With respect to the imports and exports by a country, consider the following statements about
Dumping.
1. Dumping is the practice of selling a product in a foreign market at an unfairly low price in
order to gain a competitive advantage over other suppliers.
2. Anti-dumping duty is imposed to protect local businesses from unfair competition created
due to dumping.
Dumping.
1. Dumping is the practice of selling a product in a foreign market at an unfairly low price in
order to gain a competitive advantage over other suppliers.
2. Anti-dumping duty is imposed to protect local businesses from unfair competition created
due to dumping.
Answer: D
Soln:
Eklavya Model Residential School (EMRS):
● The Ministry of Tribal Affairs is implementing the Central Sector Scheme of Eklavya
Model Residential School (EMRS) to provide quality middle and high-level education to
Scheduled Tribe (ST) students in remote areas. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
● Introduced in 1997-98, the schools are aimed to enable ST students to access the best
opportunities in education and to bring them at par with the general population.
● The schools focus not only on academic education but on the all-round development of
the students.
● Each school has a capacity of 480 students, catering to students from Class VI to XII. Non-
ST students can be admitted in EMRSs up to 10% of the total seats. Hence, statement 3
is incorrect.
● The National Education Society for Tribal Students (NESTS), an autonomous
organization under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, establishes, endows, maintains, controls
and manages these schools. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
● The government aims to establish EMRS in every block with more than 50% ST
population and at least 20,000 tribal persons.
● EMRS are set up in States/UTs with grants under Article 275(1) of the Constitution of
India.
○ Article 275(1) guarantees grants-in-aid from the Consolidated Fund of India
each year for promoting the welfare of Scheduled Tribes.
○ Infrastructure development schemes like protected drinking water, road
connectivity, electricity and housing are provided under this scheme.
Soln:
Eklavya Model Residential School (EMRS):
● The Ministry of Tribal Affairs is implementing the Central Sector Scheme of Eklavya
Model Residential School (EMRS) to provide quality middle and high-level education to
Scheduled Tribe (ST) students in remote areas. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
● Introduced in 1997-98, the schools are aimed to enable ST students to access the best
opportunities in education and to bring them at par with the general population.
● The schools focus not only on academic education but on the all-round development of
the students.
● Each school has a capacity of 480 students, catering to students from Class VI to XII. Non-
ST students can be admitted in EMRSs up to 10% of the total seats. Hence, statement 3
is incorrect.
● The National Education Society for Tribal Students (NESTS), an autonomous
organization under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, establishes, endows, maintains, controls
and manages these schools. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
● The government aims to establish EMRS in every block with more than 50% ST
population and at least 20,000 tribal persons.
● EMRS are set up in States/UTs with grants under Article 275(1) of the Constitution of
India.
○ Article 275(1) guarantees grants-in-aid from the Consolidated Fund of India
each year for promoting the welfare of Scheduled Tribes.
○ Infrastructure development schemes like protected drinking water, road
connectivity, electricity and housing are provided under this scheme.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
5%
A. 1 only
7%
B. 2 only
79%
C. Both 1 and 2
9%
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: C
Soln:
Dumping:
● Dumping is the practice of selling a product in a foreign market at an unfairly low
price (a price that is lower than the cost in the home market, or which is lower than
the cost of production) in order to gain a competitive advantage over other suppliers.
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
● Dumping is done to gain access to the foreign market and eliminate competition. It creates a
monopoly in the market.
● Dumping enables consumers in the importing country to obtain access to goods at an
affordable price.
● However, it can also destroy the local market of the importing country, which can result in
layoffs and the closure of businesses.
Anti-dumping duty:
● An anti-dumping duty is a protectionist tariff that a domestic government imposes on
foreign imports when it believes that the goods are being “dumped” – through the low
pricing – in the domestic market.
● Anti-dumping duty is imposed to protect local businesses and markets from unfair
competition by foreign imports. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
● The imposition of anti-dumping duty is a legitimate trade remedial measure under the
World Trade Organization (WTO) rules.
Ill effects of such duties:
● While the intention of anti-dumping duties is to save domestic jobs, these tariffs can also
lead to higher prices for domestic consumers.
● In the long-term, anti-dumping duties can reduce the international competition of domestic
companies producing similar goods.
