Answer: C
Soln:
Food Fortification
What is Fortification of Food?
● Fortification is the addition of key vitamins and minerals such as iron, iodine, zinc,
Vitamin A & D to staple foods such as rice, milk and salt to improve their nutritional content.
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
● These nutrients may or may not have been originally present in the food before processing.
● It is a cost-effective strategy for improving diets and for the prevention and control of
micronutrient deficiencies.
● It can be carried out by food manufacturers, or by governments as a public health policy
which aims to reduce the number of people with dietary deficiencies within a population.
Need for Food Fortification
● Deficiency of micronutrients, also known as “hidden hunger”, is a serious health risk.
● According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5):
○ 67 percent of children (6-59 months) are anaemic
○ 57 percent women in the reproductive age group are anaemic
○ every third child still suffers from chronic undernourishment, and every fifth child is
acutely malnourished.
● Food fortification is one strategy to address these issues, as it provides essential nutrients
without requiring changes to people’s dietary habits. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
● This approach is socio-culturally acceptable since it does not affect the taste, texture, or
appearance of the food.
Did you know?
● The Copenhagen Consensus (a conference of prominent economists) estimates that
every 1 Rupee spent on fortification results in 9 Rupees in benefits to the economy.
Hence, statement 3 is correct.
How does the government use food fortification in various schemes?
● In 2016, FSSAI operationalized the Food Safety and Standards (Fortification of Foods)
Regulations, 2016 for fortifying staples namely:
○ Wheat Flour and Rice with Iron, Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid,
○ Milk and Edible Oil with Vitamins A and D and
○ Double Fortified Salt with Iodine and Iron
● The ‘+F’ logo has been notified to identify fortified foods.c
Soln:
Food Fortification
What is Fortification of Food?
● Fortification is the addition of key vitamins and minerals such as iron, iodine, zinc,
Vitamin A & D to staple foods such as rice, milk and salt to improve their nutritional content.
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
● These nutrients may or may not have been originally present in the food before processing.
● It is a cost-effective strategy for improving diets and for the prevention and control of
micronutrient deficiencies.
● It can be carried out by food manufacturers, or by governments as a public health policy
which aims to reduce the number of people with dietary deficiencies within a population.
Need for Food Fortification
● Deficiency of micronutrients, also known as “hidden hunger”, is a serious health risk.
● According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5):
○ 67 percent of children (6-59 months) are anaemic
○ 57 percent women in the reproductive age group are anaemic
○ every third child still suffers from chronic undernourishment, and every fifth child is
acutely malnourished.
● Food fortification is one strategy to address these issues, as it provides essential nutrients
without requiring changes to people’s dietary habits. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
● This approach is socio-culturally acceptable since it does not affect the taste, texture, or
appearance of the food.
Did you know?
● The Copenhagen Consensus (a conference of prominent economists) estimates that
every 1 Rupee spent on fortification results in 9 Rupees in benefits to the economy.
Hence, statement 3 is correct.
How does the government use food fortification in various schemes?
● In 2016, FSSAI operationalized the Food Safety and Standards (Fortification of Foods)
Regulations, 2016 for fortifying staples namely:
○ Wheat Flour and Rice with Iron, Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid,
○ Milk and Edible Oil with Vitamins A and D and
○ Double Fortified Salt with Iodine and Iron
● The ‘+F’ logo has been notified to identify fortified foods.c
Answer: C
Soln:
Small Modular Reactors
About:
● Small modular reactors (SMRs) are advanced nuclear reactors that have a power
capacity of up to 300 MW(e) per unit, which is about one-third of the generating
capacity of traditional nuclear power reactors. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
● They are:
○ Small – physically a fraction of the size of a conventional nuclear power reactor.
○ Modular – making it possible for systems and components to be factory-
assembled and transported as a unit to a location for installation.
○ Reactors – harnessing nuclear fission to generate heat to produce energy.
Advantages of SMRs
● Designed with a smaller core damage frequency (the likelihood that an accident will
damage the nuclear fuel) and source term (a measure of radioactive contamination)
compared to conventional Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs).
● As they are smaller in size, power output and capacity, they need less space and less
cooling water, offering greater flexibility for site selection than large nuclear plants.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
● SMRs can be safely installed and operated at several brownfield sites (previously
developed properties) that may not meet the more stringent zoning requirements for
conventional NPPs.
● Most land-based SMR designs require low-enriched uranium, which can be supplied by
all countries that possess uranium mines.
● They are modular and can be produced in series, which allows for production cost
efficiency through economies of scale.
