thermal
resistance etc.
● These products find end-use application across multiple non-conventional textile industries
such as healthcare, construction, automobile, aerospace, sports, defense and agriculture.
About NTTM
● To position India as a global leader in Technical Textiles, the Ministry of Textiles launched
the National Technical Textile Mission in 2020.
● The Mission also supports the ‘Make in India’ initiative promoting domestic
manufacturing of related machinery and equipment.
● The Mission has a target to take the domestic market size of the technical textile sector
to $ 40-50 Bn by the year 2024 with an average growth rate of 15-20% per annum.

● The Mission comprise of the following four components:
○ Research, Innovation and Development
○ Promotion and Market Development
○ Export Promotion
○ Education, Training, Skill Development.

3. Consider the following statements
1) Green hydrogen is produced by electrolysis of water using renewable energy and has a
lower carbon footprint.
2) Blue hydrogen is produced from natural gas where the associated emissions are released to
the air.
3) Turquoise hydrogen is made using a process called methane pyrolysis to produce hydrogen
and solid carbon.

Answer: B
Explanation
● Hydrogen can be ‘grey’, ‘brown’, ‘Turquoise’, ‘blue’ and green.
○ Statement 1 is correct: Green hydrogen is produced through electrolysis using
renewable sources of energy such as solar, wind or hydel power. It is produced by
splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using renewable electricity. That makes
green hydrogen the cleanest option – hydrogen from renewable energy sources
without CO2 as a by-product.
○ The vast majority of industrial hydrogen is currently produced from natural gas
through a conventional process known as steam methane reforming (SMR). The
standard SMR process produces what is known as Grey Hydrogen and has the
major disadvantage of releasing large quantities of by-product CO2 into the
atmosphere - the main culprit for climate change.
○ Grey hydrogen has increasingly been produced also from coal, with significantly
higher CO2 emissions per unit of hydrogen produced so much that it is often called
brown or black hydrogen instead of grey.
○ Statement 2 is incorrect: Blue hydrogen, too, is produced using electricity
generated by burning methane or coal but with technologies to prevent the
carbon released in the process from entering the atmosphere;
○ Statement 3 is correct: Turquoise hydrogen is made using a process called
methane pyrolysis to produce hydrogen and solid carbon. As a result, there is no
requirement for carbon capture and storage (CCS) and the carbon can even be used
in other applications. Where the electricity driving the pyrolysis is renewable, the
process is zero-carbon.

5. Consider the following statements about the Moon.
1. A “supermoon” occurs when a full moon coincides with the Moon closest approach to
Earth in its elliptical orbit.
2. The Moon closest approach to the Earth in its orbit is a point known as apogee.
3. Blue Moon is the second full moon in a calendar month.

Answer: B
Soln:
What is a Supermoon?
● A “supermoon” occurs when a full moon coincides with the Moon's closest approach to
Earth in its elliptical orbit, a point known as perigee. Hence, statement 1 is correct and
statement 2 is incorrect.
● When that happens, it appears slightly brighter and larger than a regular full moon.
● Supermoons are generally seen every three or four months.
What is the Blue Moon?
● Blue Moon is the second full moon in a calendar month. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
● Usually months have only one full moon, but occasionally a second one sneaks in.
● Full moons are separated by 29.5 days, while most months are 30 or 31 days long; so it is
possible to fit two full moons in a single month.
● This happens every two and a half years, on average.
What is a Blue Supermoon?
● A supermoon coinciding with a blue moon i.e. Blue supermoons are a much rarer
occurrence.
● Blue supermoons occur once every 10 years or so.

1. Consider the following statements.
1. National Emergency can be imposed in a particular state in the event of breakdown of Constitutional machinery in the particular state.
2. On imposition of the President's rule, the President directly gets the power to legislate on behalf of the state legislature.
3. The President's rule has no impact on the fundamental rights of the citizens.

2.  With respect to the imports and exports by a country, consider the following statements about Dumping.
1. Dumping is the practice of selling a product in a foreign market at an unfairly low price in order to gain a competitive advantage over other suppliers.
2. Anti-dumping duty is imposed to protect local businesses from unfair competition created due to dumping.
3. The World Trade Organisation(WTO) plays an important role in regulation of anti-dumping measures.