Institutional arrangement in India:
● Anti-dumping measures in India are administered by the Directorate General of Trade
Remedies (DGTR), an attached office of the Department of Commerce, Ministry of
Commerce & Industry.
● DGTR conducts the investigation and makes recommendations to the Government for
imposition of anti-dumping measures.
● Such duty is finally imposed/levied by a Notification of the Ministry of Finance.
● Of the 46 anti-dumping duties levied in the latest three fiscals, 60 per cent targeted
goods originating only in China.
Soln:
Dumping:
● Dumping is the practice of selling a product in a foreign market at an unfairly low
price (a price that is lower than the cost in the home market, or which is lower than
the cost of production) in order to gain a competitive advantage over other suppliers.
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
● Dumping is done to gain access to the foreign market and eliminate competition. It creates a
monopoly in the market.
● Dumping enables consumers in the importing country to obtain access to goods at an
affordable price.
● However, it can also destroy the local market of the importing country, which can result in
layoffs and the closure of businesses.
Anti-dumping duty:
● An anti-dumping duty is a protectionist tariff that a domestic government imposes on
foreign imports when it believes that the goods are being “dumped” – through the low
pricing – in the domestic market.
● Anti-dumping duty is imposed to protect local businesses and markets from unfair
competition by foreign imports. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
● The imposition of anti-dumping duty is a legitimate trade remedial measure under the
World Trade Organization (WTO) rules.
Ill effects of such duties:
● While the intention of anti-dumping duties is to save domestic jobs, these tariffs can also
lead to higher prices for domestic consumers.
● In the long-term, anti-dumping duties can reduce the international competition of domestic
companies producing similar goods.
Institutional arrangement in India:
● Anti-dumping measures in India are administered by the Directorate General of Trade
Remedies (DGTR), an attached office of the Department of Commerce, Ministry of
Commerce & Industry.
● DGTR conducts the investigation and makes recommendations to the Government for
imposition of anti-dumping measures.
● Such duty is finally imposed/levied by a Notification of the Ministry of Finance.
● Of the 46 anti-dumping duties levied in the latest three fiscals, 60 per cent targeted
goods originating only in China.
5. Khuldabad, recently seen in news, is a small town in the state of Maharashtra. Why is this town
significant?
significant?
Answer: A
Soln:
● The last powerful Mughal emperor Aurangazeb is buried in a simple grave in
Khuldabad, a Sufi centre near the Ellora caves in Maharashtra.
● It’s a striking departure from the tombs of earlier Mughals: no towering domes of marble
and sandstone, no expansive gardens, no tragic love story. Just a grave, covered with a little
marble.
● The fact is that the area around Ellora is one of the most consistently sacred sites in human
history: it is home to over two thousand years of sacred architecture, from every pan-Indian
religion. Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, and Islam all dominated it.
● By the 10th century, Ellora was studded with rock-cut shrines, the most impressive of
which was the Kailasanatha Temple, today a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
● Nearby city of Devagiri was conquered by the Delhi Sultanate in the late 1200s.
● Soon after, Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq shifted his capital to Devagiri and ordered a
chunk of Delhi’s Muslim intelligentsia to relocate there.
● Many Sufi Saints also relocated in this process and many settled in the region. This led to a
Sufi Culture in the region.
Soln:
● The last powerful Mughal emperor Aurangazeb is buried in a simple grave in
Khuldabad, a Sufi centre near the Ellora caves in Maharashtra.
● It’s a striking departure from the tombs of earlier Mughals: no towering domes of marble
and sandstone, no expansive gardens, no tragic love story. Just a grave, covered with a little
marble.
● The fact is that the area around Ellora is one of the most consistently sacred sites in human
history: it is home to over two thousand years of sacred architecture, from every pan-Indian
religion. Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, and Islam all dominated it.
● By the 10th century, Ellora was studded with rock-cut shrines, the most impressive of
which was the Kailasanatha Temple, today a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
● Nearby city of Devagiri was conquered by the Delhi Sultanate in the late 1200s.
● Soon after, Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq shifted his capital to Devagiri and ordered a
chunk of Delhi’s Muslim intelligentsia to relocate there.
● Many Sufi Saints also relocated in this process and many settled in the region. This led to a
Sufi Culture in the region.
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