Soln:
Small Modular Reactors
About:
● Small modular reactors (SMRs) are advanced nuclear reactors that have a power
capacity of up to 300 MW(e) per unit, which is about one-third of the generating
capacity of traditional nuclear power reactors. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
● They are:
○ Small – physically a fraction of the size of a conventional nuclear power reactor.
○ Modular – making it possible for systems and components to be factory-
assembled and transported as a unit to a location for installation.
○ Reactors – harnessing nuclear fission to generate heat to produce energy.
Advantages of SMRs
● Designed with a smaller core damage frequency (the likelihood that an accident will
damage the nuclear fuel) and source term (a measure of radioactive contamination)
compared to conventional Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs).
● As they are smaller in size, power output and capacity, they need less space and less
cooling water, offering greater flexibility for site selection than large nuclear plants.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
● SMRs can be safely installed and operated at several brownfield sites (previously
developed properties) that may not meet the more stringent zoning requirements for
conventional NPPs.
● Most land-based SMR designs require low-enriched uranium, which can be supplied by
all countries that possess uranium mines.
● They are modular and can be produced in series, which allows for production cost
efficiency through economies of scale.
3. Consider the following statements about Small Modular Reactors.
1. These are advanced nuclear reactors that have a power capacity of up to 300 MW per unit.
2. These are more flexible to set up in comparison to traditional nuclear power reactors.
1. These are advanced nuclear reactors that have a power capacity of up to 300 MW per unit.
2. These are more flexible to set up in comparison to traditional nuclear power reactors.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
11%
A. 1 only
17%
B. 2 only
71%
C. Both 1 and 2
2%
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
45%
A. 1 only
13%
B. 2 only
41%
C. Both 1 and 2
1%
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: A
Soln:
● Fired clay bricks have been the mainstay of the construction industry but their production
also emits nearly 300 million tonnes of carbon dioxide every year, which could increase
with more urbanisation.
● A new advance on this front is mycelium bricks. Mycelia are the branching filaments
of fungi that make up its vegetative part. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
● Researchers have them harnessed to create biodegradable, fire-resistant, and insulative
bricks.
● They are made by combining husk, sawdust, and fungal spores to create a fibrous
network that solidifies into a lightweight material.
● Within a few days, these materials become a hardier structure.
● Mycelium bricks have the potential to reduce the building sector’s carbon footprint, its
proponents have said. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
● They are relatively more lightweight and good insulators of heat.
Soln:
● Fired clay bricks have been the mainstay of the construction industry but their production
also emits nearly 300 million tonnes of carbon dioxide every year, which could increase
with more urbanisation.
● A new advance on this front is mycelium bricks. Mycelia are the branching filaments
of fungi that make up its vegetative part. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
● Researchers have them harnessed to create biodegradable, fire-resistant, and insulative
bricks.
● They are made by combining husk, sawdust, and fungal spores to create a fibrous
network that solidifies into a lightweight material.
● Within a few days, these materials become a hardier structure.
● Mycelium bricks have the potential to reduce the building sector’s carbon footprint, its
proponents have said. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
● They are relatively more lightweight and good insulators of heat.
4. Consider the following statements.
1. Mycelia are the branching filaments of fungi that make up its vegetative part.
2. Mycelia bricks are structures developed within fungi to adapt to climate change.
1. Mycelia are the branching filaments of fungi that make up its vegetative part.
2. Mycelia bricks are structures developed within fungi to adapt to climate change.
choose the best answer
Anonymous Quiz
4%
A. Article 14
21%
B. Article 19
59%
C. Article 20
16%
D. Article 21
Answer: C
Soln:
● The ‘Right to silence’ is rooted in Article 20(3) of the Indian Constitution, which stipulates
that no one can be compelled to testify against themselves.
● This provision grants accused individuals protection against self-incrimination,
constituting a fundamental right.
● It contains provisions related to No ex-post-facto law, No double jeopardy, No self-
incrimination.
Soln:
● The ‘Right to silence’ is rooted in Article 20(3) of the Indian Constitution, which stipulates
that no one can be compelled to testify against themselves.
● This provision grants accused individuals protection against self-incrimination,
constituting a fundamental right.
● It contains provisions related to No ex-post-facto law, No double jeopardy, No self-
incrimination.
5. The Right to Silence is primarily associated with which Article of the Indian Constitution?
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1. The MISHTI initiative of the Indian Government aims to do which among the following?
CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER
Anonymous Quiz
78%
A. Reviving Mangroves
9%
B. Reviving Coral Reefs
8%
C. Reviving urban green cover
5%
D. Reviving tropical evergreen forests
Answer: A
Soln:
● The ‘Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes (MISHTI)’ was
launched by the Government of India in 2023 to revive mangroves across the country.
Hence, option A is correct.
● The objective of the scheme is to increase the mangrove cover along the coastline and
on salt pan lands.
● Under the scheme, the government provides financial assistance to local communities to
undertake mangrove plantation activities.
● Funding Cycle: 80% of the project cost is borne by the Government of India, while the
remaining 20% is contributed by the respective State Governments.
Soln:
● The ‘Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes (MISHTI)’ was
launched by the Government of India in 2023 to revive mangroves across the country.
Hence, option A is correct.
● The objective of the scheme is to increase the mangrove cover along the coastline and
on salt pan lands.
● Under the scheme, the government provides financial assistance to local communities to
undertake mangrove plantation activities.
● Funding Cycle: 80% of the project cost is borne by the Government of India, while the
remaining 20% is contributed by the respective State Governments.
2. Consider the following statements about the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV).
1. It is the first Indian launch vehicle to have liquid stages.
2. It is a three staged launch vehicle.
3. All Chandrayaan missions were carried out with this launch vehicle.
1. It is the first Indian launch vehicle to have liquid stages.
2. It is a three staged launch vehicle.
3. All Chandrayaan missions were carried out with this launch vehicle.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
39%
A. Only one
43%
B. Only two
14%
C. All the three
4%
D. None of the above
Answer: A
Soln:
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV):
● Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is the third generation launch vehicle of India. It is
the first Indian launch vehicle to be equipped with liquid stages. Hence, statement 1 is
correct.
● PSLV has a four-stage system comprising a combination of solid and liquid-fuelled
rocket stages. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
○ The first stage at the very bottom is solid fuelled, having six strap-on solid rocket
boosters wrapped around it. Second stage is liquid fuelled whereas the third stage
has a solid fuelled rocket motor. At the fourth stage, the launcher uses a liquid
propellant to boost in outer space.
● After its first successful launch in 1994, PSLV emerged as the reliable and versatile launch
vehicle of India. It has a famous reputation as a "workhorse", with a very low failure
rate.
● The PSLV can lift up to 3.8 tonnes to low-earth orbit.
● Some remarkable launches by PSLV are Chandrayaan-1 (First Indian lunar probe),
Mangalyaan-1 (First Mars Orbiter Mission by India) and Astrosat (First Indian dedicated
multi-wavelength space observatory). Chandrayaan 2 was carried out using GSLV. Hence,
statement 3 is incorrect.
● In addition to launching satellites into LEO, PSLV has also launched satellites for
communication, meteorology, navigation, scientific experiments and space
exploration missions.
Soln:
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV):
● Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is the third generation launch vehicle of India. It is
the first Indian launch vehicle to be equipped with liquid stages. Hence, statement 1 is
correct.
● PSLV has a four-stage system comprising a combination of solid and liquid-fuelled
rocket stages. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
○ The first stage at the very bottom is solid fuelled, having six strap-on solid rocket
boosters wrapped around it. Second stage is liquid fuelled whereas the third stage
has a solid fuelled rocket motor. At the fourth stage, the launcher uses a liquid
propellant to boost in outer space.
● After its first successful launch in 1994, PSLV emerged as the reliable and versatile launch
vehicle of India. It has a famous reputation as a "workhorse", with a very low failure
rate.
● The PSLV can lift up to 3.8 tonnes to low-earth orbit.
● Some remarkable launches by PSLV are Chandrayaan-1 (First Indian lunar probe),
Mangalyaan-1 (First Mars Orbiter Mission by India) and Astrosat (First Indian dedicated
multi-wavelength space observatory). Chandrayaan 2 was carried out using GSLV. Hence,
statement 3 is incorrect.
● In addition to launching satellites into LEO, PSLV has also launched satellites for
communication, meteorology, navigation, scientific experiments and space
exploration missions.
3. Consider the following statements.
1. Refraction is the property of a glass prism that causes the bending of light.
2. Birefringence is the property of certain materials causing light to slow down by different
amounts in two distinct directions.
3. Birefringence is caused by materials having more than one refractive index.
1. Refraction is the property of a glass prism that causes the bending of light.
2. Birefringence is the property of certain materials causing light to slow down by different
amounts in two distinct directions.
3. Birefringence is caused by materials having more than one refractive index.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
6%
A. Only one
36%
B. Only two
56%
C. All the three
2%
D. None of the above
4. Darfur, a region in Africa, seen in news often is a part of which of the following countries?